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Moreover, higher admission HoNOSCA scores were associated with greater HoNOSCA improvement scores, for both patient and clinician ratings. We report admission and discharge HoNOSCA scores comparable to other child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient facilities.This paper reports on a patient record survey that was undertaken with the central aim of establishing reliable, baseline information to inform strategic planning and organisation of future CAMHS in Malta. The records of the total population of children and adolescents admitted into the psychatric hospital over a five year period were surveyed. Results showed that the characteristics and circumstances of children and adolescents with mental disorder and comorbid substance misuse in Malta are similar to those described in international studies. The survey emphasised the pressing need for further research into this sub group and also highlighted gaps in reliable data systems locally.The use of antipsychotics, especially second generation antipsychotics, represents the milestone treatment of "first episode of psychosis" (FEP). Although prodromal symptoms of psychosis have long been recognized, the clinical management of psychotic disorders conventionally begins at the first episode of frank psychosis, as it is well acknowledged that "duration of untreated psychosis" (DUP) is one of the main factor that negatively affects prognosis a longer DUP is highly correlated to reduced response to treatment, poor clinical and social outcomes, and an overall worst prognosis. Long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations of antipsychotics have traditionally been used for those patients with psychosis with the most severe symptoms, poorest compliance, most hospitalizations and poorest outcomes; moreover it seems that psychiatrists tend to prescribe LAI at the latter stages of the disease. We retrospectively collected clinical and sociodemographic data regarding patients consecutively presenting with symptoms of FEP attending the Community Mental Health Service (CMHS) in Foggia from 1st June 2014 to 31st May 2015. We selected patients who attended the CMHS in Foggia with symptoms of FEP. Different scales were administered to assess symptoms severity, quality of life, side effects, adherence, and overall functionality. In our sample LAI treatment was found to be effective in treating symptoms associated to FEP, improved quality of life and it was associated with a clinically irrelevant incidence of extrapyramidal side effect. Considering that achieving a full symptoms remission in people affected by FEP is associated to better outcomes, and that DUP is associated to poor prognosis, LAIs could play an important role in improving overall recovery.

Machiavellianism is a personality trait characterized by emotional detachment and tendency to manipulate others to achieve one's own goal. It is presumed that people high in Machiavellianism would more likely choose business-related occupations, whereas low Machiavellians would prefer helping professions, therefore medical professionals are expected to be low-Machs.

This is a questionnaire study on 509 respondents medical school candidates (16.1%), medical students (65%), medical trainees (9.8%), residents (6.3%) and specialists (2.8%) aimed at assessing the level of Machiavellianism, as measured with Mach-IV score, a self-report questionnaire.

The overall mean Mach-IV score was 59.24±6.07. The highest mean Mach-IV score, 61.80±6.94, was found in the group of medical school candidates. The lowest mean Mach-IV score, 57.61±7.88, was reported in the group of registered specialists. Male gender was found to be positively correlated with the mean Mach-IV score, which in women was 58.97±6.08 and in men it was 60.16±6.01. There was a negative correlation between the mean Mach-IV score and the age of post-graduate participants. When we divided all participants into subgroups of "low Machs" (<60 points) and " high Machs" (≥60 points), we found that both subgroups were similarly numerous--49.5% and 50.5%, accordingly. The highest representation of "high Machs" was found in the subgroup of medical studies candidates (65.85%), then in the students (47.73%) and in the group of post-graduates (45.16%). Gender differences remained statistically significant--47.33% of women and 60.18% of men were "high Machs".

Machiavellianism level among medical candidates, students and doctors is relatively high, however is gradually decreasing with the progress of career.

Machiavellianism level among medical candidates, students and doctors is relatively high, however is gradually decreasing with the progress of career.

Cushing's syndrome is the term used to describe a set of symptoms associated with hypercortisolism, which in most cases is caused by hypophysial microadenoma over-secreting adrenocorticotropic hormone. This endocrine disorder is often associated with psychiatric comorbidities. The most important include mood disorders, psychotic disorders, cognitive dysfunctions and anxiety disorders.

The aim of this article was to review the prevalence, symptoms and consequences of psychiatric disorders in the course of Cushing's syndrome. We therefore performed a literature search using the following keywords Cushing's syndrome and psychosis, Cushing's syndrome and mental disorders, Cushing's syndrome and depression, Cushing's syndrome and anxiety.

The most prevalent psychiatric comorbidity of Cushing's syndrome is depression. Psychiatric manifestations can precede the onset of full-blown Cushing's syndrome and therefore be misdiagnosed. Despite the fact that treatment of the underlying endocrine disease in most cases alleviates psychiatric symptoms, the loss of brain volume persists.

