Ramseylerche8703
There is a high risk of vitamin D (VD) deficiency in the population of southern Chile that can be treated with VD supplements. Weight excess (WE) can influence the response to supplements.
To study the prevalence of VD deficiency and the effect of cholecalciferol (VD3) supplements in healthy children from Punta Arenas, Chile, and evaluate a possible association with nutritional status.
Demographic and anthropometric data, as well as laboratory assessment of serum 25-hidroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and other bone metabolism parameters were evaluated. After baseline evaluation, children were supplemented with VD3 1600 IU/day for one month, after which 25OHD was retested.
Of the 108 children studied, 50% were boys, and had a mean age of 9.6±0.5 years. Nutritional assessment showed that 39% had normal weight, 46% were overweight, and 15% were obese. Median 25OHD was 10.9ng/ml 96.3% had deficiency (<20ng/ml) and 3.7% insufficiency (20-29ng/ml). Severe deficiency was found in 62% (<12ng/ml). Baseline 25OHD was not affected by nutritional status. After supplementation, median 25OHD was 17.5ng/ml 62% had deficiency, 36% insufficiency, and 2% sufficiency (>30ng/ml). Children with WE had a significantly lower increase in 25OHD than children with normal weight (5±5.5 vs. 7.7±4.9, p=03). Children with WE may require 32% higher VD dose than normal weight children to attain the same 25OHD concentration.
Chilean schoolchildren from Punta Arenas have high prevalence of WE and VD deficiency, with a majority in the range of severe VD deficiency. WE interferes in the response to VD supplementation, leading to a lower increase in 25OHD.
Chilean schoolchildren from Punta Arenas have high prevalence of WE and VD deficiency, with a majority in the range of severe VD deficiency. WE interferes in the response to VD supplementation, leading to a lower increase in 25OHD.
The high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a method of respiratory support that is increasingly being used in paediatrics due to its results and safety.
To determine the efficacy of HFNC, as well as to evaluate the factors related to its failure and complications associated with its use in infants.
An analysis was performed on the demographic, clinical, blood gas, and radiological data, as well as the complications of patients connected to a HFNC in a critical care unit between June 2012 and September 2014. A comparison was made between the patients who failed and those who responded to HFNC. A failure was considered as the need for further respiratory support during the first 48hours of connection. MF-438 The Kolmogorov Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U, chi squared and the Exact Fisher test were used, as well as correlations and a binary logistic regression model for P≤.05.
The study included 109 patients, with a median age and weight 1 month (0.2-20 months) and 3.7kg (2-10kg); 95 percentile 3.7 months and 5.7kg, respectNC was only associated with an initial pCO2 ≥ 55mmHg. On there being no complications reported as regards it use, it is considered safe, although a randomised, controlled, multicentre study is required to compare and contrast these results.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia in children, especially in the hospitalized population. The 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine was included in the National Immunization Program of Chile in 2011.This study aims to evaluate the incidence of pneumonia in hospitalized children<24 months of age in the Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital before and after the introduction of the pneumococcal vaccine into the National Immunization Program.
Passive surveillance study. Patients<24 months with discharge diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia from Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital were studied between 2009 and 2013. Data were obtained from the Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital's Statistical Service. The incidence of pneumonia was evaluated in the pre-vaccination period (2009-2010) and in the post-vaccination period (2012-2013).
During the study period, an average of 4,321 discharges/year was observed in children<24 months (range 3,587-4,702), with a significant decrease from pre- to post-vaccinat
The Institutos Teletón care for 85% of the Chilean child population with neuromusculoskeletal disability, the large percentage concentrating in this population. However, there are no registers that enable a profile to be determined on this population.
To determine the profile of patients attending the Instituto Teletón de Santiago during the year 2012.
The sociodemographic characteristics were analyzed from the computerised records of the Instituto Teletón de Santiago on active patients who were seen during the year 2012.
A total of 8,959 patients were seen during the study year in the Instituto Teletón de Santiago. As regards socioeconomic level, 33.3% were in extreme poverty, 28.7% to low-middle level. The main clinical diagnoses were cerebral palsy and other encephalopathies that also lead to motor disability, and accounted for 55.4% of the cases.
As a result of determining this profile, it would be appropriate to encourage the need for a national register of the child population with disability, as well as their particular characteristics in order to make decisions on public policy, as a destination for funds or support programs.
As a result of determining this profile, it would be appropriate to encourage the need for a national register of the child population with disability, as well as their particular characteristics in order to make decisions on public policy, as a destination for funds or support programs.
