Bennettclausen1203
AEPPVM is an uncommon paraneoplastic retinopathy found in patients with metastatic malignancy. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating a temporal association between metastatic disease activity and quantifiable changes in retinal imaging over a 4-year period.Endophthalmitis caused by Abiotrophia defectiva has never before been reported in a child. We report a case of a 12-year-old female with a history of penetrating keratoplasty, followed years later by open globe injury and repair, and subsequent anterior vitrectomy, which resulted in endophthalmitis caused by Abiotrophia defectiva. We review previous cases of endophthalmitis by this organism and argue that its detection will become more common with the use of 16S rDNA PCR and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
This systematic review aims to identify instrument-based tests for quantifying vitreous inflammation in uveitis, report the test reliability and the level of correlation with clinician grading.
Studies describing instrument-based tests for detecting vitreous inflammation were identified by searching bibliographic databases and trials registers. Test reliability measures and level of correlation with clinician vitreous haze grading are extracted.
Twelve studies describing ultrasound, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and retinal photography for detecting vitreous inflammation were included Ultrasound was used for detection of disease features, whereas OCT and retinal photography provided quantifiable measurements. #link# Correlation with clinician grading for OCT was 0.53-0.60 (three studies) and for retinal photography was 0.51 (1 study). Both instruments showed high inter- and intra-observer reliability (>0.70 intraclass correlation and Cohen's kappa), where reported in four studies.
Retinal photography and OCT are able to detect and measure vitreous inflammation. Both techniques are reliable, automatable, and warrant further evaluation.
Retinal photography and OCT are able to detect and measure vitreous inflammation. Both techniques are reliable, automatable, and warrant further evaluation.
To investigate foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and retinal vascular density (VD) in patients with psoriasis according to disease severity using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
Twenty-seven patients with mild psoriasis (Group 1), 28 with moderate to severe psoriasis (Group 2) and 30 healthy controls (Group 3) were evaluated with OCTA. Foveal and parafoveal VD and FAZ area were measured and compared.
FAZ values were significantly higher in Group 2 (0.20±0.1, 0.31±0.07, 0.20±0.09;
.001, respectively.). The mean VD value were significantly lower in the deep capillary plexus in parafoveal area in Group 2 (35.5±8.7, 28.7±4.6, 35.0±3.5;
.001, respectively.). These changes showed significant correlation with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores of patients.
Our results suggest that OCTA may have a future role as alert of potentially more severe disease in cases clinically classified as mild disease.
Our results suggest that OCTA may have a future role as alert of potentially more severe disease in cases clinically classified as mild disease.Auger electrons can be highly radiotoxic when they are used to irradiate specific molecular sites. This has spurred basic science investigations of their radiobiological effects and clinical investigations of their potential for therapy. Focused symposia on the biophysical aspects of Auger processes have been held quadrennially. This 9th International Symposium on Physical, Molecular, Cellular, and Medical Aspects of Auger Processes at Oxford University brought together scientists from many different fields to review past findings, discuss the latest studies, and plot the future work to be done. This review article examines the research in this field that was published during the years 2015-2019 which corresponds to the period since the last meeting in Japan. In addition, this article points to future work yet to be done. There have been a plethora of advancements in our understanding of Auger processes. These advancements range from basic atomic and molecular physics to new ways to implement Auger electron emitters in radiopharmaceutical therapy. The highly localized doses of radiation that are deposited within a 10 nm of the decay site make them precision tools for discovery across the physical, chemical, biological, and medical sciences.
To determine the efficacy and safety of intravenous tocilizumab in refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis.
This was a retrospective observational case series. Patients with refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis, who had received tocilizumab were included in this study.
8 patients (14 eyes) were included in this study. The average age of the patients at the first visit was 16.8±11.2years (7-40). The average duration of follow-up period after starting treatment was 28.6±24.6months (9-70). link2 Intravenous tocilizumab infusions induced and maintained remission in 5 patients (8 eyes). Vasculitis was resolved within 8months in all but one patient. The presence of papillitis before starting treatment was directly correlated with visual acuity improvement. No side effects were observed.
Intravenous tocilizumab infusion can be an effective and safe method of treatment to induce and maintain remission in resistant juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis.
Intravenous tocilizumab infusion can be an effective and safe method of treatment to induce and maintain remission in resistant juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis.The method section of this chapter on in vivo regional lung deposition highlights a nonradioactive method to measure regional deposition, which uses a photometer to quantify inhaled and exhaled particles and in that way is able to estimate the lung region from which the particles are exhaled and to what amount. The radioactive methods cover the measurement of clearance of the deposited particles as well as different imaging techniques to determine regional deposition. The result section reviews in vivo trials in human subjects. It also addresses different parameters that influence the regional deposition in the lungs particle size, inhalation maneuver, carrier gas, disease, and inhalation device. All of these factors can affect regional deposition significantly. link3 By choosing specific values of these parameters, it should be feasible to target different regions of the lungs for the therapy of different diseases.
