Karahurst0705

Thickening of drinks is astandard procedure in dysphagia therapy. Among other things, this adaptive procedure aims to prevent posterior leakage and reduce the demands placed on retarded swallowing reflexes by decelerating boluses. Studies show that taste perception can induce anegative attitude towards thickened fluids in patients. This study investigates whether different thickeners differ in taste.

The taste of eight arbitrarily chosen thickeners available on the German market were compared by 37healthy adults. In the test setting, two thickeners combined with water competed against each other. Participants decided which one they preferred. Up to seven pairwise comparisons were performed by each participant. Overall, 224comparisons were carried out. Based on these results, arelative taste grade was calculated using aprobabilistic model and significance tests for differences were performed.

There are significant differences in taste between the different products, presumably depending on their respective basic ingredients. To respect individual patient's preferences, different thickeners should be tried out in dysphagia therapy. It remains unclear whether thickeners' taste differences remain relevant once other liquids such as coffee, tea, or juice are thickened.

There are significant differences in taste between the different products, presumably depending on their respective basic ingredients. To respect individual patient's preferences, different thickeners should be tried out in dysphagia therapy. It remains unclear whether thickeners' taste differences remain relevant once other liquids such as coffee, tea, or juice are thickened.

Total kidney volume (TKV) is the most important imaging biomarker for quantifying the severity of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). 3D ultrasound (US) can accurately measure kidney volume compared to 2D US; however, manual segmentation is tedious and requires expert annotators. We investigated a deep learning-based approach for automated segmentation of TKV from 3D US in ADPKD patients.

We used axially acquired 3D US-kidney images in 22 ADPKD patients where each patient and each kidney were scanned three times, resulting in 132 scans that were manually segmented. We trained a convolutional neural network to segment the whole kidney and measure TKV. All patients were subsequently imaged with MRI for measurement comparison.

Our method automatically segmented polycystic kidneys in 3D US images obtaining an average Dice coefficient of 0.80 on the test dataset. The kidney volume measurement compared with linear regression coefficient and bias from human tracing were R

=0.81, and -4.42%, and between AI and reference standard were R

=0.93, and -4.12%, respectively. MRI and US measured kidney volumes had R

=0.84 and a bias of 7.47%.

This is the first study applying deep learning to 3D US in ADPKD. Our method shows promising performance for auto-segmentation of kidneys using 3D US to measure TKV, close to human tracing and MRI measurement. This imaging and analysis method may be useful in a number of settings, including pediatric imaging, clinical studies, and longitudinal tracking of patient disease progression.

This is the first study applying deep learning to 3D US in ADPKD. Our method shows promising performance for auto-segmentation of kidneys using 3D US to measure TKV, close to human tracing and MRI measurement. This imaging and analysis method may be useful in a number of settings, including pediatric imaging, clinical studies, and longitudinal tracking of patient disease progression.Neuroendocrine tumors are a rare subset of tumors that are increasing in incidence over the last 4 decades. These tumors occur along the gastrointestinal tract and bronchopulmonary tree and frequently metastasize. Up to 90% of patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors develop liver metastases (NeLM) during their clinical course. The development of NeLM and their appropriate management has a profound impact on patient morbidity and mortality. Workup of NeLM involves biopsy to define tumor grade, cross-sectional imaging to delineate the distribution and number of metastases, and hormonal studies to determine tumor functionality. Depending on these three factors, a combination of cytoreductive surgery, liver-directed therapies, and medical management-with cytostatic and cytotoxic chemotherapies, is utilized. The multidisciplinary management of patients with NeLM should carefully consider all these factors.

Our aim was to identify the prevalence and correlates of loneliness, perceived and objective social isolation in the German population during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Data were taken from a representative survey with n = 3075 individuals (18-70years; August/September 2021). Valid measures were used to quantify the outcomes (loneliness De Jong Gierveld scale; perceived social isolation Bude/Lantermann tool; objective social isolation Lubben Social Network Scale). Multiple logistic regressions were used to identify the correlates of these three outcomes.

The prevalence of loneliness was 83.4%, the prevalence of perceived social isolation was 59.1% and the prevalence of objective social isolation was 28.9%. The prevalence rate significantly differed between the subgroups (e.g., the prevalence of perceived social isolation was 73.9% among individuals aged 18-29years, whereas it was 48.8% among individuals aged 60-70years). In regression analysis, several correlates of these outcomes were identified (e.g., marital status, age group (with changing signs), migration background, sports activities, or self-rated health).

