Avilamclamb0653
Few studies exist on physicians' opinions, attitudes, familiarity and practice behaviour regarding clinical practice guidelines in sub-Saharan Africa.
To determine the opinions, familiarity, and practice behaviour regarding clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and factors associated with their use among internists and family physicians/GP in Nigeria.
A semi-structured questionnaire regarding guidelines of five common medical conditions hypertension, diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis, asthma and hepatitis B encountered in everyday medical practice were self-administered by 183 doctors across the country.
Over 90% of respondents believed that guidelines were evidence-based, improved management outcomes, and quality of care, nevertheless, 57.4% were against using them in litigations against doctors. The majority (>70%) of the respondents were familiar with the guidelines except that of hepatitis B. Overall, guidelines were used regularly by 45.9%, used in part by 23.5% and 30.6% never used it. Approximatsibility and promotes factors that encourage their implementation in medical practice.
LBW is the strong determinant of neonatal morbidity and mortality with a global prevalence of nearly 15%. India's prevalence, though not yet established, ranges from 16-30% and influenced by maternal nutritional status, antenatal care and associated maternal morbidity. Hence, the study was aimed to determine the influencing parameters for occurrence of LBW.
A retrospective observational study conducted for all live newborns delivered in a tertiary care centre during the study period of twenty four months.
Data from institutional medical record section was recorded on predesigned questionnaire from a total of 1216 newborns.
The percentage of LBW was found to be 27.55% (335/1216) with a proportion of LBW to NBW babies was approximately 13. The occurrence of LBW was significantly higher in babies of anemic mothers (59.39%,
< 0.0001), young mothers (30.39%,
< 0.01), mothers with parity ≥ 3 (35.71%,
< 0.05), those with <3 ANC check-up (56.88%,
< 0.0001) and those with premature delivery (71.57%,
< 0.0001). Maternal anemia (OR 4.7, 95%CI 3.4-6.7,
< 0.001); ANC with <3 visits (OR 2.2, 95%CI 1.4-3.4,
< 0.01) and prematurity (OR 7.6, 95%CI 5.1-11.2,
< 0.0001) were considered as independent risk factor for LBW. VTX-27 Significant association of neonatal complications was found with LBW babies (OR 1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.5,
< 0.05).
Inadequate antenatal care, maternal anemia and other maternal illness causing premature delivery are considered critical determinants for LBW and thus associated with high neonatal mortality and morbidity. Continued focus for improving the overall maternal health status would lead to lowering burden of LBW.
Inadequate antenatal care, maternal anemia and other maternal illness causing premature delivery are considered critical determinants for LBW and thus associated with high neonatal mortality and morbidity. Continued focus for improving the overall maternal health status would lead to lowering burden of LBW.
Worldwide, one in ten pregnancies is related with diabetes; 87.6% of which are gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Maternal hyperglycaemia affects the successful progression of pregnancy.
To determine the proportion and the factors associated with poor glycaemic control among women with gestational diabetes.
This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, Puducherry, South India from September to October 2019. Pregnant women diagnosed as GDM and on treatment for at least one month were approached consecutively for the study. A fasting blood sugar (FBS) ≥92 mg/dl and postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) 1 hour ≥180 mg/dl or PPBS 2 hour ≥153 mg/dl were considered as poor glycaemic control.
A total of 301 women with GDM were included and the mean (SD) age was 27 (5) years. Of total, 29 (10%) reported GDM during their previous pregnancy and 95 (32%) got diagnosed before reaching the tertiary care hospital. Lifestyle modifications (77%) were the most common mode of management for GDM. Of total, 116 (38.5%; 95% CI 33%-44.3%) had poor glycaemic control. Multigravida women (46.9%) and those on pharmacological treatment for GDM had poor glycaemic control.
One-third of women with GDM at a tertiary care centre had poor glycaemic control. Therefore, a novel approach to improve awareness about GDM control both among pregnant women and the medical fraternity is needed.
One-third of women with GDM at a tertiary care centre had poor glycaemic control. Therefore, a novel approach to improve awareness about GDM control both among pregnant women and the medical fraternity is needed.
Hepatitis B is a blood-borne infectious liver disease caused by the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and it is best prevented by immunization. Due to occupational exposure, medical students have an increased risk of contracting HBV. Therefore, it is essential for all medical students to have good knowledge about HBV and to complete their HBV vaccinations.
The aim of this study was to assess and compare HBV knowledge, awareness, and vaccination compliance among pre-clinical medical students in four universities.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2018 at the College of Medicine of four governmental universities King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Saud University, Princess Noura university, and Imam Mohammed bin Saud Islamic University, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Two-hundred-sixty-three pre-clinical medical students completed a questionnaire with sections about demographics, HBV awareness, knowledge, and vaccination compliance.