Patients receiving carbon-ion radiation therapy and astronauts exploring outer space are inevitably exposed to heavy ion radiation. The aim of this study was to develop radioprotectors to minimize the injuries induced by carbon ion radiation.
Heat-killed
Typhimurium (HKST) was administered to mice by gavage prior to irradiation with a
C
heavy ion accelerator. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunofluorescence TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling staining were used to assess the radioprotective effect of HKST on organ damage and levels of apoptosis, respectively, in mice. To investigate the mechanism underlying the radioprotective effect of HKST, levels of the pro-apoptotic proteins BAX and caspase 3 as well as interferon-regulatory factor (IRF) 3/7 in the femur, testis and intestine were assessed using immunofluorescence.
Injuries induced by carbon ion radiation were significantly eased by pretreatment with HKST. Both apoptosis and high expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins induced by heavy ion radiation were inhibited by HKST pretreatment. The radioprotective effect of HKST was associated with stimulation of Toll-like receptor signaling mediated by enhanced IRF3 and IRF7 signaling.
HKST was an effective radioprotector alleviating damage to multiple organs caused by heavy ion radiation.
HKST was an effective radioprotector alleviating damage to multiple organs caused by heavy ion radiation.Mutations in the highly similar genes B-cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) and BTG2 are identified in approximately 10-15% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases, which may suggest a direct involvement of BTG1 and BTG2 in malignant transformation. However, it is unclear whether or how disease-associated mutations impair the function of these genes. Therefore, we selected 16 BTG1 variants based on in silico analysis. We then evaluated (i) the ability of these variants to interact with the known protein-binding partners CNOT7 and CNOT8, which encode the Caf1 catalytic subunit of the Ccr4-Not deadenylase complex; (ii) the activity of the variant proteins in cell cycle progression; (iii) translational repression; and (iv) mRNA degradation. Based on these analyses, we conclude that mutations in BTG1 may contribute to malignant transformation and tumor cell proliferation by interfering with its anti-proliferative activity and ability to interact with CNOT7 and CNOT8.
There is a strong need for a reliable marker of harmful alcohol consumption to identify injured patients that can benefit from alcohol interventions, and blood phosphatidyl ethanol (PEth) has not previously been tested on this population. This study aims to compare the performance of blood PEth concentration, blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Consumption (AUDIT-C) for the screening of alcohol misuse in trauma patients.
Prospective cross-sectional study of 238 adult patients presenting in the emergency department with any type of trauma. PEth concentration was determined in whole blood by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Consent, AUDIT-C score and demographic data were obtained.
The sample consisted of majority male (67.6%), single (46.2%) and employed (66%) patients. The most common type of trauma was traffic collision (63.9%). The mean age was 41.7 years. Tucatinib datasheet found a significant correlation between PEth levels with AUDIT-C score (Spearman's
= 0.654;
< .0001). PEth had an area under the ROC curve of 0.885 to detect hazardous alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C score ≥ 6) and PEth ≥23.9 ng/mL cutoff point provided 91.2% of sensitivity and 78.4% of specificity. Twelve patients reported alcohol abstinence, but had quantifiable levels of PEth.
PEth levels and AUDIT-C score had a moderate correlation in our population. PEth was useful to identify 12 cases of underreporting of alcohol consumption habits. PEth shows promising results, but more research is needed to identify the best screening tool for alcohol misuse in trauma patients.
PEth levels and AUDIT-C score had a moderate correlation in our population. PEth was useful to identify 12 cases of underreporting of alcohol consumption habits. PEth shows promising results, but more research is needed to identify the best screening tool for alcohol misuse in trauma patients.
We extend the theory of conceptual categories to flight safety events, to understand variations in pilot event knowledge.
Experienced, highly trained pilots sometimes fail to recognize events, resulting in procedures not being followed, damaging safety. Recognition is supported by typical, representative members of a concept. Variations in typicality ("gradients") could explain variations in pilot knowledge, and hence recognition. The role of simulations and everyday flight operations in the acquisition of useful, flexible concepts is poorly understood. We illustrate uses of the theory in understanding the industry-wide problem of nontypical events.
One hundred and eighteen airline pilots responded to scenario descriptions, rating them for typicality and indicating the source of their knowledge about each scenario.
Significant variations in typicality in flight safety event concepts were found, along with key gradients that may influence pilot behavior. Some concepts were linked to knowledge gained in simulator encounters, while others were linked to real flight experience.
