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Persons with disabilities have the same sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) as non-disabled persons. Yet they face numerous barriers in their access to sexual and reproductive health services and their rights are often not met. Evidence on SRHR for persons with disabilities is sparse, particularly evaluations of interventions demonstrating 'what works.' This systematic review assessed interventions to promote SRHR for persons with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries.

We searched for qualitative, quantitative or mixed method observational studies representing primary research, published between 2010 and 2019, using MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Global Health and CINAHL Plus. Search strings were compiled for different elements of SRHR and for all forms of disability. 24,919 records were screened, leading to over 380 relevant papers, most of which were descriptive, focussing on needs and barriers to SRHR needs being fulfilled. Of the 33 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, 18 werlanning and contraception, or safe abortion for people with disabilities.

This systematic review has highlighted stark gaps in evidence. More rigorous evaluations are needed.

This systematic review has highlighted stark gaps in evidence. More rigorous evaluations are needed.

Contextual factors, especially where people live, has been linked to various health outcomes, therefore, there is an increasing focus on its implication for policies and implementation of health interventions. Polygyny is a widespread practice in sub-Saharan Africa that also reflects socioeconomic and sociocultural features. This study investigated the association between polygynous context and risk of undernutrition.

Recent Demographic and Health Surveys involving 350 000 mother-child pairs from 32 sub-Saharan African countries conducted between 2010 and 2018 as of March 2020, were analysed using relevant descriptive and 3-level multilevel logistic regression modelling. Undernutrition among under-5 was defined as underweight, stunting and wasting using the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study. Odd Ratio (OR) at 95% credible interval was used to report the associations.

The prevalence of contextual polygyny varied widely across the 32 sub-Saharan African countries, the lowest (0%) found in one of the s are required.

This study further corroborates the strong influence of contextual factors on health outcomes-which is undernutrition in this study. In addition to specific interventions aimed at reducing the prevalence of undernutrition, broader strategies that will address contextual issues are required.

To compare the epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics in relation to interventions against the COVID-19 and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in mainland China.

Comparative study based on a unique data set of COVID-19 and SARS.

Outbreak in mainland China.

The final database included 82 858 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 5327 cases of SARS.

We brought together all existing data sources and integrated them into a comprehensive data set. Individual information on age, sex, occupation, residence location, date of illness onset, date of diagnosis and clinical outcome was extracted. Control measures deployed in mainland China were collected. We compared the epidemiological and spatial characteristics of COVID-19 and SARS. We estimated the effective reproduction number to explore differences in transmission dynamics and intervention effects.

Compared with SARS, COVID-19 affected more extensive areas (1668 vs 230 counties) within a shorter time (101 vs 193 days) and hadg us with some epidemiological clues to control the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic worldwide.

The majority of blindness worldwide could be prevented or reversed with early diagnosis and treatment, yet identifying at-risk and prevalent cases of eye disease and linking them with care remain important obstacles to addressing this burden. Leading causes of blindness like glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration have detectable early asymptomatic phases and can cause irreversible vision loss. Mass screening for such diseases could reduce visual impairment at the population level.

This protocol describes a parallel-group cluster-randomised trial designed to determine whether community-based screening for glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration reduces population-level visual impairment in Nepal. A door-to-door population census is conducted in all study communities. All adults aged ≥60 years have visual acuity tested at the census visit, and those meeting referral criteria are referred to a local eye care facility for further diagnosis and managemenion at local and international meetings.

NCT03752840.

NCT03752840.

Sociodemographic and mental health characteristics are associated with contraceptive choices. We aimed to describe the sociodemographic, reproductive and mental health characteristics of all fertile-aged women in Finland who used hormonal contraception (HC) in 2017.

A nationwide, register-based study.

All women living in Finland in 2017; data from the Care Register of Health Care, Medical Birth Register, Population Register Centre, Prescription Centre, Register of Induced Abortions.

All women aged 15-49 with one redeemed HC prescription in 2017 (n=294 356), and a same-sized, age-matched and residence-matched, control group of non-users.

Rates of HC use; associations between HC use and mental disorders, sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics.

25.8% of women aged 15-49 years used HC. Women with the lowest socioeconomic levels had lower odds of using HC than women with upper-level statuses (OR, 95% CI students 0.97, 0.94 to 0.99; entitled to pension 0.66, 0.63 to 0.69; other 0.87, 0.85 to is less common among women suffering from severe to moderate psychiatric disorders, especially eating disorders.

