Lundgrenstender5724

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of CAD/CAM-fabricated bite splints in dependence of fabrication method (milling vs 3D printing), positioning (horizontal vs vertical), selection of material, and method of deviation measurement. Materials and methods Bite splints were 3D-printed in either horizontal or vertical position (n = 10) using four different resins (Dental LT, Ortho Clear, Freeprint Splint, V-Splint). As control, ten bite splints were fabricated by CNC milling (ProArt CAD Splint). The splints were scanned and deviations between the CAD-file (trueness) and between each other within one group (precision) were measured by two different software applications and methods (cloud-to-cloud vs cloud-to-mesh). Data were analyzed using univariate analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results The highest impact on accuracy was exerted by the selection of the material (trueness ηP2 = 0.871, P less then 0.001; precision ηP2 = 0.715, P less then 0.001). Milled splints showed the highest trueness (P less then 0.01) but not the highest precision at the same time. Horizontally positioned 3D-printed bite splints showed the least deviations in terms of trueness while vertical positioning resulted in the highest precision. The cloud-to-cloud method showed higher measured deviations than the other methods (P less then 0.001-P = 0.002). Conclusion Milled splints show higher trueness than 3D-printed ones, while the latter reveal higher reproducibility. The calculated deviations vary according to the measurement method used. Clinical relevance In terms of accuracy, milled and 3D-printed bite splints seem to be of equal quality.Background and objective Peri-implant tissues appear to exhibit a more vigorous inflammatory response during post-operative healing than periodontal tissues. There is evidence that a single dose of amoxicillin (AMX) prior to implant surgery reduces the risk of early peri-implant healing complications. This study compared the effects of AZM and AMX on neutrophil expression of mRNA for mediators involved in peri-implant healing. Materials and methods Neutrophils were isolated from healthy human donors and pre-incubated with AZM (4 or 8 μg/ml) or AMX (2 or 4 μg/ml). Cells were then incubated with LPS (1 μg/ml), TNF-α (10 ng/ml), or medium alone (control) for 1, 2, and 4 h. Total RNA was analyzed with qPCR to quantify changes in expression of the six inflammatory mediators. Results LPS and TNF-α induced a similar pattern of IL-1β mRNA expression, with peak expression at 1 h. For most mediators, gene expression in neutrophils activated by LPS was markedly reduced in a dose-dependent manner by AZM. Therapeutic concentrations of AZM (8 μg/ml) consistently reduced expression of mediators tested in this study. AMX was effective only in a few cases and under certain conditions. Therefore, AZM was more effective in its direct anti-inflammatory action. Conclusion AZM is a consistent and effective inhibitor of neutrophil inflammatory mediator mRNA expression. Clinical relevance Given that a single dose of AZM produces higher and more sustained concentrations of this agent in periodontal tissues than AMX when used as a pre-operative prophylactic antibiotic, AZM has greater potential to inhibit inflammatory mediator expression at peri-implant wound sites than AMX.Objectives Pain and trismus are the most common postoperative complications following a surgical removal of the lower third molar. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the effect of orally administrated magnesium on postoperative pain and trismus after surgical removal of the lower third molars. Materials and methods The study was conducted on 80 participants who were divided into two groups. Each group took different oral forms of magnesium citrate. Participants in both groups had their two lower molars surgically removed. For one randomly selected third molar, participants received either magnesium citrate tablets or lozenges. For the surgical removal of the lower third molar of the opposite side, the participants received either placebo tablets or lozenges. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-ranked test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Spearman rank-order correlation with the level of significance set at p less then 0.05. This manuscript was written inv under protocol no. NCT03398382.Objectives To evaluate the influence of intraoral scanning on the quality of preparations for all-ceramic single crowns. Material and methods A total of 690 randomly selected and anonymized in vivo single crown preparations were examined. Three hundred twenty-three preparations were directly recorded with an intraoral scanner (group IS). Data from plaster casts digitized by a laboratory scanner (group ID; N = 367) served as control. Comparisons included convergence angle, marginal design, marginal substance reduction, homogeneity of the finish line, and undercuts. Evaluation was performed using fully automated specialized software. Data were analyzed applying Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher's exact test. Level of significance was set at p less then 0.05. Results Convergence angle was above optimum in both groups, but significantly larger for group IS (p less then 0.001). Marginal design was more ideal in group IS concerning the absence of featheredge design (p less then 0.001) and reverse bevel (p = 0.211). Marginal substance reduction was closer to prerequisites for all-ceramic restorations in group IS (p less then 0.001). Finish lines were more homogeneous in group IS regarding the uniformity of their course (p less then 0.001). Undercuts were more frequently found in group ID than in group IS (p less then 0.001). Conclusions Intraoral scanning of prepared teeth has positive impact on the quality of preparations for