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To examine the association between hospital volume and postoperative 5-year survival for patients with prostate, kidney, and bladder cancer.

Using Osaka Cancer Registry data, we identified 9285 patients who were diagnosed as having prostate, kidney, or bladder cancer and who underwent surgery between 2007 and 2011 in Osaka, Japan. The surgical hospital volume of each hospital was calculated and then divided into quartiles (high, medium, low, very low). We estimated the hazard ratios of hospital volume (quartiles) for 5-year survival using Cox proportional hazard models.

For all three cancer sites, the mortality hazard of hospitals with the lowest hospital volume was significantly higher than that of hospitals with the highest volume. The difference in adjusted 5-year survival rates between hospitals with the highest and lowest hospital volume was 3.6% for prostate cancer, 6.6% for kidney cancer, and 13.3% for bladder cancer.

Hospital surgical volume seems to affect 5-year survival for patients with urological cancers, especially kidney and bladder cancer.

Hospital surgical volume seems to affect 5-year survival for patients with urological cancers, especially kidney and bladder cancer.Introducing an external light field can increase the intrinsic activity and energy efficiency for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Herein, a synergistic strategy that introduces photosensitive components and visible light into a stable system is reported to improve the performance for CO2 reduction. The catalytic kinetics studies indicate that the synergistic effect of implantation of cationic Ti and additional light driving is the primary responsibility for accelerating the first electron transfer to form a *COO- intermediate. This leads to a satisfactory CO2 -to-CO conversion for Zr/Ti-NB-Co in terms of high selectivity (Faradaic efficiency of 93.6% at -0.7 V), remarkable catalytic activity (production rate up to 546 mmol g-1 h-1 at -1.1 V), excellent long-term stability (without performance decay over 11 h), and large turnover frequency of 1028 h-1 at -1.1 V under visible light. These results imply that the photodriven Ti-based porphyrin catalyst not only can deliver more electrons, but also can act as a photoswitch to adjust the electron transfer pathway.

With the termination of RTOG 1221, there remains a lacuna regarding the optimal treatment for human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).

Matched pair analysis with propensity score matching (PSM) between Arm I (transoral surgery [TOS] + risk-stratified adjuvant treatment) and Arm II (nonsurgical treatment - radiation/chemoradiation) in HPV(-) OPSCC.

Unmatched comparison of Arm I (n=57) and Arm II (n=89) indicated significantly better overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) for Arm I. PSM by matched pairs (n=48, 24 each arm) indicated 5-year OS at 80% and 72.1%, respectively, for Arm I and II (p > 0.05) and corresponding DFS at 65.3% and 33.4% (p > 0.05). Subgroup analysis did not demonstrate statistical difference in outcomes in stage II and III, but stage IV tumors had significantly better outcomes in Arm I than Arm II (4-year OS 100% vs. 21%, p=0.04; DFS 75% vs. 14.3%, p=0.04).

TOS +/- adjuvant was found to have oncological outcomes at par with nonsurgical modalities in stage I-III OPSCC, whereas a distinct survival advantage was noted in case of stage IV tumors.

TOS +/- adjuvant was found to have oncological outcomes at par with nonsurgical modalities in stage I-III OPSCC, whereas a distinct survival advantage was noted in case of stage IV tumors.

The dentatorubrothalamic tract (DRTT) remains understudied in idiopathic cervical dystonia (CD), despite evidence that the pathway is relevant in the pathophysiology of the disorder.

The aim of this study was to examine the DRTT in patients with CD using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based tractography.

Magnetic resonance imaging scans from 67 participants were collected to calculate diffusion tractography metrics using a binary tractography-based DRTT template. Fractional anisotropy and diffusivity measures of left and right DRTT were computed and compared between 32 subjects with CD and 35 age-matched healthy volunteers.

Fractional anisotropy of right DRTT and mean and axial diffusivity of left DRTT were significantly reduced in patients with CD. Selleck (E/Z)-BCI Similar abnormalities were observed in patients with focal CD and patients with CD without tremor. DTI metrics did not correlate with disease duration or severity.

Significant reductions in DTI measures suggest microstructural abnormalities within the DRTT in CD, characterized by a tractography pattern consistent with decreased axonal integrity. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Significant reductions in DTI measures suggest microstructural abnormalities within the DRTT in CD, characterized by a tractography pattern consistent with decreased axonal integrity. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.2D III-nitride materials have been receiving considerable attention recently due to their excellent physicochemical properties, such as high stability, wide and tunable bandgap, and magnetism. Therefore, 2D III-nitride materials can be applied in various fields, such as electronic and photoelectric devices, spin-based devices, and gas detectors. Although the developments of 2D h-BN materials have been successful, the fabrication of other 2D III-nitride materials, such as 2D h-AlN, h-GaN, and h-InN, are still far from satisfactory, which limits the practical applications of these materials. In this review, recent advances in the properties, growth methods, and potential applications of 2D III-nitride materials are summarized. The properties of the 2D III-nitride materials are mainly obtained by first-principles calculations because of the difficulties in the growth and characterizations of these materials. The discussion on the growth of 2D III-nitride materials is focused on 2D h-BN and h-AlN, as the developments of 2D h-GaN and h-InN are yet to be realized. Therefore, applications have been realized mostly based on the 2D h-BN materials; however, many potential applications are cited for the entire range of 2D III-nitride materials. Finally, future research directions and prospects in this field are also discussed.

