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Seventy-four patients were recruited and 71completed the study (GroupC, n=37; GroupD, n=34). Our findings showed a prolongation of the mean time of the sensitive blockade in GroupD (1440±0min vs. Selleck TGFbeta inhibitor 1267±164min, p<0.001). It was observed that GroupC had a higher mean pain score according to VAS (2.08±1.72 vs. 0.02±0.17, p<0.001) and a greater number of patients (68.4%vs.0%, p<0.001) required rescue analgesia in the first24hours. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was not statistically significant.

Perineural dexamethasone significantly prolonged the sensory blockade promoted by levobupivacaine in interscalene brachial plexus block, reduced pain intensity and rescue analgesia needs in the postoperative period.

Perineural dexamethasone significantly prolonged the sensory blockade promoted by levobupivacaine in interscalene brachial plexus block, reduced pain intensity and rescue analgesia needs in the postoperative period.While it is well established that individuals with schizophrenia exhibit a wide range of neurocognitive deficits, there is significant heterogeneity in this regard. Impairments in verbal fluency appear to present consistently across most individuals with the illness. The present study examined the stability of verbal fluency abilities in chronic schizophrenia longitudinally. It was hypothesized that semantic but not phonemic verbal fluency performance would be stable over one year. Data was extracted from a larger study that followed 53 outpatients (70% male; mean age = 39.2 years) diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. At each testing interval (baseline, 6, and 12 months), the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia was administered, which included phonemic (i.e., F, S) and semantic (i.e., animals) verbal fluency tasks. No significant differences were found across time points for semantic and phonemic verbal fluency with respect to mean number of words generated, clustering, and switching. The findings provide evidence of stability in semantic and phonemic verbal fluency abilities in chronic schizophrenia. Moving forward, it would be valuable to examine verbal fluency performance longitudinally across multiple stages of illness (i.e., clinically high-risk to chronic schizophrenia).The COVID-19 has sent billions of students worldwide into lockdown. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and identify the factors associated with anxiety among French students during lockdown.A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect sociodemographic data, living and learning conditions, anxiety symptoms and social support. Among 3936 students, 15.2%, experienced moderate anxiety and 9.8%, severe anxiety.Female gender (OR=2.2, 95% CI 1.8-2.7) and having relatives or acquaintances from their housing hospitalized for COVID-19 (OR=3.3, 95% CI 1.4-7.9) were the main risk factors for anxiety. Tensions at home (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.5-2.1), difficulties isolating (OR=1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.6), noises inside (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.3-1.9) or outside the housing (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.3-1.8), no direct outdoor access (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.3-2.0), delay in final examination (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.3-2.1), reduced time for learning (OR=1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6), increased tobacco consumption (OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.4-2.6), ineffectiveness of using media entertainment (OR=2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.4) and reading (OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.3-2.7) to calm down, were identified as risk factors. Family (OR=0.85, 95% CI 0.8-0.91) and friend (OR=0.88, 95% CI 0.82-0.94) support were protective factors. This suggests the need to focus on students during epidemics, especially those living with someone hospitalized with COVID-19.Psychotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD) while pharmacotherapy should be considered only as an adjunctive intervention. In clinical practice, however, most of BPD patients only receive medication. The aim of the study is to first describe pharmacological treatment in BPD patients in Italy and secondly to evaluate if comorbidity or illness severity are associated with the prescription of different class compounds. Data on pharmacological treatment and clinical evaluation of 75 BPD patients were collected in 5 clinical settings. The association between comorbidity and medication was assessed. Moreover, we evaluated the association between pharmacotherapy and severity, defined by a cluster analysis aimed at detecting different groups of patients. Most of the participants (82.7%) were characterized by polypharmacy, with a mean of 2.4 medications per person. Interestingly, the prescription didn't seem to depend on/be based on the severity of the disorder and was only partially determined by the presence of comorbidity. In conclusion, our findings are similar to what described in other clinical studies, supporting the idea that medication management for BPD is only partially coherent with international guidelines. This pilot study confirms the need for more rigorous studies to gain greater understanding of this topic and diminish the gap between guidelines and the real clinical world.Insomnia is a risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular events, and this association is strongest for sleep-onset insomnia. This study explored morning cardiovascular function in individuals with sleep-onset insomnia by analysing heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability, and baroreflex sensitivity. Sleep quality of fifteen good sleepers and 13 individuals with sleep-onset insomnia was measured by overnight polysomnography, followed by continuous recordings of the participant's blood pressure and heart rate for 10 min immediately after they had woken up the following morning. After morning awakening (averaged time 12.33 ± 10.48 min), a significantly reduced vagal tone assessed by HRV, including lower total power of HRV, lower high frequency of HRV, and elevated slopes of systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure in the morning with a blunted baroreflex sensitivity in the insomnia group were noted, compared to the control group. No differences in sympathetic-related activity were observed.