Coateshardy3975

Objective To evaluate the consistency of different measurement methods of saliva 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) in different glucose metabolism populations. Methods From January 2018 to June 2019, 175 healthy volunteers (21-65 years, 58 males and 117 females) with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 80 diabetic patients (18-70 years, 44 males and 36 females) were enrolled in Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital. Saliva was collected by saliva collection tube, and 1,5-AG was measured using both enzymatic and mass spectrometry methods. Serum 1,5-AG was determined by enzymatic method. Results In NGT subjects, both serum and saliva 1,5-AG levels detected by enzymatic method were positively correlated with the saliva 1,5-AG levels detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (r=0.247 and 0.523, respectively, both P less then 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between saliva and serum 1,5-AG levels detected by enzymatic method (r=-0.074, P=0.333). In diabetic patients, both serum and saliva 1,5-AG levels detected by enzymatic method were positively correlated with the saliva 1,5-AG levels detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (r=0.284 and 0.423, respectively, both P less then 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between saliva and serum 1,5-AG levels detected by enzymatic method (r=-0.079, P=0.487). Conclusions Both serum and saliva 1,5-AG levels detected by enzymatic method have a good consistency with saliva 1,5-AG levels detected by mass spectrometry method. The saliva and serum 1,5-AG levels detected by enzymatic method are not well correlated, and thus the enzymatic detection of saliva 1,5-AG needs further improvement in clinical practice.Objective To analyze whether acute kidney injury (AKI) patients diagnosed by elevated serum creatinine had a higher risk of in-hospital mortality following non-cardiac surgery compared with those diagnosed by oliguria alone according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Methods This was a secondary analysis of a previous retrospective cohort study. A total of 729 consecutive adult patients with high risk of AKI admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Peking University First Hospital after non-cardiac surgery were enrolled in the previous study from July 2017 to June 2018. Postoperative AKI patients were diagnosed and categorized according to KDIGO criteria. In this secondary analysis, all patients with AKI were selected. Patients diagnosed by elevated serum creatinine were enrolled into the AKI-Scr group, while those with oliguria alone were included in the AKI-UO group. A multivariable logistic regression model was established to assess the relationship between elevated serum crcompared with those diagnosed by oliguria alone according to the KDIGO criteria. More attention should be paid to AKI patients diagnosed by elevated serum creatinine, to improve the prognosis.

Abdominal electromyogram or visceromotor response (VMR) elicited by bladder distension is a validated as a measure of bladder nociception in mice, however it is not without its limitations. The aim of this study is to address some of these limitations and validate voiding evoked VMR as a measure of bladder nociception mice.

Using both male and female C57BL/6 mice we assessed the VMR response to cytometry- induced voiding before and after instillation of 0.5% acetic acid into the bladder. We then delivered intravesical lidocaine to confirm the VMR response as nociceptive. VMR and correlative cystometric bladder pressures were analyzed.

We found that the VMR can be evoked by continuous fluid infusion into the bladder of both male and female mice. This response is potentiated after bladder injury and can be attenuated by administration of a local anesthetic, providing strong evidence that this method can be used to evaluate bladder nociception. Further, evaluation of cystometric pressure traces obtained during VMR recording revealed that intercontraction intervals were not altered after bladder injury in either male or female mice. However, we did observe a decrease in peak threshold pressures after bladder injury in female mice, which could be rescued by lidocaine administration.

In conclusion, this technique can measure the VMR and bladder nociception associated with voiding in both female and male mice. Although confounds still exist with the use of anesthesia, further exploration of non-anesthetized voiding-evoked VMR is warranted.

In conclusion, this technique can measure the VMR and bladder nociception associated with voiding in both female and male mice. Although confounds still exist with the use of anesthesia, further exploration of non-anesthetized voiding-evoked VMR is warranted.

This study aimed to clarify the association between frailty and changes in lifestyle and physical or psychological conditions among community-dwelling older adults affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 countermeasures in Japan.

This cross-sectional study was carried out between 8 May and 12 June 2020 in Japan. Self-reported questionnaires were distributed among 1353 older adults. To assess frailty, we used the frailty screening index. To assess changes in lifestyle and physical or psychological conditions, we developed the Questionnaire for Change of Life (QCL), which comprised five items related to frailty. Cronbach's α was calculated as a measure of internal consistency of QCL. We compared the score for each item in the QCL between the frailty and non-frailty groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to show the factors that affect frailty status.

In total, 856 older adults (63.3%) were analyzed. A total of 83 participants (9.7%) had frailty, and 755 participants (90.3%) had non-frailtscle strength, they were significantly more frail. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21 39-42.