Housing interventions aimed at overcoming poverty can lead to changes in the health status of children by modifying risk factors in their physical and social environment
the aim was to identify children's environmental health factors to change with the relocation of families from slums to public housing.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in children ages 2-8 years old of families relocated to public housing (n=115) who were compared to children residing in slums (n=88) in Santiago, Chile. Family socioeconomic characteristics, indoor environment and neighborhoods were collected. It was included respiratory symptoms, accidents and maternal-child care of children. χ2, Fisher and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare groups.
There were differences in households related to pets keeping, presence of humidity/molds in homes, types of fuels, and perceived safety problems in neighborhoods (p<0.05). The families from slums reported higher tenancy of pets (73.8% v/s 32.2%%), humidity/molds in homes (43.,2% v/s 18.3%), use of wood for heating (39.8% v/s 0.0%), compared with families of public housing. Residents of public housing perceived more safety problems in neighborhood, and children have more asthma related symptoms and have lower diversity of accidents in home.
Among the factors studied, indoor air quality and safety in neighborhoods could be linked to changes from the relocation of families. This reinforces the need to deepen the positive and negative influences of residential mobility of these groups focused on child welfare perspective.
Among the factors studied, indoor air quality and safety in neighborhoods could be linked to changes from the relocation of families. This reinforces the need to deepen the positive and negative influences of residential mobility of these groups focused on child welfare perspective.Due to its role in regulation of mitochondrial function, PGC1α is emerging as an important player in ageing and neurodegenerative disorders. PGC1α exerts its neuroprotective effects by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) and functioning. However, the precise regulatory role of PGC1α in the control of mitochondrial dynamics (MD) and neurotoxicity is still unknown. Here we elucidate the role of PGC1αin vitro and in vivo in the regulatory context of MB and MD in response to lead (II) acetate as a relevant model of neurotoxicity. We show that there is an adaptive response (AR) to lead, orchestrated by the BAP31-calcium signalling system operating between the ER and mitochondria. We find that this hormetic response is controlled by a cell-tolerated increase of PGC1α expression, which in turn induces a balanced expression of fusion/fission genes by binding to their promoters and implying its direct role in regulation of MD. However, dysregulation of PGC1α expression through either stable downregulation or overexpression, renders cells more susceptible to lead insult leading to mitochondrial fragmentation and cell death. Our data provide novel evidence that PGC1α expression is a key regulator of MD and the maintenance of tolerated PGC1α expression may offer a promising strategy for neuroprotective therapies.Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and dynorphin are neuropeptides that are associated with the negative emotional states. Experimental evidence indicates that dynorphin neurons located in the nucleus accumbens and CRF neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) mediate anxiety-like behaviors immediately after the stressful experience (24-48h). The present study was done to evaluate if changes in the levels of the mRNA for these peptides in the striatum, BST, and CeA were associated with the long-lasting avoidance of novelty, a measure of an anxiety-like state, in a subset of rats exposed to unpredictable and moderately intense footshocks (5×2s of 1.5mA). Shocked rats with enhanced fear to a novel tone 24h after the footshocks (high responders; HR) displayed long-lasting avoidance in the elevated T-maze whereas shocked rats with low levels of acute fear (low responders; LR) had low levels of avoidance similar to nonshocked rats. An increase in the level of proCRF mRNA was detected in the CeA of the HR compared to LR and nonshocked rats but not in other areas of the brain sampled. In contrast, prodynorphin and proenkephalin mRNA levels in the striatum, BST and CeA were not different between HR, LR and nonshocked rats. This study provides evidence that CRF neurons in the CeA may play a role in the anxiety-like state produced in a subset of rats exposed to footshocks.Bile acids (BAs) are crucial for the diagnosis, follow-up, and prognostics of liver injuries and other BA metabolism related diseases. In particular, rodent unique BAs, α-muricholic acid (α-MCA), β-MCA, ω-MCA, tauro-α-MCA (α-TMCA), and β-TMCA, are valuable biomarkers for preclinical drug development. To the best of our knowledge, however, a simple, selective, sensitive, and robust analytical method for ω-MCA and taurine-conjugated MCAs has never been reported. We have developed a simple, selective, and sensitive analytical method for measurement of 16 BAs including the five rodent unique BAs in rat plasma using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS) method. Activated charcoal was utilized to prepare BA-free plasma, which served as the surrogate matrix for the preparation of calibration standards and quality control (QC) samples. Results of matrix effects evaluation suggested that the BA-free plasma could be adequate as a surrogate matrix for BAs determination.
