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In vitro antiplasmodial evaluation was performed against asexual parasite and chloroquine was used as a reference drug.

UNC2250 of the hybrid compounds were in a range of 97.9-102% at 5 μM and 36-96% at 1 μM. #link# Furthermore, the IC50 values of the compounds were in the range of 0.7-1.6 μM when compared to the parent drug, 4-ferrocenylketobutanoic acid.

The hybrid compounds displayed significant antimalarial activity when compared to the parent drug. However, they were not as effective as chloroquine on the drug-sensitive parasite. The findings revealed that 4-aminoquinolines and ferrocene are potential scaffolds for developing potent antimalarials.

The hybrid compounds displayed significant antimalarial activity when compared to the parent drug. However, they were not as effective as chloroquine on the drug-sensitive parasite. The findings revealed that 4-aminoquinolines and ferrocene are potential scaffolds for developing potent antimalarials.

The association between obesity and a reduction in life expectancy is well established, and cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality. Bariatric surgery has long been established as the most effective and durable intervention for obesity, and is the only intervention for obesity that consistently improves multiple comorbidities, reduces cardiovascular disease and long-term mortality. The purpose of this review article is to describe the impact of metabolic/bariatric surgery on type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiometabolic parameters, including cardiovascular mortality.

A systematic literature search of Pubmed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register was performed. We included randomized controlled trials, metanalysis, case-control trials, and cohort studies that contain data on reductions in cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular mortality in subjects who underwent metabolic/bariatric surgery from January 1, 2005, to June 1, 2020.

There is sufficient evidence of randomized controlled trials that metabolic/bariatric surgery is associated with a significant improvement of all cardiovascular risk factors. Although studies are showing a reduction of macrovascular events and cardiovascular mortality, these findings come from observational studies and should be confirmed in randomized clinical trials.

There is sufficient evidence of randomized controlled trials that metabolic/bariatric surgery is associated with a significant improvement of all cardiovascular risk factors. Although studies are showing a reduction of macrovascular events and cardiovascular mortality, these findings come from observational studies and should be confirmed in randomized clinical trials.Lifestyle modifications in the form of diet and exercise are generally a first-line approach to reduce hypertensive risk and overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Accumulating research evidence has revealed that consumption of non- and low-fat dairy products incorporated into the routine diet is an effective means to reduce elevated blood pressure and improve vascular functions. However, the idea of incorporating whole-fat or full-fat dairy products in the normal routine diet as a strategy to reduce CVD risk has been met with controversy. The aim of this review is to review both sides of the argument surrounding saturated fat intake and CVD risk from the standpoint of dairy intake. link2 Throughout the review, we examined observational studies on relationships between CVD risk and dairy consumption, dietary intervention studies using non-fat and whole-fat dairy, and mechanistic studies investigating physiological mechanisms of saturated fat intake that may help to explain increases in cardiovascular disease risk. Currently available data have demonstrated that whole-fat dairy is unlikely to augment hypertensive risk when added to the normal routine diet but may negatively impact CVD risk. In conclusion, whole-fat dairy may not be a recommended alternative to non- or low-fat dairy products as a means to reduce hypertensive or overall CVD risk.

Tuberculosis (TB) mono-infection has radiological features and typical clinical manifestations that are easily recognized by clinicians. These radiological features and clinical manifestations are often found to show atypical features in subjects coinfected with Tuberculosis- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), making TB diagnosis and early management challenging to establish.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the clinical and radiological presentation of pulmonary TB patients with HIV coinfection at the Central General Hospital Sanglah, Bali.

This research was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional method. A total of 54 TB-HIV coinfected patients were analyzed to their sociodemographic characteristics, clinical manifestations and chest radiographic features.

The majority of subjects were of productive age (26-61 years), male (64.8%) and belonged to the heterosexual group (90.7%). Weight loss (75.9%), cough (64.8%) and oral candidiasis (53.7%) are the most common clinical manifestations found in subjects, especially in subjects with CD4+ >200 cells/mm3. Atypical radiological features such as infiltration/consolidation (59.3%), fibrosis (16.7%) and hillar lymphadenopathy (14.8%) are the most commonly obtained radiological features of the subjects. From the results of the bivariate analysis, it was found that radiological features in the form of infiltration/consolidation were more commonly found in subjects with CD4+ <200 cells/mm3 (OR=1.254; 95% CI 1.059-1.568).

Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that there are no typical radiological features and clinical manifestations in patients with TB-HIV infection.

Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that there are no typical radiological features and clinical manifestations in patients with TB-HIV infection.