Rapidly and safely managing severe acute behavioural disturbance (ABD) in the prehospital setting is important for the welfare of both patient and prehospital clinician alike. We investigated the safety and effectiveness of ketamine as rescue sedation in patients with severe ABD.

This prospective observational study investigated ketamine use by a state ambulance service as rescue sedation for patients with severe ABD who remained agitated following droperidol administration. The primary outcome was the proportion of adverse events (vomiting, hypersalivation, emergence, over-sedation, airway obstruction, laryngospasm, hypoxia, bradypnoea and intubation). Secondary outcomes included time to sedation, requirement for additional sedation and rate of successful sedation.

There were 105 presentations (males 69/102 [69%]; median age 31 years (16-83 years). The commonest causes of ABD were illicit drug (39%) and alcohol (33%) intoxication. The median total dose of intramuscular ketamine was 200 mg (interquartile range [IQR] 150-200 mg). There were 64 adverse events in 40 (38%) patients. Four had vomiting, two had hypersalivation, two had emergence, 15 were oversedated, four had hypoxia, three had bradypnoea and 16 were intubated. Sedation was achieved in 103 (98%) patients at a median time post-ketamine of 8 min (IQR 5-13 min). Additional sedation was administered to 41 patients (nine prehospital and 37 within 1 h of arriving to hospital). In 44 (42%) patients, ketamine successfully sedated the patient with no adverse effects and no ongoing sedation requirement.

The use of ketamine as rescue sedation in prehospital patients with severe ABD is effective. Adverse events are common but can be managed supportively.

The use of ketamine as rescue sedation in prehospital patients with severe ABD is effective. Adverse events are common but can be managed supportively.

Cerebral palsy is the most common physical disability in childhood. Mechanically assisted walking training can be provided with or without body weight support to enable children with cerebral palsy to perform repetitive practice of complex gait cycles. It is important to examine the effects of mechanically assisted walking training to identify evidence-based treatments to improve walking performance.

To assess the effects of mechanically assisted walking training compared to control for walking, participation, and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy 3 to 18 years of age.

In January 2020, we searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, six other databases, and two trials registers. We handsearched conference abstracts and checked reference lists of included studies.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs, including cross-over trials, comparing any type of mechanically assisted walking training (with or without body weight support) with no walking training or the same dose of overground walerground walking training for walking speed and gross motor function. Not many studies reported adverse events, although those that did appeared to show no differences between groups. The results are largely not clinically significant, sample sizes are small, and risk of bias and intensity of intervention vary across studies, making it hard to draw robust conclusions. Mechanically assisted walking training is a means to undertake high-intensity, repetitive, task-specific training and may be useful for children with poor concentration.

Antimicrobials save millions of lives annually from dying because of bacterial infections, but the rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) becomes a global threat. The Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) has taken containment measures to limit the misuse of antimicrobials via implementing restrictions on dispensing without prescriptions. Hence, we aim to evaluate the impact of regulating antimicrobial sales and identify challenges that pharmacists are facing to prevent self-medication with antimicrobial agents.

A cross-sectional study was conducted using two sources of data sales reports from 3000 pharmacies in Saudi Arabia and a self-designed questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 24 items written in English and Arabic languages, went through multiple steps to ensure validity and reliability and then distributed online. Descriptive analyses were used to present the results.

A total of 106 pharmacists completed the questionnaire. Sixty-three per cent of the respondents observed a reduction oftices.Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) makes it possible to treat intralobar sequestration (ILS) more minimally invasive compared with conventional open surgery. However, this procedure is challenging to expose and isolate the aberrant arteries of ILS and the risk of bleeding is high. Herein, we developed a modified VATS procedure in which the aberrant vessels are treated in the last step of lobectomy, rather than at the beginning. In this way, we can expose the aberrant vessels easier and reduce the risk of massive blood loss, also simplifying the surgical procedure.Pituitary tumours are a common cause of functional impairment and degeneration of the anterior visual pathway. Depending on localization and size, they clinically manifest as initially reversible visual field defects. As part of interdisciplinary tumour management, ophthalmologic examinations are of particular importance concerning diagnostics, indication for tumour resection and documentation of functional surgical results. Based on the relationship between clinical dysfunction and manifest atrophy, together with the patient's age and the duration of symptoms, the ophthalmologist can provide insights into the postoperative visual prognosis. Under good conditions, surgical tumour resection often results in significant improvements to visual fields and acuity. see more Long-term ophthalmological controls are required in cases of persistent visual loss, radiotherapy or tumour remnants abutting the visual pathway.