The data was transferred to Excel and SPSS version 22 was used for statistical analysis. A significance level of
< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The overall knowledge about HBV and vaccination compliance were poor. KSU students had the highest vaccination compliance (
= 52, 54.2%) and KSAU-HS the lowest (
= 19, 23,8%). The most-cited reasons for noncompliance were "forgetting about the vaccine" and "busy schedule".
Overall, most of the participants had poor HBV knowledge and vaccine compliance. Therefore, we recommend the implementation of pre-clinical vaccine checking and the addition of an infectious disease awareness and prevention program.
Overall, most of the participants had poor HBV knowledge and vaccine compliance. Therefore, we recommend the implementation of pre-clinical vaccine checking and the addition of an infectious disease awareness and prevention program.
Worldwide, hazardous use of alcohol is common among many cultures and societies and adversely impacts families and communities, with significant morbidity and mortality. Scheduled Tribes (STs) who are socially deprived and marginalised have higher rates of alcohol use.
We attempted to determine the nature, prevalence, and risk factors associated with hazardous consumption of alcohol in the tribal community.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult male and permanent residents of Jawadhi hills. A total of 1200 men were interviewed. Study participants were chosen by Probability Proportionate to Size (PPS) sampling method. The questionnaire that documented socio-demographic characteristics and patterns of alcohol use was used. AUDIT tool was used to assess the hazardous use of Alcohol. Data were analysed using SPSS.
Majority of the men were middle-aged, married, and were from lower socio-economic strata. A large proportion of men (65%) had a history of alcohol consumption in the last one year using one-year, of whom a quarter showed hazardous use (29%) and another quarter exhibited alcohol dependency (24%). Tobacco use, higher income and local alcohol production were found to be significant risk factors for Hazardous alcohol use.
Alcohol consumption needs to be treated as a social problem and has to be tackled at the policy level. Population-based interventions, legislation, taxation, policies regarding the manufacture and sale of alcohol, are some of the ways to address this problem.
Alcohol consumption needs to be treated as a social problem and has to be tackled at the policy level. Population-based interventions, legislation, taxation, policies regarding the manufacture and sale of alcohol, are some of the ways to address this problem.
CFR and RR are important indicator of disease pandemic. As of now no data is available about cross-states analysis of these. We aimed to evaluate CFR and RR of COVID-19 across majorly affected States in India.
We observed and compared data of confirmed COVID-19 cases, number of deaths, number of recovered/discharged cases and calculated CFR and RR across majorly affected States/UT in India from official database of Government of India, State Government official bulletin, accurate database worldometer.
The data showed that Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal reported highest CFR on 8th April, 22nd April, 6th May, 1st June 2020 (95% CI 4.91 - 6.99). Kerala showed encouraging recovery rates 24.32%, 70.31%, 93.24%, 45.81% on 8th and 22nd April, 6th May and 1st June 2020 respectively. India had an average estimated weekly Recovery rate of newly discharged/recovered cases was 32.68% from 19th March to 1st June 2020. (95% CI 20- 45.4%). (The Recovery rate across India was 80.83% as on 22nd September 2020.).
The CFR of a disease varies greatly in different regions of the same Country and is influenced by numerous factors such as health control policies, medical standards, and detection efficiency and protocols apart from number of screening tests done. This comparison discusses need of evaluating policies with optimal reporting of medical history of affected persons when comparing COVID-19 case and fatality rates in different regions of the Country.
The CFR of a disease varies greatly in different regions of the same Country and is influenced by numerous factors such as health control policies, medical standards, and detection efficiency and protocols apart from number of screening tests done. This comparison discusses need of evaluating policies with optimal reporting of medical history of affected persons when comparing COVID-19 case and fatality rates in different regions of the Country.
Proclined teeth has been one of the main reasons for compromised esthetics. In a patient with proclined anteriors, retraction is done after 1
premolar extraction. Absolute/maximum anchorage is required to achieve the best esthetics.
We conducted this study with the aim of retracting the proclined maxillary anterior teeth and to check for efficient retraction, type of tooth movement during retraction, and amount of anchorage loss.
Patients with proclined anterior teeth where therapeutic extraction of first premolars is required were included in the study, where anchorage was taken with mini-implants in one group, and in the second group, conventional anchorage method of 1
and 2
molar banding with TPA was chosen. Each group consisted of 8 subjects. Lateral cephalogram was taken both preretraction and 4 months after starting retraction to compare anchor loss, rate of retraction, and type of tooth movement of retracted anteriors, in both groups.
The retraction in the implant group was more than in the conventional group and the difference was statistically significant (
< 0.