A quarter of the fertile-aged women use HC in Finland. Selleck EVP4593 Sociodemographic disparities persist in relation to HC use, although of small effect size. HC use is less common among women suffering from severe to moderate psychiatric disorders, especially eating disorders.

To review and summarise the available literature regarding breastfeeding experiences of medical students, residents and physicians.

Articles of any design, including non-peer reviewed data that examine the experiences of breast feeding of medical students, residents and staff physicians.

Ovid MEDLINE(R) and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily, Ovid EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science.

All peer-reviewed studies underwent risk-of-bias assessment using relevant tools, depending on the study design.

We included 71 citations; 51 surveys, 3 narrative descriptions, 9 editorials or letters to the editor, and 3 reviews.

Included articles were heterogeneous with respect to their study design, target population and outcomes reported. Most articles had a high risk of bias. Only five articles reported the impact of an intervention.

Despite heterogeneity, the majority of articles described important barriers to breast feeding for physicians, residents and medical students. These barriers were similar across studies, and included inadequate and inaccessible space, time constraints and inflexible scheduling, and lack of colleague support. The consequences of these barriers included low milk supply and early discontinuation of breast feeding.

Due to the observed heterogeneity of articles identified in this review, we are unable to assess trends in barriers or duration of breastfeeding over time.

Interventions to overcome systemic and cultural barriers to breast feeding are needed to meet legal obligations of workplaces for physicians and trainees. These interventions should be formally evaluated using implementation science or quality improvement methods.

Interventions to overcome systemic and cultural barriers to breast feeding are needed to meet legal obligations of workplaces for physicians and trainees. These interventions should be formally evaluated using implementation science or quality improvement methods.

Literature is scarce on the combination treatment of ibrutinib and venetoclax (IV) is scarce in relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (RR-CLL). Especially, the possibility of stopping ibrutinib in RR-CLL patients in deep remission is unclear.

In the HOVON 141/VISION trial, patients with RR-CLL are treated with 12 cycles of IV after a short induction with ibrutinib. Patients reaching undetectable minimal residual disease (uMRD) after 12 cycles of IV are randomised 12 to continue ibrutinib or stop treatment. The persistence of uMRD after stopping IV is studied. In addition, in patients who become positive for MRD again after stopping, IV treatment is reinitiated. The efficacy of this approach with regard to progression-free survival 12 months after randomisation is the primary endpoint of the study.

This protocol respects the Helsinki declaration and has been approved by the ethical committee of the Amsterdam Medical Center. Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed papers. All patients who fulfil the inclusion criteria and no-exclusion criteria, and have signed the informed consent form are included in the study.

ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03226301).

ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03226301).

Anastomotic leakage is the most important complication in colorectal surgery occurring in up to 20% after low anterior rectal resection. Therefore, a diverting ileostomy is usually created during low anterior resection to protect the anastomosis or rather to diminish the consequences in case of anastomotic leakage. The so-called virtual or ghost ileostomy is a pre-stage ostomy that can be easily exteriorised, if anastomotic leakage is suspected, in order to avoid the severe consequences of anastomotic leakage. On the other hand, an actual ileostomy can be avoided in patients, who do not develop anastomotic leakage.

The GHOST trial is a randomised controlled pilot trial comparing ghost ileostomy with conventional loop ileostomy in patients undergoing low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. After screening for eligibility and obtaining informed consent, a total of 60 adult patients are included in the trial. Patients are intraoperatively randomised to the trial groups in a 1ith its inherent complications in these patients.

German Clinical Trials Registry (DRKS00013997); Universal Trial Number U1111-1208-9742.

German Clinical Trials Registry (DRKS00013997); Universal Trial Number U1111-1208-9742.

Patient rights are "those rights that are attributed to a person seeking healthcare". Patient rights have implications for quality of healthcare and acts as a key accountability tool. It can galvanise structural improvements in the health system and reinforces ethical healthcare. States are duty bound to respect, protect and promote patient rights. The rhetoric on patient rights is burgeoning across the globe. With changing modes of governance arrangements, a number of state and non-state actors and institutions at various levels play a role in the design and implementation of (patient rights) policies. However, there is limited understanding on the multilevel institutional mechanisms for patient rights implementation in health facilities. We attempt to fill this gap by analysing the available scholarship on patient rights through a critical interpretive synthesis approach in a systematic scoping review.

The review question is 'how do the multilevel actors, institutional structures, processes interact and influence the patient rights implementation in healthcare facilities? How do they work at what level and in which contexts?" Three databases PubMed, LexisNexis and Web of Science will be systematically searched until 30

April 2020, for empirical and non-empirical literature in English from both lower middle-income countries and high-income countries.