Mcelroywelch6417

A variety of emerging medical imaging technologies based on artificial intelligence have been widely applied in many diseases, but they are still limited used in the cerebrovascular field even though the diseases can lead to catastrophic consequences.

This work aims to discuss the current challenges and future directions of artificial intelligence technology in cerebrovascular diseases through reviewing the existing literature related to applications in terms of computer-aided detection, prediction and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.

Based on artificial intelligence applications in four representative cerebrovascular diseases including intracranial aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, arteriosclerosis and moyamoya disease, this paper systematically reviews studies published between 2006 and 2021 in five databases National Center for Biotechnology Information, Elsevier Science Direct, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Web of Science and Springer Link. And three refinement steps were further conducted after identifying relevant literature from these databases.

For the popular research topic, most of the included publications involved computer-aided detection and prediction of aneurysms, while studies about arteriovenous malformation, arteriosclerosis and moyamoya disease showed an upward trend in recent years. For the algorithms, both conventional machine learning and deep learning algorithms were utilized in these publications, but machine learning techniques accounted for a larger proportion.

Algorithms related to artificial intelligence, especially deep learning, are promising tools for medical imaging analysis and will enhance the performance of computer-aided detection, prediction and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.

Algorithms related to artificial intelligence, especially deep learning, are promising tools for medical imaging analysis and will enhance the performance of computer-aided detection, prediction and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are about 22-nucleotide, small, non-coding RNAs that control gene expression post-transcriptionally. Helminth parasites usually express a unique repertoire of genes, including miRNAs, across different developmental stages with subtle regulatory mechanisms.

There is a necessity to investigate the involvement of miRNAs in the development of parasites, host-parasite interaction, immune evasion and their abilities to govern infection in hosts. miRNAs present in helminth parasites have been summarized in the current systematic review (SR).

Electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Embase, and Google Scholar search engine, were searched to identify helminth miRNA studies published from February 1993 till December 2019. Only the published articles in English were included in the study.

A total of 1769 articles were preliminarily recorded. Following the strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, 105 studies were included in this SR. Most of these studies focused on the identification of miRNAs in helminth parasites and/or probing of differentially expressed host miRNA profiles in specific relevant tissues, while 12 studies aimed to detect parasite-derived miRNAs in host circulating system and 15 studies characterized extracellular vesicles (EV)-derived miRNAs secreted by parasites.

In the current SR, information regarding all miRNAs expressed in helminth parasites has been comprehensively provided and the utility of helminth parasites-derived miRNAs in diagnosis and control of parasitic infections has been discussed. Furthermore, functional studies on helminth-derived miRNAs have also been presented.

In the current SR, information regarding all miRNAs expressed in helminth parasites has been comprehensively provided and the utility of helminth parasites-derived miRNAs in diagnosis and control of parasitic infections has been discussed. 2-DG ic50 Furthermore, functional studies on helminth-derived miRNAs have also been presented.

In over 300 million clinical cases, antidepressant drugs seem to provide only symptomatic relief and limited protection in life-threatening depressive events.

To compare neuronal-signaling mechanism and neuroprotective roles of Thymoquinone (TQ) suspension and its SLN (TQSLN) against standard antidepressant drug fluoxetine.

This research investigated in-silico docking at NF-KB p50 active site, CLSM based gut permeation, screening of antidepressant activities and neurosignaling pathways involved.

As compared to fluoxetine, TQ reporteda significantly better docking score (-6.83 v/s -6.22) and a better lower free binding energy of (-34.715 Kcal/mol v/s -28.537 Kcal/mol). While poorly oral bioavailable and P-gp substrate TQ reported approximately 250% higher gut permeation if delivered as TQSLN formulation. In locomotor studies, as compared to TQS, TQSLN favored more prominent (p < 0.010) elevation in average time, horizontal-activity, average-velocity, and total-movement with reduced rest time LPS tredepressive neurobehavioral states.Metformin is an old, inexpensive and relatively safe anti-diabetic medication which can decrease the increased risk of several types of cancer in patients with diabetes. Recent meta-analyses revealed that metformin markedly decreased the incidence of colorectal adenoma, advanced adenoma and colorectal cancer (CRC) among patients with diabetes. Potential mechanisms by which metformin may decrease colorectal cancer risk include its effects on ameliorating intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis, suppressing major proliferative pathways, preventing DNA replication, accelerating tumor cells apoptosis, inhibiting intra-tumor angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), increasing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CD68+ tumor-associated macrophages, and enhancing T cell cytotoxicity activity. It was uncovered that metformin can improve overall survival and CRC-specific survival among patients with diabetes and CRC. Interestingly, metformin decreased the incidence of colonic adenoma in patients with acromegaly and reduced the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) among patients with diabetes, which can indirectly lower the risk of CRC. Results of phase II clinical trials revealed that metformin can enhance the anti-cancer effects of chemotherapeutic agents, such as 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and irinotecan on refractory CRC. Furthermore, metformin decreased the risk of new polyps and adenomas in patients without diabetes. Regarding the results of previous preclinical and clinical studies, it is rational to assess the effect of metformin in normoglycemic patients with CRC and expand its clinical application for treating CRC or preventing it in a high-risk population.

