Laugesenbarlow2093
The city of Manaus is the biggest industrial city of the north Brazilian region, and a haphazard urbanization process characterizes it. The continuous urbanization and industrialization processes have increased the levels of trace elements in the urban environment and have posed great threat on human health. It is, then, essential to assess the pollution levels and the potential risks of the trace elements presence in urban soils. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the status of trace elements soils pollution and their human health risks to the population of Manaus City. Twenty-two soil samples were collected from the surface layer (0-20 cm), and the contents of Ba, Cr, Mn, Zn, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd and Pb were analyzed. Results showed the predominance of kaolinite, gibbsite and goethite as the main minerals of the clay fraction. The trace elements contents were affected by both natural sources and anthropic activities such as industrial operations and vehicular emissions. The soil contamination assessment by Enrichment Factor showed the existence of eight samples classified as considerably contaminated and two samples classified as highly contaminated. Geoaccumulation index also showed the existence of eight samples exhibiting considerable contamination and one sample showing high contamination. The non-carcinogenic health risk was considered low (HI 1 × 10-6), indicating that the long exposure to contaminated soils increases the probability of children's cancer occurrence.Numerous studies had focused on the association between air pollution and health outcomes in recent years. However, little evidence is available on associations between air pollutants and premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Therefore, we performed time-series analysis to evaluate the association between PROM and air pollution. The daily average concentrations of PM2.5, SO2 and NO2 were 54.58 μg/m3, 13.06 μg/m3 and 46.09 μg/m3, respectively, and daily maximum 8-h average O3 concentration was 95.67 μg/m3. The strongest effects of SO2, NO2 and O3 were found in lag4, lag06 and lag09, and an increase of 10 μg/m3 in SO2, NO2 and O3 was corresponding to increase in incidence of PROM of 8.74% (95% CI 2.12-15.79%), 3.09% (95% CI 0.64-5.59%) and 1.68% (95% CI 0.28-3.09%), respectively. There were no significant effects of PM2.5 on PROM. Season-specific analyses found that the effects of PM2.5, SO2 and O3 on PROM were more obvious in cold season, but the statistically significant effect of NO2 was observed in warm season. We also found the modifying effects by maternal age on PROM, and we found that the effects of SO2 and NO2 on PROM were higher among younger mothers ( less then 35 years) than advanced age mothers (≥ 35 years); however, ≥ 35 years group were more vulnerable to O3 than less then 35 years group. This study indicates that air pollution exposure is an important risk factor for PROM and we wish this study could provide evidence to local government to take rigid approaches to control emissions of air pollutants.
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the key cancers affecting the bone tissues, primarily occurred in children and adolescence. Recently, chemotherapy followed by surgery and then post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy is widely used for the treatment of OS. However, the lack of selectivity and sensitivity to tumor cells, the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR), and dangerous side effects have restricted the use of chemotherapeutics.
There is an unmet need for novel drug delivery strategies for effective treatment and management of OS. Advances in nanotechnology have led to momentous progress in the design of tumor-targeted drug delivery nanocarriers (NCs) as well as functionalized smart NCs to achieve targeting and to treat OS effectively. GLPG3970 supplier The present review summarizes the drug delivery challenges in OS, and how organic nanoparticulate approaches are useful in overcoming barriers will be explained. The present review describes the various organic nanoparticulate approaches such as conventional nanocarriers,lication.
To propose and validate a variation of the classic techniques for the estimation of the transfer function (TF) of a real pacemaker (PM) lead.
The TF of three commercially available PM leads was measured by combining data from experimental measurements and numerical simulations generated by three sources a) the experimental local SAR at the tip of the PM lead (single measurement point) exposed to a 64MHz birdcage body coil; b) the experimental current distribution along the PM lead, obtained by directly injecting a 64MHz signal inside the lead; c) the electric field (E-field) simulated with a computational model of the 64MHz birdcage body coil adopted in the experimental measurement performed in a). The effect of the lead trajectory on the estimation of the TF was also estimated.
The proposed methodology was validated by comparing the SAR obtained from the PM lead TF with experimental measurements a maximum difference of 2.2dB was observed. It was also shown that the estimation of the TF cannot be considered independent with the lead trajectory a variation of the SAR estimation up to 3.4dB was observed.
For the three PM lead tested, the error in the SAR estimation is within the uncertainty level of SAR measurements (± 2dB). Additionally, the estimation of the TF using the reciprocity principle is influenced by the particular lead trajectory adopted, even if the consequent variability in the SAR estimation is still close to the uncertainty level of SAR measurements.
For the three PM lead tested, the error in the SAR estimation is within the uncertainty level of SAR measurements (± 2 dB). Additionally, the estimation of the TF using the reciprocity principle is influenced by the particular lead trajectory adopted, even if the consequent variability in the SAR estimation is still close to the uncertainty level of SAR measurements.
Dynamic predictors of fluid responsiveness have shown good performance in mechanically ventilated patients at tidal volumes (Vt) > 8mLkg
. Nevertheless, most critically ill conditions demand lower Vt. We sought to evaluate the operative performance of several predictors of fluid responsiveness at Vt ≤ 8mLkg
by using meta-regression and subgroup analyses.
A sensitive search was conducted in the Embase and MEDLINE databases. We searched for studies prospectively assessing the operative performance of pulse pressure variation (PPV), stroke volume variation (SVV), end-expiratory occlusion test (EEOT), passive leg raising (PLR), inferior vena cava respiratory variability (Δ-IVC), mini-fluid challenge (m-FC), and tidal volume challenge (VtC), to predict fluid responsiveness in adult patients mechanically ventilated at Vt ≤ 8mlkg
, without respiratory effort and arrhythmias, published between 1999 and 2020. Operative performance was assessed using hierarchical and bivariate analyses, while subgroup analysis was used to evaluate variations in their operative performance and sources of heterogeneity.
