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As of the 30th of October 2020, the 95 % credible interval of the estimated SARS-CoV-2 positive population does not exceed 318, 685, approximately 0.62 % of the Korean population.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42952-021-00131-7.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42952-021-00131-7.

This study aimed at describing the experience of academic staff and students with distance education, during the COVID-19 pandemic, at a college of pharmacy in Saudi Arabia.

This study used a mixed-method approach. The first phase implemented a survey that targeted both academic staff and students to evaluate their experiences with distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Then, a focus group discussion was conducted to explore, in-depth, their experience. The survey consisted of five domains as follows readiness for the shift to distance education during the full and partial lockdown, perception towards distance education, barriers against distance education, and the acquisitions due to distance education. A five-point Likert scale was used to assess participants' responses to the different domains (mean score ± standard deviation).

Seventy-eight percent of the academic staff and 65% of the students responded to the survey. Participants' views were positive for readiness for the shift to distancand highlighted areas for improvement.

Although the shift for distance education was out of a sudden, participants showed overall positive views about their experience with distance education and highlighted areas for improvement.

The effectiveness and simplicity of the procedure and the low expense are the main advantages of silver diamine fluoride (SDF). It is useful for controlling caries in challenging patients such as those with special health care needs (SHCN). First aim of this study was to assess parents' acceptance towards using SDF in SHCN children in their primary and permanent teeth. Second aim was to determine the factors that influence parents' decisions toward dental treatment options.

This descriptive cross-sectional study included the parents of SHCN children aged 12 years old and younger who were actively seen in pediatric dentistry clinic at King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) and were receiving dental treatment. A previously developed and tested questionnaire was used. The surveyors received training about the questionnaire and participants' consent was obtained before enrolling in the survey. The statistical significance level was set at P<0.05.

Two hundred twelve participants completed the study questionnaire. Parents had a higher acceptance of SDF use regardless of the tooth location and type when their child had a positive history of pain and/or inflammation (P=0.019). ABBV744 In addition, parents had higher acceptance of SDF staining in primary teeth compared to permanent teeth (P=0.006). Moreover, the acceptance of SDF staining was higher in posterior teeth compared to anterior teeth in both primary and permanent dentition (P<0.001).

Parental acceptance of SDF was higher for primary compared to permanent teeth and posterior compared to anterior teeth in both dentitions, as well as for those with a positive history of dental pain and/or inflammation.

Parental acceptance of SDF was higher for primary compared to permanent teeth and posterior compared to anterior teeth in both dentitions, as well as for those with a positive history of dental pain and/or inflammation.

The anticancer properties of metformin have been suggested in numerous experimental studies and several retrospective clinical studies show that its use is associated with improved outcome of patients with cancer. However, limited data are available for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with targeted therapy. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the impact of the metformin use on survival of mRCC patients treated with sunitinib or pazopanib.

Clinical data from 343 patients with mRCC treated with sunitinib or pazopanib in the first line were analyzed. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared according to the use of metformin.

The median PFS and OS for patients using metformin was 31.1 (95% CI 20.6-35.1) and 51.6 (95% CI 44.7-NR) months compared to 9.3 (95% CI 8.0-12.0) and 22.4 (95% CI 19.4-26.8) months for patients not using metformin (

<0.0001 and

=0.0002, respectively). Cox multivariate analysis shows that the use of metformin remains a significant factor for PFS (HR=0.55 [95% CI 0.343-0.883],

=0.013) and also for OS (HR=0.45 [95% CI 0.256-0.794],

=0.006).

The present study results suggest that the use of metformin was associated with favorable outcome of mRCC patients treated with sunitinib or pazopanib.

The present study results suggest that the use of metformin was associated with favorable outcome of mRCC patients treated with sunitinib or pazopanib.

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most frequent cancer worldwide. It is known that a subset of BC has amplification, and overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and high expression of the insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF-1R) are correlated with a favorable prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic and predictive values of the EGFR and IGF-1R in tumor samples from patients with BC and their correlation with socio-epidemiological features.

We analyzed socio-epidemiological, clinical-pathological data and tumor tissues from 124 patients with BC undergoing treatment, to assess levels of EGFR and IGF-1R mRNA and protein. The predictive performance included the calculation of area-under-the-curve (AUC) to discriminate groups of patients with high and low mRNA expression associated with survival analysis within each molecular group of BC.

We found a significant expression increase (

<0.001) in EGFR associated with body mass index, angiolymphatic invasion, compromised lymph nodes and follow-up in 58.1% of the triple-negative and HER overexpression tumors. The increase in IGF-IR was significant (

<0.001) in 41.9% of luminal tumors A and B. ROC analysis showed that EGFR had a higher predictive performance (AUC = 0.891) than IGF-1R (AUC = 0.60). The Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that only the high expression of EGFR was associated with a decreased probability of survival for patients, what did not happen with IGF-1R.