Our study particularly identified very to extraordinarily high prevalence rates for social isolation and loneliness, respectively. Knowledge about the correlates (e.g., age group) may help to address these individuals during the ongoing pandemic.

Our study particularly identified very to extraordinarily high prevalence rates for social isolation and loneliness, respectively. Knowledge about the correlates (e.g., age group) may help to address these individuals during the ongoing pandemic.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill patients. Renal tropism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appears to play only a minor role, whereas the pathological inflammatory response associated with severe COVID-19 is highly relevant. Both the consequences of invasive ventilation and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by COVID-19 have a significant impact on the pathogenesis of AKI. High ventilation pressures compromise renal perfusion and, thus, may contribute to the development of AKI. The inflammatory response caused by ARDS, as well as the endothelial dysfunction typical of COVID-19 in combination with hypercoagulability are further factors that affect the kidney.

Cluster headache (CH) is ahighly debilitating headache disorder characterized by frequent attacks of excruciating unilateral pain accompanied by cranial autonomic symptoms. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is implicated in the pathophysiology of CH.

Preventive efficacy and tolerability of the anti-CGRP antibody galcanezumab in patients with episodic (eCH) and chronic CH (cCH). Review of the study results and the challenges in developing drugs for the preventive treatment of CH.

In two international multicenter phaseIII trials galcanezumab 300 mg given subcutaneously every 4weeks was compared with placebo. The double-blind study period (8weeks in eCH, 12weeks in cCK) was preceded by abaseline period in both trials. The primary endpoint was the reduction in weekly attack frequency.

In the eCH trial, 106patients were randomized to either galcanezumab (n = 49) or placebo (n = 57). see more The mean weekly attack frequency during the first 3weeks decreased by 52% in the galcanezumab group compared with 27% in the placebo group (p = 0.036). In the cCH trial, 237patients were randomized to galcanezumab (n = 117) or placebo (n = 120). The primary endpoint was not met in this study. The reduction in mean weekly attack rate was 5.4 with galcanezumab versus 4.6 with placebo (p = 0.334). Galcanezumab was well tolerated in both studies.

Galcanezumab had asignificant effect in the prevention of eCH attacks but not in cCH. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.

Galcanezumab had a significant effect in the prevention of eCH attacks but not in cCH. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.Recently, hypoglycemic drugs belonging to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have generated significant interest due to their clear cardiovascular benefits for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) since there are no effective drugs that may improve clinical outcomes for these patients over a prolonged period. But, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, particularly its effects on ferroptosis, a newly defined mechanism of iron-dependent non-apoptotic cell death during heart failure (HF). Here, with proteomics, we demonstrated that ferroptosis might be a key mechanism in a rat model of high-salt diet-induced HFpEF, characterized by iron overloading and lipid peroxidation, which was blocked following treatment with canagliflozin. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD029031. The ferroptosis was evaluated with the levels of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4, glutathione peroxidase 4, ferritin heavy chain 1, transferrin receptor, Ferroportin 1, iron, glutathione, malondialdehyde, and 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal. These findings highlight the fact that targeting ferroptosis may serve as a cardioprotective strategy for HFpEF prevention and suggest that canagliflozin may exert its cardiovascular benefits partly via its mitigation of ferroptosis.

To provide a narrative review of anogenital screening for human papillomavirus in solid organ transplant recipients.

Keyword searches of PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE databases were performed. Keywords included human papillomavirus, malignancy, cervical cancer, Pap smear, solid organ transplant, and immunosuppression. Manual searches were also conducted of other relevant journals and reference lists of primary articles.

Forty-one studies, articles, or clinical practice guidelines across 25 years of literature were included. Eligible literature was written in English or offered an English translation.

Human papillomavirus-related anogenital malignancies disproportionately affect transplant recipients compared to the general population. Evidence-based guidelines for cervical cancer screening and prevention in transplant patients are lacking. Current practice guidelines generally agree on increased Pap screening for transplant recipients compared to the general population. However, recommended screening frequency differs between organizations and amongst medical specialties. Vaccination against HPV remains the most effective strategy to prevent HPV-driven pre-malignant and malignant lesions.

Human papillomavirus-related anogenital malignancies disproportionately affect transplant recipients compared to the general population. Evidence-based guidelines for cervical cancer screening and prevention in transplant patients are lacking. Current practice guidelines generally agree on increased Pap screening for transplant recipients compared to the general population. However, recommended screening frequency differs between organizations and amongst medical specialties. Vaccination against HPV remains the most effective strategy to prevent HPV-driven pre-malignant and malignant lesions.