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However, no difference in the primary outcome in the aorta was observed in the three study groups (median target to background ratio follow-up/baseline, PT1 1.00; 95% CI 0.97-1.10, PT2 1.00; 95% CI 0.98-1.1, CG 1.1; 95% CI 0.99-1.1, p=0.75). No significant differences were detected in most diseased segments and active segments. In addition, no differences were observed in

F-FDG uptake in the carotid, iliac, femoral, and popliteal arteries. No differences with regard to relative changes in vascular biomarkers were noted, and no serious cardiovascular adverse events occurred.

Periodontal treatment was effective and safe but did not reduce vascular inflammation in patients with PAD.

Periodontal treatment was effective and safe but did not reduce vascular inflammation in patients with PAD.

Maternal hypercholesterolemia has been implicated in earlier onset of atherosclerotic lesions in neonatal offspring. In this study, we investigated whether maternal exposure to soy protein isolate (SPI) diet attenuated the progression of atherosclerosis in F1 offspring.

Pregnant apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe



) female mice were fed SPI diet until postnatal day 21 (PND21) of the offspring (SPI-offspring). SPI-offspring were switched at PND21 to casein (CAS) diet until PND140. Mice fed CAS throughout their lifetime (gestation to adulthood) were used as controls (CAS-offspring).

Atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic sinuses were reduced in SPI-offspring compared with CAS-offspring. Total serum cholesterol levels in CAS-offspring or dams were comparable to levels in their SPI-counterparts, suggesting that alternative mechanisms contributed to the athero-protective effect of maternal SPI diet. Aortic VCAM-1, MCP-1, and TNF-α mRNA and protein expression, and expression of macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokines was reduced in SPI-offspring. Interestingly, CD4

T cells from SPI-offspring showed reduced IFN-γ expression (Th1), while the expression of IL-10 (Th2/Treg), and IL-13 (Th2) was increased. DNA methylation analyses revealed that anti-inflammatory T cell-associated Gata3 and Il13 promoter regions were hypomethylated in SPI-offspring. These findings suggest that anti-inflammatory macrophage and T cell response may have contributed to the athero-protective effect in SPI-offspring.

Our findings demonstrate that gestational and lactational soy diet exposure inhibits susceptibility to atherosclerotic lesion formation by promoting anti-inflammatory responses by macrophages and T cells.

Our findings demonstrate that gestational and lactational soy diet exposure inhibits susceptibility to atherosclerotic lesion formation by promoting anti-inflammatory responses by macrophages and T cells.

Type of insulin is prescribed according to the glycaemic status of the patient, affordability, and preference of the patient. Analogues are considered to be the good therapeutic treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes, as they closely mimic physiological insulin kinetics and minimize the risk of hypoglycemia as compared to other insulin formulations. In this study, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of different insulin regimen (analogue insulins, regular insulins, and NPH insulins) in patients with type 1 diabetes in Ahmedabad, western India.

