Stoutestes9477

However, addition of PEO increased the water absorption capacity and reduced the hardness and cohesion of the resulting aerogels. Due to the high water absorption potential, the aerogel produced in this study can serve as an absorbent matrix in food packaging. Mucosal administration of vaccine can produce a strong immune response. Antigens adhere to "M-cells", present at the intestinal mucosa and the M-cells produce immunity after actively transporting luminal antigens to the underlying immune cells. The objective of the present study was to prepare and characterize alginate coated chitosan nanoparticles (ACNPs) loaded with HBsAg as an antigen to produce immunity; additionally anchored with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an adjuvant. Ionic gelation method was used to prepare chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) which were loaded with HBsAg and stabilized by alginate coating to protect from gastric environment. Results showed that the prepared LPS-HB-ACNPs were small and spherical with mean particle size 605.23 nm, polydispersity index 0.234 and Zeta potential -26.2 mV and could effectively protect antigen at GIT in acidic medium. HB-ANCPs were stable during storage at 4 ± 1 and 27 ± 2 °C. Anchoring with LPS showed increased immunity as compared to other formulations. Additionally, NPs elicited significant sIgA at mucosal secretions and IgG antibodies in systemic circulation. Thus, the prepared LPS anchored alginate coated chitosan NPs may be a promising approach as a vaccine delivery system for oral mucosal immunization. V.To improve the yield and stability of VII-type cornstarch-lauric acid complexes and inhibit the digestibility of starch, debranched cornstarch was used to complex with lauric acid under a low complexation temperature and a high complexation temperature (DSL30 and DSL90). Debranching treatment raised the yield of the complexes and the melting enthalpy, which reached 51.4% and 14.26 J/g for the complex DSL90, respectively. Complexes formed at high complexation temperature showed high melting temperature ranged in 102.71 °C-120.30 °C, indicating high thermal stability. As the complexation temperature increased from 30 °C to 90 °C, the complexes transformed from VI-type to VII-type. The combination of debranching treatment and increasing complexation temperature decreased the in vitro digestibility of the complexes. The highest resistant starch content was found in the complex DSL90, which also exhibited a lamellar structure under the scanning electron microscopy. The root mean square deviation under the molecular dynamics simulations of the complexes was lower than that of single amylose, suggesting that the complexation with lauric acid could keep the conformation of the amylose chain stable. Debranching treatment combined with a high complexation temperature may be used as an applicable method to prepare VII-type starch-fatty acid complexes with high stability. In this work, we report the synthesis of graft copolymers based on casein and N-isopropylacrylamide, which can self-assemble into biodegradable micelles of approximately 80 nm at physiological conditions. The obtained copolymers were degraded by trypsin, an enzyme that is overexpressed in several malignant tumors. Moreover, graft copolymers were able to load doxorubicin (Dox) by ionic interaction with the casein component. In vitro release experiments showed that the in situ assembled micelles can maintain the cargo at plasma conditions but release Dox immediately after their exposition at pH 5.0 and trypsin. Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity assays revealed the efficient delivery to the nucleus and antiproliferative efficacy of Dox in the breast cancer cell line MDA231. Both delivery and therapeutic activity were enhanced in presence of trypsin. Overall, the prepared micelles hold a great potential for their utilization as dual responsive trypsin/pH drug delivery system. V.The oral drug administration was convenient and comfortable route for patients. Nevertheless, the oral uptake efficiency of many therapeutic agents was limited by physiological barriers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This review summarized the challenges toward the oral delivery systems including instability and poor permeability in gastrointestinal environment. The transcellular and paracellular transport were main pathways of nanocarriers across intestinal epithelium. Chitosan is a nature and safe polymer that possesses the capacity of opening intercellular tight junctions of epithelium and excellent mucoadhesive property. Capsazepine datasheet Chitosan-based nanocarriers have recently attracted considerable attentions, aiming to overcome GI limitations and enhance drug absorption. Recently developed chitosan-based nanocarriers administered via oral route were highlighted for protecting drugs against degradation, releasing drugs in small intestine, enhancing drug uptake, thus improving oral bioavailability. Finally, various biotherapeutics including hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs applied in chitosan-based nanovectors were also reviewed. V.Montmorillonite (MMT) presents nonocclusive lamellar structure which restricts the potential use for sustained drug release. To solve the limitation, the quaternized pectin (QP) was synthesized and firstly introduced to form QP-MMT hybrid film containing 5-FU. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to determine the variation of the functional group and crystallinity between pectin and QP. The resultant composite film was characterized by FT-IR, XRD and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope. The results of the characterization indicated that intercalation reaction happened in the blending process. The optimum film showed high value of drug encapsulation efficiency (36.50%) and loading efficiency (80.30%). The in vitro drug release studies revealed that the MMT significantly improved the sustained-release performance in all simulated mediums. The cumulative release rate of sample QP10-MMT0.1 was all around 20% in the first half-hour in all simulated mediums and sustained increased for more than 8 h. The cytotoxicity assay was performed to prove the great biocompatibility of QP-MMT hybrid film. The present study introduced a facile route to prepare the composite film which presented sustained drug release performance. V.