Trevinokorsgaard9434

Female phenotypes had single ovary, either in stage 0 or 1. Ovo-testis/testis-ova were absent in XX or XY gonads. GO (2.5-20 mg/L) had inconsistent concentration-dependent effect in both SPGs and SPTs; however, no effect on ovarian follicles. Despite genotypic differences (XY/XX), in the histopathology/histochemistry of liver and kidneys GO effects was found to be minimum. Taken together, present study showed spontaneous induction of SR in some XX genotypes; however, exposure of fasting fries to GO had no apparent EDC effects.The use of biological reactors to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from waste gas streams has proven to be a cost-effective and sustainable technique. However, hydrophobic VOCs exhibit low removal, mainly due to their limited bioavailability for the microorganisms. Different strategies to enhance their removal in bio(trickling)filters have been developed with promising results. In this review, two strategies, i.e. the use of surfactants and hydrophilic compounds, for enhancing the removal of hydrophobic VOCs in bio(trickling)filters are discussed. The complexity of the processes and mechanisms behind both strategies are addressed to fully understand and exploit their potential and rapid implementation at full-scale. Mass transfer and biological aspects are discussed for each strategy, and an in-depth comparison between studies carried out over the last two decades has been performed. This review identifies additional strategies to further improve the application of (bio)surfactants and/or hydrophilic VOCs, and it provides recommendations for future studies in this field.The pulsed magnetic field (PMF) was adopted for the enhancement of lipid in Chlorella vulgaris. The average biomass and lipid content in outdoor conditions were found to be 0.315 g.L-1 and 20-25% respectively. The effect of magnetic flux density in the range of 600-900 mG on biomass production and lipid content was studied. A magnetic flux density of 700 mG at 1Hz for 4 h per day was found to be optimum, which yielded a maximum dry cell weight of 0.61 g.L-1, two-fold than the normal condition, with a lipid content of 55.2%. Smad phosphorylation FTIR analysis evidenced that the PMF treatment increased the active oxygen, which could be attributed to the enhancement of growth and lipid of C. vulgaris.In this work, a series of spindle-like CeO2 supports with different contents of surface oxygen vacancies were fabricated by an in-situ atmosphere thermal pyrolysis method. Due to the unique surface physicochemical properties of the modified CeO2 supports, the interaction between Pt and CeO2 can be regulated during the synthesis of the Pt/CeO2 catalyst. The abundant oxygen vacancies on the CeO2 support could preferentially trap Pt2+ ions in solution during the Pt impregnation process and enhance the Pt-CeO2 interaction in the subsequent reduction process, which results in the strongest Pt-O-Ce bonds formed on the PCH catalysts successfully (0.6% Pt loading on the CH support, which generated by thermal pyrolysis of Ce(OH)CO3 under H2 atmosphere). The strong Pt-O-Ce bond would trigger abundant surface oxygen species generated and enhanced the lattice oxygen species transfer from CeO2 supports to Pt nanoparticles. It was crucial to boosting the toluene catalytic activity. Therefore, the PCH catalyst exhibits the highest activity for toluene oxidation (T10 = 120 °C, T50 = 138 °C, and T90 = 150 °C with WHSV = 60,000 mL g-1 h-1) and remarkable durability and water resistance among all catalysts. We also conclude that the Pt-O-Ce bond may be the active site for toluene oxidation by calculating the turnover frequencies (TOFPt-O-Ce) value for all Pt/CeO2 catalysts. Moreover, the DFT calculation indicates that the Pt/CeO2 catalyst with a strong Pt-O-Ce bond possesses the lowest oxygen absorption energy and higher CO tolerance ability, which leads to excellent catalytic performance for toluene and CO catalytic oxidation.The hydrophobicity properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) found in tropical peat water has an impact on the formation of carcinogenic DBPs such as trihalomethanes-4 (THM4) and haloacetic acids-5 (HAA5). This study was conducted to determine the effect of microbubble ozonation on changes in DOM fraction and its effect on the formation of THM4 and HAA5. Alum coagulation and activated carbon adsorption were carried out to reduce the DOM concentration before microbubble ozonation. Microbubble ozonation was carried out at acidic (pH 5.5), neutral (pH 7) and alkaline (pH 8.5) conditions to determine the effect of pH. Coagulation and adsorption of activated carbon were successful in reducing the presence of the hydrophobic acid fraction (HPOA) in peat water completely, but the transphilic (TPH), charged hydrophilic (HPIC) and neutral hydrophilic (HPIN) fractions remained in the water. Microbubble ozonation succeeded in decreasing the presence of TPH fraction but increased the formation of HPIC and HPIN. The degradation of the TPH fraction resulted in reduced formation of chlorinated THM4 and HAA5 (C-THM4 and C-HAA5). On the other hand, the formation of HPIC and HPIN fractions increased the formation of brominated THM4 and HAA5 (B-THM4 and B-HAA5) after the final chlorination process.A three-dimensional electrochemical reactor with Ti/SnO2-Sb/β-PbO2 anode and granular activated carbon (3DER-GAC) particle electrodes were used for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). Process modeling and optimization were performed using an orthogonal central composite design (OCCD) and genetic algorithm (GA), respectively. Ti/SnO2-Sb/β-PbO2 anode was prepared by electrochemical deposition method and then its properties were studied by FESEM, EDX, XRD, Linear sweep voltammetry and accelerated lifetime test techniques. The results showed that