Our results suggest that EGFR and IGF-1R expression patterns associated with the clinical characteristics of patients and biological profile influenced the evolution of BC.

Our results suggest that EGFR and IGF-1R expression patterns associated with the clinical characteristics of patients and biological profile influenced the evolution of BC.

Hypertension (HTN) is the leading risk factor for mortality due to cardiovascular diseases, it accounts for 7% of global disability adjusted life years. In 2015, it was estimated that around 1.13 billion adults had HTN globally with a high prevalence in low and middle-income countries where the health system is weak to diagnose, treat, and control HTN. Most people with HTN are asymptomatic and go undiagnosed for years. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the burden of undiagnosed HTN among adults in urban communities of Southwest Ethiopia.

A community-based cross-sectional study involving 915 adults from June 17 to July 27, 2019 was performed. WHO STEPS questionnaire was used to collect data, and the collected data were entered using Epi Data version 3.1and analyzed using SPSS version 20, respectively. Binary logistic regression was used to check for a possible association between outcome and independent factors.

-value <0.05 and 95% CI were used on multivariable logistic regression analys of the disease on the population.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the joint cartilage with no definite treatment in the early stage. Several previous review studies have shown that alternative medical treatments, including acupuncture, moxibustion, and herbal medicines, are effective in improving the symptoms of the disease and the patient's quality of life. However, no systematic review study has shown the effectiveness of the combination of conventional and alternative therapies. Therefore, the aim of our study is to determine the most effective combination therapies and to provide evidence for the effectiveness and safety of integrated therapies. This article describes the protocol for the methods that will be applied in our systematic review.

We will conduct an electronic search of nine databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Google Scholar (first 100 articles), four Korean databases (KoreaMed, Korean Studies Information Service System, Research Information Service System, and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Inton for the integrative treatment of knee OA.

Compared to low concentrations of local anesthetics with opioids for labor epidural analgesia, very high concentrations of local anesthetics are associated with an increased risk of assisted vaginal delivery. We aimed to investigate if moderately high concentrations of plain local anesthetics are also associated with this risk.

We searched for published randomized controlled trials that compared moderately high concentrations of plain local anesthetics (>0.1% but ≤0.125% bupivacaine, >0.1% but ≤0.125% levobupivacaine, or >0.17% but ≤0.2% ropivacaine) to low concentrations of local anesthetics (≤0.1% bupivacaine, ≤0.1% levobupivacaine, or ≤0.17% ropivacaine) with opioids for labor analgesia. Meta-analyses were performed to compare the risk of assisted vaginal delivery and other perinatal outcomes between these two groups.

We identified nine randomized controlled trials with a total of 1334 participants. Meta-analysis of these nine trials showed no differences in the risks of assisted vaginal delivery (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93-1.49) or Cesarean delivery (OR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.71-1.29) between the two groups. The incidence of motor block was higher in the group of moderately high concentrations (OR = 4.05; 95% CI, 2.19-7.48), while the incidence of pruritus was lower (OR = 0.07; 95% CI, 0.03-0.16).

This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that the current evidence is inadequate to support that moderately high concentrations of plain local anesthetics increase the risk of assisted vaginal delivery compared to low concentrations of local anesthetics with opioids.

This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that the current evidence is inadequate to support that moderately high concentrations of plain local anesthetics increase the risk of assisted vaginal delivery compared to low concentrations of local anesthetics with opioids.

Research on JAK family members as therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases has brought tofacitinib and baricitinib into clinical for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. Despite the potent efficacy of these first-generation JAK inhibitors, their broad-spectrum JAK inhibition and adverse events warrant development of a JAK1-specific inhibitor to improve their safety profile.

In this study, we characterized a JAK1-specific inhibitor, LW402, on biochemical and human whole-blood assays. We further evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of LW402 in a rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (rAIA) model and a mouse collagen-induced arthritis (mCIA) model. The safety of LW402 was evaluated in both SpragueDawley rats and cynomolgus monkeys.

LW402 exhibited potent nanomolar activity against JAK1 and showed a 45-fold selectivity for inhibition of JAK1- over JAK2-dependent signaling induced by either IL6 or GM-CSF in human whole-blood assays. In the rAIA model, oral dosing of LW402 resulted in a dose-dependent improvement in disease symptoms, including reduction in paw swelling, marked reduction in the inflammatory-cell infiltration to synovial tissue, and protection of articular cartilage and bone from damage.