A retrospective study was carried out on patients with type 1 diabetes aged below 18 years. They were categorized into three groups as per their insulin regimen-on analogues, on regular insulin and on premix insulin. Their mean HbA1c was extracted from the database in order to know the effectiveness of their respective insulin regimen. Only those patients were studied who had undergone HbA1c from January 2018 to January 2020, who were regular in their visit tonsulin regimens in patients with type 1 diabetes. Further prospective studies are required in a controlled manner in Indian patients to corroborate these preliminary findings and also compute the risk of hypoglycaemia.Ptilotus exaltatus accumulates phosphorus (P) to > 40 mg g-1 without toxicity symptoms, while Kennedia prostrata is intolerant of increased P supply. What physiological mechanisms underlie this difference and protect P. exaltatus from P toxicity? Ptilotus exaltatus and K. prostrata were grown in a sandy soil with low-P, high-P and P-pulse treatments. Both species hyperaccumulated P (>20 mg g-1) under high-P and P-pulse treatments; shoot dry weight was unchanged for P. exaltatus, but decreased by >50% for K. prostrata. Under high-P, in young fully-expanded leaves, both species accumulated P predominantly as inorganic P. However, P. exaltatus preferentially allocated P to mesophyll cells and stored calcium (Ca) as occasional crystals in specific lower mesophyll cells, separate from P, while K. prostrata preferentially allocated P to epidermal and spongy mesophyll cells, but co-located P and Ca in palisade mesophyll cells where granules with high [P] and [Ca] were evident. Mesophyll cellular [P] correlated positively with [potassium] for both species, and negatively with [sulfur] for P. exaltatus. Thus, P. exaltatus tolerated a very high leaf [inorganic P] (17 mg g-1), associated with P and Ca allocation to different cell types and formation of Ca crystals, thereby avoiding deleterious precipitation of Ca3(PO4)2. It also showed enhanced [potassium] and decreased [sulfur] to balance high cellular [P]. Phosphorus toxicity in K. prostrata arose from co-location of Ca and P in palisade mesophyll cells. This study advances understanding of leaf physiological mechanisms for high P tolerance in a P-hyperaccumulator and indicates P. exaltatus as a promising candidate for P-phytoextraction.This study explores the use of biochar (BC), an inexpensive filtration media, for removing graphene oxide (GO) contaminants from the aquatic subsurface environments. Mass balance approaches and column dissection tests were used to analyze the retention behavior of GO in a series of model fixed-bed columns as a function of ionic strength (IS) and flowrate. The column based on the biochar media (BC) displayed 3.6-fold higher retention compared to the quartz sand (control). To overcome the challenges of unfavorable electrostatic interactions between GO and BC, we used a facile functionalization strategy to modify the BC surfaces with nanoscale zero-valent iron (BC-nZVI). PHI-101 The BC-nZVI (51, w/w) retained 2.6-fold higher amounts of GO compared with bare biochar. Furthermore, the performance of BC-nZVI increased with decreasing values of IS, attributed to the attachment of GO to nZVI where nZVI was partially dissolved by the presence of higher chloride ion at high IS. A better GO retention (86%) at higher IS was observed in BC where the GO was primarily retained due to the higher aggregation via straining.Azoles are used in agriculture and medicine to combat fungal infections. We have previously examined the endocrine disrupting properties of the agricultural azole fungicides triticonazole and flusilazole. Triticonazole displayed strong androgen receptor (AR) antagonism in vitro, whereas in utero exposure resulted in anti-androgenic effects in vivo evidenced by shorter anogenital distance (AGD) in fetal male rats. Flusilazole displayed strong AR antagonism, but less potent than triticonazole, and disrupted steroidogenesis in vitro, whereas in utero exposure disrupted fetal male plasma hormone levels. To elaborate on how these azole fungicides can disrupt male reproductive development by different mechanisms, and to investigate whether feminization effects such as short AGD in males can also be detected at the transcript level in fetal testes, we profiled fetal testis transcriptomes after in utero exposure to triticonazole and flusilazole by 3'Digital Gene Expression (3'DGE). The analysis revealed few transcriptional changes after exposure to either compound at gestation day 17 and 21. This suggests that the observed influence of flusilazole on hormone production may be by directly targeting steroidogenic enzyme activity in the testis at the protein level, whereas observations of shorter AGD by triticonazole may primarily be due to disturbed androgen signaling in androgen-sensitive tissues. Expression of Calb2 and Gsta2 was altered by flusilazole but not triticonazole and may pinpoint novel pathways of disrupted testicular steroid synthesis. Our findings have wider implication for how we integrate omics data in chemical testing frameworks, including selection of non-animal test methods and building of Adverse Outcome Pathways for regulatory purposes.Naphthalene sulfonic acids (NSAs) are used primarily as additives in a wide range of industrial products (e.g., rubber materials, coatings, sealants, fuels, paints). Based on modeled physicochemical properties, NSAs would likely partition into sediments or the tissues of biota in an aquatic system. This study examined the potential for three NSAs, dinonylnaphthalene disulfonic acid (DNDS), barium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate (BaDNS), and calcium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate (CaDNS), to accumulate in the tissue of a freshwater mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and oligochaete worm (Tubifex tubifex). The ability of L. siliquoidea to depurate accumulated chemical was also assessed. Mussels were exposed via sand spiked with CaDNS for 25 d, and then transferred to clean water where their ability to depurate the chemical over an additional 28 d was monitored. Worms were exposed to each of the three NSAs via spiked sediment for 28 d. NSA concentrations were measured separately in gill, foot, and remaining soft tissues (viscera) for mussels and in whole body tissue samples of worms. For L. siliquoidea, the largest concentration of CaDNS was measured in the gill tissue; once removed from CaDNS exposure, mussels were able to depurate up to 87% of the CaDNS from their tissues in 28 days. The biota-sediment accumulation factors (28-d BSAFs) for T. tubifex were 2.8-5.2, 0.53-0.76, and 0.83-1.11 for DNDS, BaDNS, and CaDNS, respectively. For mussel gill and viscera, BCFK values were 14.07 and 16.39, respectively. When BAFKs were calculated using the concentration of CaDNS in sand, they were 1.11 and 1.29 for mussel gill and viscera, respectively. These values are much lower than what would be necessary to classify this chemical as bioaccumulative; however, the BSAFs for DNDS in T. tubifex indicated a potential biomagnification concern if this compound were to occur in the aquatic environment.A wide variety of anthropogenic chemicals is detected in humans and wildlife and the health effects of various chemical exposures are not well understood. Early life stages are generally the most susceptible to chemical disruption and developmental exposure can cause disease in adulthood, but the mechanistic understanding of such effects is poor. Within the EU project EDC-MixRisk, a chemical mixture (Mixture G) was identified in the Swedish pregnancy cohort SELMA by the inverse association between levels in women at around gestational week ten with birth weight of their children. This mixture was composed of mono-ethyl phthalate, mono-butyl phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate, mono-ethylhexyl phthalate, mono-isononyl phthalate, triclosan, perfluorohexane sulfonate, perfluorooctanoic acid, and perfluorooctane sulfonate. In a series of experimental studies, we characterized effects of Mixture G on early development in zebrafish models. Here, we studied apoptosis and Wnt/β-catenin signaling which are two evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways of crucial importance during development.