Granthammclean5109
Cardiac arrests are a leading cause of mortality in Saudi Arabia. Prompt and quick intervention using early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can be a life-saving strategy. Sufficient knowledge and awareness regarding CPR are important in initial care, particularly during an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. We aim to assess the knowledge, awareness, and attitude toward CPR among the students of King Abdulaziz University and Jeddah University.
A descriptive, cross-sectional study design with a sample of 1053 non-medical students, regardless of their academic year, was conducted from May to July 2019 at both universities. Data were analyzed through chi-square and analysis of variance where a P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Out of 1053 students, 28.7% received CPR training. Also, the majority of the subjects were female 71%. The science department provided the largest response. Results showed that chest pain was the most observed early sign of cardiac arrest among participants by a percentage of 84.6. Majority of the participants (90.9%) felt no hesitation in performing early CPR on a family member. Additionally, committing a mistake was the most feared factor that deterred students from performing CPR.
Knowledge and awareness of CPR among non-medical university students were poor, despite positive attitudes toward it. Integrating mandatory CPR courses in the orientation and in the first year of the undergraduate curriculum could increase awareness and improve the outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).
Knowledge and awareness of CPR among non-medical university students were poor, despite positive attitudes toward it. Integrating mandatory CPR courses in the orientation and in the first year of the undergraduate curriculum could increase awareness and improve the outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).There have been few reports on central nervous system (CNS) involvement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This is an extremely rare disease with poor prognosis, owing to resistance to various treatments. We describe a 33-year-old man with intractable CLL with CNS involvement. He was diagnosed with CLL, with diplopia as the first manifestation. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a contrast-enhancing tumor in the right temporal lobe, which was diagnosed as CNS involvement in CLL on brain biopsy. PD166866 inhibitor High-dose methotrexate therapy was ineffective for this lesion, which was also resistant to subsequent whole-brain irradiation, treatment with fludarabine-cyclophosphamide-rituximab chemoimmunotherapy, and ibrutinib administration. Because no standard protocol exists for CLL with CNS involvement, it is important to accumulate case data to verify the choice of new drugs for administration at an early stage. Therefore, we also conducted a literature review of 50 case reports of CNS lesions in the last 10 years to consider the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of CNS involvement in CLL. The possibility of new therapeutic agents, eg, ibrutinib and venetoclax, or a combination of these agents and methotrexate, can be envisioned as a treatment strategy for CLL with CNS involvement.
Bacterial meningitis is a common central nervous system infection that is associated with high morbidity and mortality in pediatrics. In Ethiopia, little is known about treatment outcomes of acute bacterial meningitis and associated factors among hospitalized children.
To assess treatment outcomes of acute bacterial meningitis and associated factors among hospitalized children with acute bacterial meningitis in the Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital pediatric ward.
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the pediatric ward of Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, eastern Ethiopia. Relevant data were collected using a structured data-collection tool from patients' medical charts. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to identify predictors of treatment outcomes. OR with 95% CI and
≤0.05 was used for statistical significance.
A total of 200 children with acute bacterial meningitis were included in the study, of which 92% were aged ≥2 months and outcomes. Early treatment, linkage of primary-health facilities to tertiary health-care centers, and availability of diagnostics should be promoted to improve patient outcomes.
The majority of study participants experienced good treatment outcomes. Unconsciousness, antibiotic-regimen change, and duration of illness before hospitalization were significantly associated with treatment outcomes. Early treatment, linkage of primary-health facilities to tertiary health-care centers, and availability of diagnostics should be promoted to improve patient outcomes.The rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), a brake of the dopamine system, is specifically activated by aversive stimuli, such as foot shock. It is principally composed of gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons. However, there is no exact location of the RMTg on the brain stereotaxic atlas. The RMTg can be defined by c-Fos staining elicited by psychostimulants, the position of retrograde-labeled neurons stained by injections into the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the terminal field formed by axons from the lateral habenula, and some molecular markers identified as specifically expressed in the RMTg such as FoxP1. The RMTg receives a broad range of inputs and produces diverse outputs, which indicates that the RMTg has multiple functions. First, the RMTg plays an essential role for non-rapid eye movement sleep. Additionally, the RMTg serves a vital role in response to addiction. Opiates increase the firing rates of dopaminergic neurons in the VTA by acting on μ-opioid receptors on RMTg neurons and their terminals inside the VTA. In this review, we summarize the recent research advances on the anatomical location of the RMTg in rats and mice, its projections, and its regulation of sleep-wake behavior and addiction.
Ethiopian health expenditure as a share of total government expenditure increased from 7.6% in 2013/14 to 8.1% in 2016/17. But it remained low even for the low-income country average expected share of 8.7%. It signifies the efficient use of scarce resources in the health sector is still critical to achieving sustainable development goals. But little evidence is available about public hospitals' technical efficiency in providing maternal health services. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the technical efficiency of maternal health services provision of public hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia.
Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among twelve randomly selected public hospitals. Input data (salary expenditure, non-salary expenditure, and the number of beds) and maternal health services output data (antenatal care, skilled delivery, and postnatal care) for a 2011 Ethiopian fiscal year (July 2018 to June 2019) were collected and entered into Epi-Data 3.1. We used both primary and secondary data collection procedures to determine independent variables and the dependent variable, respectively.
