Collinsmercer5624

This discrepancy appears to be associated with differences in the typical forms of motor unit activity in distinct muscles. Other peoples' (imagined) visual perspectives are represented perceptually in a similar way to our own, and can drive bottom-up processes in the same way as own perceptual input (Ward, Ganis, & Bach, 2019). Here we test directly whether visual perspective taking is driven by where another person is looking, or whether these perceptual simulations represent their position in space more generally. Across two experiments, we asked participants to identify whether alphanumeric characters, presented at one of eight possible orientations away from upright, were presented normally, or in their mirror-inverted form (e.g. "R" vs. "Я"). In some scenes, a person would appear sitting to the left or the right of the participant. We manipulated either between-trials (Experiment 1) or between-subjects (Experiment 2), the gaze-direction of the inserted person, such that they either (1) looked towards the to-be-judged item, (2) averted their gaze away from the participant, or (3) gazed out towards the participant (Exp. 2 only). In the absence of another person, we replicated the well-established mental rotation effect, where recognition of items becomes slower the more items are oriented away from upright (e.g. Shepard and Meltzer, 1971). Crucially, in both experiments and in all conditions, this response pattern changed when another person was inserted into the scene. People spontaneously took the perspective of the other person and made faster judgements about the presented items in their presence if the characters were oriented towards upright to them. The gaze direction of this other person did not influence these effects. We propose that visual perspective taking is therefore a general spatial-navigational ability, allowing us to calculate more easily how a scene would (in principle) look from another position in space, and that such calculations reflect the spatial location of another person, but not their gaze. BACKGROUND Insomnia is common during pregnancy but the prevalence and risk factors of insomnia in Chinese women during pregnancy is not well studied. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of insomnia and its risk factors in Chinese women during pregnancy. METHODS In this cross sectional study, 436 Chinese pregnant women with Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) ≥ 8 were clinically assessed using the insomnia criteria based on the combination of DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-4th Edition) and ICD-10 (International Classification of Dieases, 10th Edition). Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale (DBAS), Pregnancy Pressure Scale (PPS), Perceived physical discomfort level and number, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and a general socio-demographic questionnaire were administered. Ivacaftor research buy RESULTS The results showed that about 20% of the pregnant women met the strict diagnosis criteria of insomnia. Independent-samples t-test revealed that several risk factors were correlated with the group with insomnia (N = 84) compared to the group without insomnia (N = 352). Binary Logistic regression analysis found that more significant bed partner influence (OR = 1.92, 95% CI 1.03-3.60), depressive symptoms (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.00-1.14), daytime sleepiness (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.14), subjective somatic discomfort (OR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.11-4.65), kinds of somatic discomfort (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.27) and later gestation (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.09) were significantly associated with insomnia. CONCLUSION In this cohort of Chinese pregnant women, about a fifth of women suffered from clinically significant insomnia. Measures to prevent the adverse effects of insomnia should be provided to pregnant women with depressive symptoms, Sleep disturbance of the bed partner, excessive daytime sleepiness and somatic discomfort, especially late in gestation. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate and discuss the effect of direct angioplasty therapy on acute middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) patients with good leptomeningeal collateral circulation in 4.5 h. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed our acute ischemic stroke database from January 2017 to January 2019, then selected consecutive patients with evidence of the proximal M1 segments of MCAO and good leptomeningeal collateral who have received angioplasty or mechanical thrombectomy (MT). The baseline characteristics and outcome of patients was statistical analysis, included age, gender and risk factors, baseline national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) scores, preoperative alberta stroke programme early CT (ASPECT) score, time from door to needle, time of door to puncture, endovascular procedure time, 7d NIHSS score and the modified treatment in cerebral infarction (m-TICI) 2b or 3, symptomatic hemorrhage, average hospital stays, modified rankin scale (mRS) score 0-2 at 3-month and mortality. All the thrombi were analyzed by histopathology. All statistical analysis was done with t-test for continuous data and χ2 test for binary data. RESULTS A total of 93 patients were included (direct angioplasty = 41 (44.1 %), MT = 52 (55.9 %)). There was no significant difference in baseline data between the two groups. The difference in the time of door to recanalization, the time of puncture to recanalization, symptomatic hemorrhage, and average hospital stays were significantly different between groups (P  0.05 each). Histopathological analysis showed all thrombi contained different amounts of platelets, fibrinogen, white blood cell, and red blood cell. CONCLUSION Direct angioplasty therapy on acute MCAO with good leptomeningeal collateral may help to shorten the time of surgery, reduce symptomatic hemorrhage, and hospital stay. OBJECTIVE To investigate the prognostic value of Platelet-to-Neutrophil ratio on admission (PNR on admission) and 24 h after intravenous thrombolysis (24 h PNR) in acute ischemic stroke patients (AIS) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred fifty-one ischemic stroke patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis were retrospectively recruited in this study. Complete blood count evaluations for PNR were conducted on admission and 24 h after the treatment of thrombolysis. The poor outcome at 3months was defined as the modified Rankin Scale of 3-6. RESULTS In multivariate logistic regression, PNR on admission (odds ratio [OR] = 0.967, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.939-0.996; P = 0.028), and 24 h PNR(OR = 0.933, 95 %CI = 0.895-0.972; P = 0.004) were all independent indicators for the 3-month poor prognosis in ischemic stroke patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis. The area under the curve of PNR on admission to predict poor functional outcomes at 3 months was 0.645 (95 %CI = 0.558-0.732; P less then 0.