Beierduncan8318

Communication scholars are increasingly concerned about biases that shape people's interactions with science. Past study has focused on echo chambers (cultivating social networks that reinforce existing worldviews). People's facilitation of scientific discourse between strangers also may be shaped by their attitudes. To study the latter, we employed a recent adaptation of Milgram's lost letter technique called the lost e-mail technique (LET). We conducted a preregistered field study using a large undergraduate university sample (N = 1,508) to examine how the LET might elucidate people's treatment of scientific information. We distributed four ostensibly misaddressed scientific messages and monitored the likelihood of these e-mails being facilitated by participants. Participants' beliefs about self-esteem's importance, assessed months earlier, were associated with increased facilitation of scientific claims congruent with (vs. incongruent with) these beliefs. Thus, people shape the spread of online information in a manner matching their beliefs, even for people outside their social networks.Introduction Spiritual interventions (SI) are used by patients and their families as a means to promote health. The family continuum (FC), which includes finding a partner/spouse, getting married, becoming pregnant, and having a safe pregnancy/birth, is an important concept for the Jewish culture as well as other cultures that have a traditional family-centered approach. There is a dearth of professional literature pertaining to SI to promote the FC. Although patients may use SI, this information is not routinely collected in a health history. The purpose of the study was to describe the experience of Jewish women's use of SI to promote the FC. Methods This ethnographic study included interviews of Jewish women pertaining to FC, a text review, and field study. Coding of the text, site visits, and interviews were performed and reviewed to identify categories and themes and were refined until saturation was achieved. Results Fifty-three observant and non-observant Jewish women participated in the study. Women expressed that SI were the means for them playing an active role in fulfilling the FC, and included intermediaries to God, self-improvement, and folk/spiritual remedies. The examples of SI included visits to holy sites and spiritual leaders for blessings and advice, prayers, psalms, doing good deeds, eating special foods, wearing amulets, and performing certain SI with predesignated repetitions. Women attributed these SI to attaining an FC. Women who achieved each FC milestone without difficulty tended to use less SI, whereas women's SI usage increased the longer a milestone was not achieved. Conclusions Jewish women are using many SI to promote the FC. Health care should be delivered in a culturally competent manner, which includes the incorporation of safe cultural practices. Obtaining a cultural assessment as part of the medical history could assist the health care professional in integrating safe SI into patient care.We conducted a comprehensive, multiphase laboratory evaluation of the InBios Active Melioidosis Detect (AMD) rapid test, a lateral flow immunoassay designed to detect capsular polysaccharides produced by Burkholderia mallei or Burkholderia pseudomallei, used in conjunction with the Omni Array Reader for the rapid identification of culture isolates of B mallei or B pseudomallei to support clinical diagnosis for response and triage during a mass casualty event, such as a biological attack. The study was conducted at 2 sites to assess the performance of the AMD test. The sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of the assay was determined using 5 replicates of 35 inclusivity strains and 64 clinical background strains. A total of 520 tests were performed, which included both positive and negative controls. Results obtained visually and with the Omni Array Reader showed a sensitivity of 92.3% for B mallei and 95.6% for B pseudomallei; no cross-reactivity was observed with any of the 64 clinical background organisms. The results from this study indicate that the AMD test for the presumptive identification of B mallei and B pseudomallei isolates to support clinical diagnosis is highly robust, specific, and sensitive. This evaluation supports the use of this test as a rapid, qualitative assay for the presumptive identification of B mallei and B pseudomallei in a clinical setting.We conducted a comprehensive, multiphase laboratory evaluation of InBios Active Melioidosis Detect (AMD) rapid test, a lateral flow immunoassay designed to detect capsular polysaccharides produced by Burkholderia mallei or Burkholderia pseudomallei, used in conjunction with the Omni Array Reader (OAR) for the rapid detection of B mallei or B pseudomallei in environmental (nonclinical) samples at 2 sites. The limit of detection, using reference strains B mallei strain ATCC 23344 and B pseudomallei strain ATCC 11668, was determined to be 103 to 104 CFU/mL. In different phases of the evaluation, inclusivity strains that included geographically diverse strains of B mallei (N = 13) and B pseudomallei (N = 22), geographically diverse phylogenetic near neighbor strains (N = 66), environmental background strains (N = 64), white powder samples (N = 26), and environmental filter extracts (N = 1 pooled sample from 10 filter extracts) were also tested. A total of 1,753 tests were performed, which included positive and negative controls. Visual and OAR results showed that the AMD test detected 92.3% of B mallei and 95.5% of B pseudomallei strains. Of the 66 near-neighbor strains tested, cross-reactivity was observed with only B stabilis 2008724195 and B thailandensis 2003015869. Overall, the specificity and sensitivity were 98.8% and 98.7%, respectively. The results of this evaluation support the use of the AMD test as a rapid, qualitative assay for the presumptive detection of B mallei and B pseudomallei in suspicious environmental samples such as white powders and aerosol samples by first responders and laboratory personnel.Wheat yellow (stripe) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks. (Pst) is