Dental professionals have so many opportunities to use injection needles and sharp instruments during dental treatment that they face an increased risk of needlestick injuries. This retrospective study reports the utilization and clinical outcomes of occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with anti-retroviral agents after being potentially exposed to HIV at the dental departments of Hiroshima University Hospital.

This study reports the utilization and clinical outcomes of occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with antiretroviral agents after being potentially exposed to HIV at dental departments of Hiroshima University Hospital.

Data on the clinical status of HIV-infected source patients and information on HIV-exposed dental professionals from 2007 to 2018 were collected.

Five dentists with an average experience of 5.6 years (1-15 years) were exposed. The averaged CD4-positive cell number and HIV-RNA load were 1176 (768-1898) /μl and less than 20 copies/ml, respectively, in all the patients. Two of the five HIV exposed dentists received PEP. Three months after the exposures, all of their results were negative in HIV antibody/antigen tests.

 ; These data might support the concept of "undetectable equals untransmittable", although HIV exposure in this study was not through sexual transmission.

; These data might support the concept of "undetectable equals untransmittable", although HIV exposure in this study was not through sexual transmission.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a major public health problem in the world. One of the highly effective drugs in anti-HIV therapy is efavirenz (EFZ), which is classified as Class II according to the Classification System of Biopharmaceuticals, presenting low solubility and high permeability, this being an obstacle related to the drug.

This study aimed to obtain an innovative system based on EFZ and the Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (ZIF-8) to use in the development of prolonged-release pharmaceutical forms that can circumvent this problem.

The EFZ ZIF-8 system was obtained by a selected ex-situ method due to its higher incorporation efficiency. Different characterization techniques corroborated the obtainment of the system, and drug release was analyzed by dissolution testing under sink conditions, the profiles being adjusted to some kinetic models.

At pH 1.2, the structure of ZIF-8 breaks down rapidly, releasing a large amount of drug within either 3h or short time. In the pH 4.5 and 6.8 medium, the EFZ release from the EFZ ZIF-8 system obtained in ethanol was prolonged, releasing 95% of the drug in 24h at pH 4.5 and 75% medium at pH 6.8.

It is evident that a promising pH-sensitive system was obtained using ZIF-8 as a novel carrier of EFZ intended for the alternative treatment of AIDS.

It is evident that a promising pH-sensitive system was obtained using ZIF-8 as a novel carrier of EFZ intended for the alternative treatment of AIDS.Vesicular systems have many advantages like prolong the existence of the drug in the systemic circulation, minimizes the undesirable side-effects, reaches the active moieties to its target sites using the carriers. But the main drawback related to transdermal delivery is to cross stratum corneum which can be overcome by the utilization of novel carrier systems e.g. link3 transfersomes which are ultra-deformable carrier system composed of phospholipid (phosphatidylcholine) and edge activators (surfactants). Edge activators are responsible for the flexibility of the bilayer membranes of transfersomes. Different edge activators utilized for transfersomes include tween, span, bile salts (sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate) and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate. These activators decrease the interfacial tension therefore increases the deformability of carrier system. Transfersomes can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs into a vesicular structure which consists of one or more concentric bilayers. Due to the elastic nature of transfersomes, they can easily cross the natural physiological barriers i.e., skin and deliver the drug to its active site. The main benefit of using transfersomes as a carrier is the delivery of macromolecules through the skin by non-invasive route therefore increasing the patient's compliance. The transfersomal formulations can be used in the treatment of ocular diseases, alopecia, vulvovaginal candidiasis, osteoporosis, apotic dermatitis, tumor, leishmaniasis. It is also used in the delivery of growth hormones, anaesthesia, insulin, proteins, and herbal drugs. This review also focuses on the patents and clinical studies for various transfersomal products.

Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are attracting interest of the scientists as vehicles for nucleic acid delivery due to their suitable properties. The highly positive surface charged of PAMAM enables an adequate interaction with negatively charged microRNAs.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-tumor effect of microRNA Mimic let-7b loaded in PAMAM dendrimers (G5) on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cells.

In order to increase the anti-tumor effect, chloroquine is employed to enhance the endosomal escape which is counted as a limitation in the advancement of gene delivery. Nanoparticles (NPs) were coated with natural polysaccharide "Hyaluronic Acid (HA)" to develop biodegradable carriers with targeting moiety for over-expressed CD44 receptors on NSCLC cells. The size and zeta potential measurements, gel retardation, cellular uptake, cell viability and gene expression studies were investigated for the designed delivery system.

DLS analysis showed monodispersed small nanoparticles, which was in agreement with TEM results.