lead oxide was precipitated as highly compact pyramidal clusters in the form of β-PbO2 on the electrode surface. In addition, the prepared anode had high stability (170 h) and oxygen evolution potential (2.32 V). A robust quadratic model (p-value 0.99) was developed to predict the 2,4-DCP removal efficiency in the 3DER-GAC system. Under optimal conditions (pH = 4.98, Na2SO4 concentration = 0.07 M, current density = 35 mA cm-2, GAC amount = 25 g and reaction time = 50 min), the removal efficiency of 2,4-DCP in the 3DER-GAC system and the separate electrochemical degradation process (without GAC particle electrode) were 99.8 and 71%, respectively. At a reaction time of 80 min, the TOC removal efficiencies in the 3DER-GAC and the separate electrochemical degradation system were 100 and 57.5%, respectively. Accordingly, the energy consumed in these two systems was calculated to be 0.81 and 1.57 kWh g-1 TOC, respectively. Based on the results of LC-MS analysis, possible degradation pathways of 2,4-DCP were proposed. Trimerization and ring opening reactions were the two dominant mechanisms in 2,4-DCP degradation.Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), recognized as emerging pollutant, has been frequently detected in aquatic environment. However, effects induced by SMX and the underneath mechanism on non-target aquatic organisms, marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), are still largely unknown. In present study, marine mussels were exposed to SMX (nominal concentrations 0.5, 50 and 500 μg/L) for 6 days, followed by 6 days depuration and responses of antioxidant defenses, e.g. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), etc., at transcriptional, translational and functional levels were evaluated in two vital tissues, gills and digestive glands. Results showed SMX can be accumulated in mussels while the bio-accumulative ability was low under the experimental condition. A systemic but not completely synchronous antioxidant defense at different levels upon SMX exposure. The transcriptional alteration was more sensitive and had the potential to be used as early warning of SMX induced ecotoxicity. Complementary function of antioxidant enzymes with specific alteration of metabolism related gene (gst) suggested that further researches should focused on SMX metabolism and SMX induced effects simultaneously. Significant tissue-specific antioxidant responses were discovered and gills showed earlier and quicker reacting ability than digestive glands, which was closely related to the functional diversity and different thresholds of xenobiotics allowance.The accumulated bauxite mine soil had an acidic pH of 5.52 ± 0.12 and more heavy metals such as Cr, Cd, Zn, and Pb, which can cause severe soil and water pollution to the nearby farmlands and water reservoirs. Hence, the work was designed to find the possibility of reclamation of bauxite mine soil through Crotalaria juncea with the amalgamation of native metal degrading bacterial isolates. Out of 15 bacterial cultures, only 2 isolates (B3 and B14) showed excellent metal tolerance (for up to 750 mg L-1), solubilizing (15.27-38.7 mg kg-1) (including phosphate 47.4 ± 1.79%), and degrading potential (22.8 ± 0.89 to 31.5 ± 1.6%) than the others. These B3 and B14 isolates were recognized as B. borstelensis UTM105 (1432 bp) and B. borstelensis AK2 (1494 bp) through molecular characterization. These isolates have produced a metal stress response protein (205-43 KDa molecular weight protein) during metal stress conditions. The phytoremediation competence of C. juncea under the influence of these bacterial isolates was assessed with various treatment (I-IV) schemes. The treatment IV (C. juncea with two bacterial isolates) showed substantial physiological and biochemical results compared with the control and the other treatments. The phytoremediation competence of C. juncea was also effective in treatment IV than the others. It reduced and extracted a reasonable quantity of metals from the bauxite mine soil. The intact results accomplished that these native metals tolerant, solubilizing, and degrading bacterial isolates, could be used as optimistic bacterial candidates in combination with C. juncea for the effective reclamation of metal enriched bauxite mine soil.The Hg isotopic composition of 1-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies) shoots collected from Saarland cornurbation Warndt, Germany, since 1985 by the German Environmental Specimen Bank, were measured for a better understanding of the temporal trends of Hg sources. The isotopic data showed that Hg was mainly taken up as gaseous element mercury (GEM) and underwent oxidation in the spruce needles; this led to a significant decrease in the δ202Hg compared with the atmospheric Hg isotopic composition observed for deciduous leaves and epiphytic lichens. Observation of the odd mass-independent isotopic fractionation (MIF) indicated that Δ199Hg and Δ201Hg were close to but slightly lower than the actual values recorded from the atmospheric measurement of the GEM isotopic composition in non-contaminated sites in U.S. and Europe, whereas observation of the even-MIF indicated almost no differences for Δ200Hg. This confirmed that GEM is a major source of Hg accumulation in spruce shoots. Interestingly, the Hg isotopic composition in the spruce shoots did not change very significantly during the study period of >30 years, even as the Hg concentration decreased significantly. Even-MIF (Δ200Hg) and mass-dependent fractionation (MDF) (δ202Hg) of the Hg isotopes exhibited slight decrease with time, whereas odd-MIF did not show any clear trend. These results suggest a close link between the long-term evolution of GEM isotopic composition in the air and the isotopic composition of bioaccumulated Hg altered by mass-dependent fraction in the spruce shoots.