It is important to be alert to the symptoms of hypercortisolism in psychiatric patients to avoid misdiagnosis and enable them receiving adequate treatment.

It is important to be alert to the symptoms of hypercortisolism in psychiatric patients to avoid misdiagnosis and enable them receiving adequate treatment.The origin and course of eating disorders and nutrition have a multifactorial etiology and should therefore take into consideration psychological factors, evolutionary, biological and socio-cultural (Juli 2012). Among the psychological factors we will focus on violence (in any form) and in particular on the consequences that they have on women, which vary in severity. Recent studies show that women get sick more than men, both from depression and eating disorders, with a ratio of 21; this difference begins in adolescence and continues throughout the course of life (Niolu 2010). The cause of this difference remains unclear. Many studies agree that during adolescence girls have negative feelings more frequently and for a longer duration caused by stressful life events and difficult circumstances, such as abuse or violence. This results in an increased likelihood of developing a symptom that will be connected to eating disorders and/or depression. As far as the role of food is concerned in eating disorders, it has a symbolic significance and offers emotional comfort. Eating means to incorporate and assimilate, and even in an ideal sense, the characteristics of the foods become part of the individual. Feelings that lead to binges with food are normally a result of feelings related to abuse or violence and lead to abnormal behavior which leads to binging and the final result being that the person is left feeling guilty and ashamed. Research confirms that 30% of patients who have been diagnosed with eating disorders, especially bulimia, have a history of sexual abuse during childhood. Ignoring the significance of this factor can result in the unleashing of this disease as the patient uses the disorder as his expressive theater (Mencarelli 2008). Factors that contribute to the possibility of developing an eating disorder are both the age of the patient at the time of the abuse and the duration of the abuse. The psychological effects that follow may include dissociative symptoms and symptoms of an Eating Disorder.

To evaluate if somatic symptoms of Eating Disorders and Migraine reflect similar aspects of personality and temperament.

The clinical notes of 27 migraineurs and of 26 ED outpatients were reviewed; 40 medical students of the University of Perugia were recruited as healthy controls. TCI, DMI, SCID-II and TAS-20 were used.

performed by logistic regression, a cluster analysis that gave the weight for the three groups, and a logistic regression of the cluster analysis.

Patients showed medium scores in almost all the scales of the different tests. High scores in HA and low scores in NS characterized both migraine and ED patients. Logistic regression of the cluster analysis underscored that ED patients, migraineurs, and controls differed for HA (435.424, p≤0.0001), TAS-20 F2 (difficulty in describing feelings to others; 7.087, p=0.029), and the defense mechanism turning against object (6.702, p=0.035).

The temperamental aspects of low NS and high HA represent the core symptoms of a spectrum composed of somatizing patients who use affective and behavioral strategies that are not functional enough in affective regulation.

The temperamental aspects of low NS and high HA represent the core symptoms of a spectrum composed of somatizing patients who use affective and behavioral strategies that are not functional enough in affective regulation.Psychiatric patients often suffer for two reasons due to the illness and due to the social stigma of mental illness, that increases the uneasiness and psychic pain of the person suffering from serious psychiatric disorder. This unwell person is often the object of stigma because he is "different" from others, and he also can be margenalised by society. In this study we intend to assess whether these margenalising attitudes might be also present among mental health professionals who have presented psychic problems in a previous period of their life, against sick persons suffering of the same illness even if he is a mental health professional. Two questionnaires have been developed, one for professionals and another for the patients, with the aim of identifying these marginalising attitudes. We intend that this study shall be a multicenter, observational and international study, promoted by the Mental Health Dept. of Naples (ASL Naples 3 South, Italy).The capacity to work productively is a key component of health and emotional well-being. People who work in health care can be exposed to the fatigue of care. Compassion fatigue has been described as an occupational hazard specific to clinical work related severe emotional distress. In our study, we have evaluated compassion fatigue in a mental health group (47 psychiatric staff) and its relationship with inpatients (237 inpatients) affected by some psychiatric disorders. At baseline, the more significant data indicate a high percentage of Job Burnout and Compassion Fatigue in psychiatric nurses (respectively, 39.28%, 28.57%). Significant Compassion Fatigue percentage is present also in psychologist group (36.36%). selleck chemicals Finally, in psychiatrists, the exposure to patients increased vicarious trauma (28.57%), but not job burnout. After a year of participation in Balint Groups, the psychiatric staff presented an overall reduction in total mean score in any administered scale (CBI p less then 0.0000045; sCFs (Vicarious Trauma p less then 0.