Pre-gestational diabetes can pose significant risk to the mother and infant, thus requiring careful counselling and management. Since Saint Vincent's declaration in 1989, adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, such as preeclampsia, perinatal mortality, congenital anomalies, and macrosomia, continue to be associated with type 1 diabetes. Although pregnancy is not considered an independent risk factor for the development of new onset microvascular complications, it is known to exacerbate pre-existing microvascular disease. Strict glycaemic control is the optimal management for pre-existing type 1 diabetes in pregnancy, as raised HbA1C is associated with increased risk of maternal and fetal complications. More recently, time in range on Continuous Glucose Monitoring glucose profiles has emerged as another useful evidence-based marker of fetal outcomes.

This review summarises the complications associated with pre-gestational type 1 diabetes, appropriate evidence-based management, including preparing for pregnancy, intrapartum and postpartum care.

A structured search of the PubMed and Cochrane databases was conducted. Peer-reviewed articles about complications and management guidelines on pre-gestational type 1 diabetes were selected and critically appraised.

One hundred and twenty-three manuscripts were referenced and appraised in this review, and international guidelines were summarised.

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recurring themes in the literature pertaining to type 1 diabetes in pregnancy maternal and fetal complications, microvascular disease progression, and an overview of current guideline-specific management.

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recurring themes in the literature pertaining to type 1 diabetes in pregnancy maternal and fetal complications, microvascular disease progression, and an overview of current guideline-specific management.Diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease are considered the most prevalent diseases in older ages worldwide. The main pathology of Alzheimer's disease is highly related with accumulation of misfolded proteins that lead to neuronal dysfunction in the brain. On the other hand, diabetes mellitus is associated with alteration of insulin signaling, which could cause the reduction of glu-cose uptake, metabolic prohibition of energy consuming cells, as well as suppression of glucose to fat conversion in the liver. In spite of having seemingly different pathological features, both dis-eases share common underlying biological mechanisms. Besides, the epidemiological and envi-ronmental links between these two diseases should not be overlooked. In this study, we aim to review shared pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus, including impaired glucose metabolism, increased Amyloid-Beta (Aβ) production, impaired lipid metabo-lism, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased inflammation and elevated oxidative stress. Further-more, we discuss epidemiological/environmental association between these two diseases and also review animal investigations, which have evaluated the potential links between the two diseases.Phytochemicals are the most valuable and comprehensive structures, which may have a broad range of protective benefits, from reducing inflammation and speeding healing to preventing infection and fighting cancer. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural phenolic compound from the oligomeric stilbenoid group, which is usually found in human daily diets such as grape, peanut, berries and grains. It exhibits anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, antioxidant and cancer prevention and treatment effects. RSV is thought to have an impressive outcome in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment through the vital molecules and cancer signaling pathways, including SIRT1, P53, P21, AMPK, ROS, BMP7, COX-2, NO, Caspases, Wnt, TNFs, NF-κB, EMT, and pentose phosphate pathway. Therefore, this paper reviews the current researches on resveratrol pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetic and drug delivery system, as well as clinical studies in CRC.Natural products have been proven as the main source of biologically active compounds, which are potentially useful for drug development. As one of the most studied pentacyclic triterpenes, oleanolic acid (OA) exhibits a broad range of biological activities and serves as a good scaffold for the development of novel derivatives that could be vital in drug discovery for various ailments. Up to now, many of its derivatives with multiple bioactivities have been prepared through chemical modification. This review summarizes the recent reports of OA derivatives (2016-present) and their biological effects and action mechanisms in vitro and in vivo models, and discusses the design of novel and potent derivatives.