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Multiple linear regression showed that changes in crystalline lens tilt depended on angle [alpha] (p<.01) and anterior chamber depth (ACD; P=.008), while crystalline lens decentration depended on angle [kappa] (P=.003), age (P<.01), and angle [alpha] (P=.002).

Although there was a significant difference in crystalline lens tilt and decentration among age groups, the variation in the crystalline lens position was partially affected by age. Selleck DMX-5084 The crystalline lens tilt was greater in eyes with wider angle [alpha] and shallower ACD, while crystalline lens decentration was greater in younger eyes with wider angles [kappa] and [alpha].

Although there was a significant difference in crystalline lens tilt and decentration among age groups, the variation in the crystalline lens position was partially affected by age. The crystalline lens tilt was greater in eyes with wider angle [alpha] and shallower ACD, while crystalline lens decentration was greater in younger eyes with wider angles [kappa] and [alpha].The secondary structure is important in protein structure analysis, classification, and modeling. We have developed a novel method for secondary structure assignment, termed PSIQUE, based on the potential energy surface (PES) of polyalanine obtained using an infinitely long chain model and density functional theory calculations. First, uniform protein segments are determined in terms of a difference of quaternions between neighboring amino acids along the protein backbone. Then, the identification of the secondary structure motifs is carried out based on the minima found in the PES. PSIQUE shows good agreement with other secondary structure assignment methods. However, it provides better discrimination of subtle secondary structures (e.g., helix types) and termini and produces more uniform segments while also accounting for local distortions. Overall, PSIQUE provides a precise and reliable assignment of secondary structures, so it should be helpful for the detailed characterization of the protein structure.At the cellular level, cancer is the disease of both the genome and the epigenome, and the interplay between genetic mutations and epigenetic states may occur at the level of elementary chromatin units, the nucleosomes. They are formed by a segment of DNA wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins. In this review, we survey various mechanisms of cancer etiology and progression mediated by histones and nucleosomes. In particular, we discuss the effects of mutations in histones, changes in their expression and slicing on epigenetic dysregulation and carcinogenesis. The links between cancer phenotypes and differential expression of histone variants and isoforms are summarized. Finally, we discourse the geometric and steric effects of DNA compaction in nucleosomes on DNA mutation rate, interactions with transcription factors, including pioneer transcription factors, and prospects of cancer cells' genome and epigenome editing.In this paper, we report the synthesis of silver selenite (Ag2SeO3) by different methods [sonochemistry, ultrasonic probe, coprecipitation, and microwave-assisted hydrothermal methods]. These microcrystals presented a structural long-range order as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinements and a structural short-range order as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provided information about the surface of the samples indicating that they were pure. The microcrystals presented different morphologies and sizes due to the synthesis method as observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The optical properties of these microcrystals were evaluated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Thermal analysis confirmed the temperature stability of the as-synthetized samples. Further trapping experiments prove that the holes and hydroxyl radicals, to a minor extent, are responsible for the photocatalytic reactions. The experimental results are sustained by first-principles calculations, at the density functional theory (DFT) level, to decipher the structural parameters, electronic properties of the bulk, and surfaces of Ag2SeO3. By matching the experimental FE-SEM images and theoretical morphologies, we are capable of finding a correlation between the morphology and photocatalytic activity, along with photodegradation of the Rhodamine B dye under UV light, based on the different numbers of unsaturated superficial Ag and Se cations (local coordination, i.e., clusters) of each surface.Vertical measurements are essential for the characterization of aerosol and boundary layer interactions; yet, our knowledge of vertical profiles of primary and secondary aerosol species in megacities is limited. Here, we conducted comprehensive vertical measurements of aerosol particle composition on a 325 m meteorological tower with two aerosol chemical speciation monitors in winter in urban Beijing. The simultaneous measurements at ground level, 140, and 240 m illustrated similar aerosol bulk composition at these three heights. However, the vertical ratios varied significantly among different aerosol species. Particularly, the vertical ratios of the aqueous phase and photochemical-related secondary organic aerosol (SOA) (aqOOA/OOA) decreased significantly, accompanied by the increases in ratios of secondary to primary OA, highlighting different chemical properties of OA between ground level and aloft, and the large impacts of vertical changes in meteorology and gaseous precursors on SOA formation. The vertical changes in NO3/SO4 ratios, however, were mostly insignificant, likely due to the low relative humidity and aerosol water content that inhibited nocturnal heterogeneous reactions in the residual layer. Considerable increases in the ratios of 240 m to ground level in the early morning were also observed for most aerosol species, demonstrating impact of residual layer on the air pollution of 2nd day.Ideal controlled pulmonary drug delivery systems provide sustained release by retarding lung clearance mechanisms and efficient lung deposition to maintain therapeutic concentrations over prolonged time. Here, we use atomic layer deposition (ALD) to simultaneously tailor the release and aerosolization properties of inhaled drug particles without the need for lactose carrier. In particular, we deposit uniform nanoscale oxide ceramic films, such as Al2O3, TiO2, and SiO2, on micronized budesonide particles, a common active pharmaceutical ingredient for the treatment of respiratory diseases. In vitro dissolution and ex vivo isolated perfused rat lung tests demonstrate dramatically slowed release with increasing nanofilm thickness, regardless of the nature of the material. Ex situ transmission electron microscopy at various stages during dissolution unravels mostly intact nanofilms, suggesting that the release mechanism mainly involves the transport of dissolution media through the ALD films. Furthermore, in vitro aerosolization testing by fast screening impactor shows a ∼2-fold increase in fine particle fraction (FPF) for each ALD-coated budesonide formulation after 10 ALD process cycles, also applying very low patient inspiratory pressures.