all-ceramic single crowns regarding marginal substance reduction, marginal design, homogeneity of the finish line, and undercuts. Clinical relevance Accurate preparation design represents a fundamental condition for success of ceramic crowns. Since there is potential for optimization, intraoral scanning might enhance preparation quality providing instant visual feedback.Objective The main objective of the study was to identify the determinants that contribute to the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia in a group of patients managed in secondary care. A secondary objective was to compare two dysplasia grading systems to determine their utility in assessing the prognosis. Material and methods The cohort consisted of 93 patients diagnosed during the period 2009-2013. The variables recorded and analysed included age and sex, clinical presentation (colour) and severity of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) scored by the WHO (2005) and the binary grading systems. The planned management included excision of high-grade dysplasia and observation of low-grade dysplasia lesions based on the WHO grading system. Patient factors were transcribed from the pathology records and updated using a questionnaire sent out to the whole group of patients. Data were analysed using χ2 test and Kaplan-Meier analysis (P less then 0.05). Results Complete follow-up data were available for 93 patients. Malignant transformation occurred in 7 patients (7.5%) during a mean follow-up period of 30 months. Delanzomib ic50 Among the surgically excised group (n = 51), a recurrence of oral leukoplakia was noted in 16 patients (31%). WHO OED grading (P = 0.02) and the presence of red areas (P = 0.012) were useful in predicting malignant transformation with severe epithelial dysplastic lesions and red and white mixed lesions showing higher rates. Conclusion Leukoplakias (7.5%) transformed over a mean follow-up period of 30 months. Dysplasia grading and the clinical appearance by colour (mixed white and red) were significant predictors of malignant transformation CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Patients with erythroleukoplakia and those diagnosed with moderate or severe epithelial dysplasia require more intensive interventions as such lesions have a higher risk of developing a malignancy.In the original publication of the article, author group affiliation was published incorrectly.Paracorporeal continuous-flow ventricular assist devices designed for short-term support can also potentially provide long-term circulatory support as bridges to transplantation in children. We describe the long-term use of the CentriMag biventricular assist device with multiple pump changes in a 9-year-old boy with idiopathic-dilated cardiomyopathy. The initially implanted Berlin Heart EXCOR pumps were replaced by CentriMag due to thromboembolic complications. The CentriMag pumps were exchanged 15 times due to clot and fibrin formation or when the pumps reached their expiration dates. Connecting CentriMag to Berlin Heart EXCOR cannulae effectively served as an alternative long-term hybrid bridge to transplantation for 235 days. The patient successfully underwent a transplant after 284 days. Judicious pump monitoring and timely pump exchanges can potentially overcome device-related complications and extend the duration on support.People with gambling disorder (GD) exhibit distorted cognitions and superstitious beliefs more often than the general population. Similarly, difficulties in coping and emotion dysregulation are more prevalent among those with GD, and could determine the onset of GD in particularly vulnerable groups such as adolescents. This study examines the relationship between gambling severity and gambling-related cognitions with coping strategies and emotion regulation. Also, it explores how accurately gambling severity and gambling-related cognitions were able to predict emotion regulation and coping strategies. Two groups were recruited and analyzed a community sample comprising 250 adolescents and young adults from secondary education schools, and a clinical sample of 31 patients with similar age characteristics seeking treatment for GD. The participants from the clinical sample scored higher on gambling severity, emotion dysregulation, cognitive biases, and maladaptive coping strategies. In the community sample, cognitive biases mediated the relationship between sex and emotion dysregulation and disengagement. People with GD use more often than controls maladaptive emotion regulation strategies to manage negative emotional states. This perspective emphasizes the need to focus on coping with emotions, as opposed to coping with problems, as the best approach to tackle gambling problems.Objective To study the Kinetic estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (KeGFR) using serum creatinine (SCr) for the identification of acute kidney injury (AKI), stages of AKI, and extent of agreement with Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) classification in critically ill children. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in a tertiary care institute of South India from July through August 2018. Sixty children were enrolled. The patients with known End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), with previous renal transplantation, admission SCr more than 4 mg per dL, expired within 24 h of admission and patients who underwent Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) before PICU admission were excluded. KeGFR was calculated for the first seven days, and the worst achieved value was determined. AKI staging by KDIGO was compared with AKI by KeGFR value. The requirement of RRT, multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), mechanical ventilation, cumulative fluid balance, PICU stay, and hospital mortality was recorded.