an important disease worldwide (Chen 2005; Afzal et al., 2007; Hovmøller et al. 2011). In Latin America, the disease has been reported in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, and Uruguay (van Beuningen and Kohli, 1986; German et al., 2007). The disease was observed for the first time in Paraguay at Capitán Miranda (Itapúa) (27°12'07.5888S, 55°47'20.3640W) in an environment with average minimum temperature below 10°C in July 2021 (coldest month). Symptoms were yellow rust pustules distributed linearly on the leaves of adult host plants (Fig. 1). Oval-shaped uredinia contained unicellular, yellow to orange, spherical urediniospores (28, 82 × 26, 83 μm), within the range reported by Rioux et al. (2015). Black telia produced yellow to orange teliospores (64, 12 × 15, 46 μm), which were within the range reported by Chen et al. (2014). All susceptible wheat cultivars had up to 100% disease set al. 2017). The sequences obtained were OM631935, OM638432, OM718000, and OM718001 and were aligned using the GenBank BLAST tool (https//blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi), obtaining a 100% match with the following sequences KC677574.1, KY411522.1, KY411533.1, and KY411542.1, respectively. Yellow-rust-infected leaf samples were collected from a field trial and sent to the Global Rust Reference Center (GRRC), Denmark. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) genotyping of samples from two different cultivars exhibited the genetic lineage PstS13 (www.wheatrust.org), which had previously been detected in South America (Carmona et al., 2019), thereby confirming the first report of wheat yellow rust in Paraguay. Considering that the Paraguayan wheat germplasm is highly susceptible to yellow rust, further studies are required to monitor potential spread and establishment of yellow rust in Paraguay and to explore potential sources of resistance to prevent future epidemics.The dwarf hawthorn Crataegus uniflora Münchh. (Rosaceae, Maloideae) is a small deciduous tree species native to the central and eastern US and south into northern Mexico. Dwarf hawthorn is drought tolerant and commonly found in disturbed areas (e.g., hedges and roadsides). In May 2021, we observed several individuals of dwarf hawthorn growing on the border of an empty field in the Natural Area Teaching Laboratory at The University of Florida main campus in Gainesville, Alachua County, Florida, USA (N29.633382, W82.368350) that were severely infected by fruit galls with visible, whitish aecia (e-Xtra Fig.1). The affected fruit were collected and transported to the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services - Division of Plant Industry headquarters in Gainesville for identification (FDACS-DPI, 2021-107788). this website The conspicuous rust fungus, occurring on the fruit (fructicolous), consisted of tubular aecia (roestelioid), 4 - 5 mm in length × 0.5 mm in diameter, with whitish peridia containing bright orandes Koch's postulates. Based on exhaustive reviews of collection indices and literature, a specimen of G. clavipes on C. uniflora exists at the U.S. National Fungus collections (BPI 117783A) collected in Newfield, New Jersey in 1888 (Farr & Rossman, 2022); this rust fungus has a host range of at least 18 other species of Crataegus (Farr and Rossman, 2022; McVay et al., 2021; Zhao et al., 2020). This report represents the first published record of G. clavipes on dwarf hawthorn, and the first report in Florida.Morel mushroom (Morchella spp.) is a rare edible fungus with high nutritional and medicinal value. In China they are cultivated in sandy soils in greenhouses and production of fresh mushrooms reached 10,000 tons in 2019. However, from 2019 to 2020, a serious rot disease with 30% natural incidence was observed on M. sextelata at a mushroom farm in Pinghu (N30°39', E121°2'), Zhejiang province of China. The symptoms mainly occurred after the first flush in the early February. First, a small white mold-like symptoms appeared on the surface or the pinnacle of pileus. Then the lesion developed to encircle the pileus and spread gradually to the stipe. The lesions expanded rapidly at high temperature (>20 °C) and humidity (>70%). In the final stages of infection, the fruiting bodies became soft with white molds. The pathogen was isolated from the margin of the lesions by plating onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25 °C in the dark. Colonies on PDA grew fast, reaching 60 mm in 7 days at 25 °C, and were wA. bitorquis in Europe (Zare & Gams 2001) as well as more recently on Tremella fuciformis in China (Liu et al 2018). To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. aphanocladii causing rot of M. sextelata. According to the disease observation in the farm of Pinghu, this rot disease breaks out and spreads fast, and is getting worse ever year, resulting in a huge loss of yield and commodity value. It is a big concern to producers of this edible fungus.Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), has been considered as the most devastating disease affecting bananas (Musa spp.) worldwide. A highly virulent strain of Foc, known as tropical race 4 (TR4), has been detected in the southeast Asia in the 1990s, and has since spread to western Asia, Australia, the Middle East, southern Africa, and South America (Viljoen et al. 2020). Foc TR4 can cause severe yield losses in Cavendish (AAA), Gros Michel (AAA), Silk (AAB), Pisang Awak (ABB) and Bluggoe (ABB) bananas (Ploetz et al. 2006). However, cooking bananas such as plantain (AAB) and Matooke (AAA) bananas, appear to be resistant (Zuo et al. 2017). Iholena bananas (AAB), a subgroup of varieties related to plantains (also known as Pacific plantains), is an important staple food in the Pacific Islands where it was domesticated. It is also popular in Peru, probably due to its nutritional value (Kepler et al. 2011) and is wildly cultivated in other South American countries (Dita et al. 2013). In December 2019, typical symptoms of banana Fusarium wilt were observed on Iholena accession 'Pacific Plantain' (ITC0210) in experimental fields located in Dongguan, Guangdong Province of China.