Primary care providers were assessed regarding their training and interest to screen oral conditions in patients ≥55years old.

Oral health (OH) is an essential component of overall health and can affect systemic health. Medical/dental integration in older adults is underdeveloped.

A brief survey assessed primary care providers' self-reported skills, practices and barriers towards integrating OH screening into adult primary care. Data were collected using Survey Monkey

. Respondents were physicians and advanced practice providers (APPs) working at a large mid-western safety-net hospital. Descriptive statistics, T-tests and Chi-squared tests were reported.

Eighty-two of 202 participants (41%) completed the survey. Most respondents were female (75%). A majority were physicians (68%); the remainder APPs. All providers (100%) reported OH was important or extremely important to overall health. More physicians (93%) reported not being well-trained to address adult OH issues and perceived less medical-oral health integration in their practice (16%) compared to APPs (P<.05). Time was more of a barrier with APPs (74%), compared to physicians (51%), to integrate OH screening activities (P<.05). Most providers reported other barriers such as inadequate OH training and insurance coverage. Providers endorsed that OH should be assessed frequently (56%) including providing referrals to dentists (77%) and educating patients on oral-systemic issues (63%). More female than male providers endorsed dental referrals and educating patients (P<.05).

Primary care providers embraced greater medical/dental integration for older adults. Instituting OH activities appears to be supported. Future interventions that are feasible in primary care settings are examined.

Primary care providers embraced greater medical/dental integration for older adults. Instituting OH activities appears to be supported. Future interventions that are feasible in primary care settings are examined.Systematic reviews of the scientific literature can be an important source of information supporting the daily work of the regulators in their decision making, particularly in areas of innovative technologies where the regulatory experience is still limited. Significant research activities in the field of nanotechnology resulted in a huge number of publications in the last decades. However, even if the published data can provide relevant information, scientific articles are often of diverse quality, and it is nearly impossible to manually process and evaluate such amount of data in a systematic manner. In this feasibility study, we investigated to what extent open-access automation tools can support a systematic review of toxic effects of nanomaterials for health applications reported in the scientific literature. In this study, we used a battery of available tools to perform the initial steps of a systematic review such as targeted searches, data curation and abstract screening. This work was complemented with an in-house developed tool that allowed us to extract specific sections of the articles such as the materials and methods part or the results section where we could perform subsequent text analysis. We ranked the articles according to quality criteria based on the reported nanomaterial characterisation and extracted most frequently described toxic effects induced by different types of nanomaterials. Even if further demonstration of the reliability and applicability of automation tools is necessary, this study demonstrated the potential to leverage information from the scientific literature by using automation systems in a tiered strategy.Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death mediated by a multiprotein complex called the inflammasome through the pro-inflammatory activity of gasdermin D. This study aimed to recognize the final biological product that leads to pore formation in the cell membrane, lysis, pro-inflammatory cytokines release, and the establishment of an immune response. An exhaustive search engine investigation of an elevated immune response can induce a sustained inflammation that directly links this mechanism to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Clinical studies and systematic reviews suggest that gasdermin D is a critical molecule between the immune response and the disease manifestation, which could be considered a therapeutic target for highly prevalent diseases characterized by presenting perpetuated inflammatory processes. Both basic and clinical research show evidence on the expression and regulation of the inflammasome-gasdermin D-pyroptosis trinomial for the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

E-PsEYE is an internet-based, guided self-help course, following the principles of cognitive behavioural therapy, to reduce anxiety and depression in patients with retinal exudative diseases who receive anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and related factors of anxiety and depression in this population and evaluate the usability and feasibility of E-PsEYE.

Symptoms of anxiety and depression and related factors were determined in 90 patients (mean age 77years, 58% female), based on multiple logistic regression analysis. Five patients with mild to moderate depression/anxiety tested the usability of E-PsEYE. They were asked to think aloud while completing two modules of the intervention and freely explore system features. The feasibility of the total E-PsEYE intervention was tested in 14 patients with mild to moderate depression/anxiety, based on a single arm pre-post study with a follow-up of three months fidelity, acceptability, feasibility of study methods and potential effectiveness were explored.