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No significant differences (p>0.05) were found for body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and water consumption between groups during the starter (1-21 days old), grower (22-35 days old), and whole (1-35 days old) growth periods. Moreover, no significant differences in villi height and crypt depth (p>0.05) at 21 and 35 days of age were found. Selleck Ceralasertib In addition, no significant difference in terms of lactic acid bacteria and
was found between the different treatments.
Drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar was not found to have an effect on the growth performance and gut microbial of broiler chickens in the present study. However, the supplementation of wood vinegar in drinking water could improve intestinal morphology.
Drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar was not found to have an effect on the growth performance and gut microbial of broiler chickens in the present study. However, the supplementation of wood vinegar in drinking water could improve intestinal morphology.
Camels are important livestock in Egypt on cultural and economic bases, but studies of etiological agents of camelid diseases are limited. The enteropathogen
is a cause of broad spectrum gastrointestinal infections among humans and animals, especially in developing countries. Severe infections can lead to death. The current study aimed to identify pathogenic
strains that cause diarrhea in camel calves and characterize their virulence and drug resistance at a molecular level.
Seventy fecal samples were collected from diarrheic neonatal camel calves in Giza Governorate during 2018-2019. Samples were cultured on a selective medium for
, and positive colonies were confirmed biochemically, serotyped, and tested for antibiotic susceptibility.
isolates were further confirmed through detection of the housekeeping gene,
O, and examined for the presence of virulence genes;
T and
H and for genes responsible for antibiotic resistance,
C,
B, and
A. The isolates in the important isolated serotype, including diarrhea often caused by microbial pathogens. Enteropathogenic
. link2
serotypes were isolated from diarrheic neonatal camel calves. These isolates exhibited virulence and multiple drug resistance genes.
Camels and other livestock suffer various diseases, including diarrhea often caused by microbial pathogens. Enteropathogenic E. coli serotypes were isolated from diarrheic neonatal camel calves. These isolates exhibited virulence and multiple drug resistance genes.
Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the major disruptors of oocyte developmental competence, which appears due to the imbalance between the production and neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
In Experiment 1, buffalo oocytes were
matured, fertilized, and cultured at 38.5°C under 5% CO
+ 20% O
in standard CO
incubator (OS) or under 5% O
+ 5% CO
+ 90% N
(Multi-gas incubator, low O
). In Experiment 2, buffalo cumulus oocytes complexes (COCs) were matured in Basic maturation medium (BMM) composed of TCM199+ 10% FCS+ 10 µg/ml FSH+ 50 µg/ml gentamicin (control group) or in BMM supplemented with 50 μM ascorbic acid (ascorbic acid group) or 3.0 mM glutathione (glutathione group) or 10
M melatonin (melatonin group) and cultured at 38.5°C under 20% O
for 24 h. Matured buffalo oocytes in control, ascorbic acid, or melatonin groups were fertilized and zygotes were cultured for 8 days under the same conditions.
In both experiments, maturation, cleavage, and blastocyst rates were recorded. Results showed that culture of buffalo oocytes under low O
(5% O
) significantly increased maturation, cleavage, and blastocyst rates (p<0.05). Meanwhile, under 20% O
, addition of 10
M melatonin or 50 μM ascorbic acid to
maturation (IVM) medium significantly improved cumulus cell expansion, nuclear maturation rates of buffalo oocytes (p<0.05), and increased cleavage and blastocyst rates (p<0.05).
About 5% O
is the optimum condition for
production of buffalo embryos, and addition of 10
M melatonin to IVM medium for oocytes cultured under 20% O
could alleviate the adverse effect of high oxygen tension and increased embryo yield.
About 5% O2 is the optimum condition for in vitro production of buffalo embryos, and addition of 10-5 M melatonin to IVM medium for oocytes cultured under 20% O2 could alleviate the adverse effect of high oxygen tension and increased embryo yield.
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) or Gumboro disease is one of the most detrimental diseases in the poultry industry worldwide. Previous scientific studies have shown that live IBD vaccination might induce transient immunosuppression, leading to suboptimal vaccine responses, and therefore lack of protection against other infectious diseases; therefore, selecting an IBD vaccine in commercial farms is a concern. This study aims to compare two commercially attenuated IBD vaccines (intermediate and intermediate-plus strains) in terms of safety and antibody response to IBD and Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) in commercial broilers.
Overall, 216 Cobb broiler chickens were divided into three groups based on the IBD vaccine strain administered V217 strain (Group 1), M.B. strain (Group 2), and an unvaccinated group (Group 3). Groups 1 and 2 were orally vaccinated with Hitchner B1 NDV vaccine strain 7 days after IBD vaccination. Blood samples were collected at IBD vaccination day (15 days of age) and at 7, 14, 21, anand higher ND antibody response present in the V217 group indicate that the V217 strain induces lower immunosuppressive effects compared to the M.B. strain.
The results of this study indicate that IBD vaccine selection merits consideration, as avoiding the immunosuppressive effects induced by live IBD vaccination and the consequent impact on response to other vaccines is important.
The results of this study indicate that IBD vaccine selection merits consideration, as avoiding the immunosuppressive effects induced by live IBD vaccination and the consequent impact on response to other vaccines is important.
Nitrate (NO
) reduces enteric methane emissions and could be a source of non-protein nitrogen in ruminant feeds. Nonetheless, it has a potential toxic effect that could compromise animal health and production. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of progressive inclusion of NO
in the diet on the hematological, biochemical, and blood gases parameters, in turn, the effects on feed intake and live weight gain (LWG) in Holstein calves.
Eighteen Holstein heifers and steers (nine animals/treatment) were maintained in individual pens for 45 days. Animals were randomly allocated to either a control or nitrate diet (ND) (containing 15 g of NO
/kg of dry matter [DM]). The biochemical parameters and blood gases were analyzed only in the NO
group on days -1, 1, 7, 13, 19, and 25 corresponding to 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of the total inclusion of NO
in the diet, respectively. In addition, DM intake (DMI) and LWG were evaluated among dietary treatments.
Feeding the ND did not intudy confirmed that the progressive inclusion of 123 g of NO3-/animal/day in the diet could be safe without affecting DMI and LWG of Holstein calves. In turn, a dose-response effect of the MetHb, glucose, urea, AST, and retinol was observed, but these values did not exceed reference values. These results highlighted the importance of using a scheme of progressive inclusion of NO3- in the diet of calves to reduce the risks of NO3- toxicity.
Jacob sheep are a rare ancient breed of sheep believed to have originated from the Mediterranean area but which are now kept throughout the world. These sheep have recently attracted medical interest due to the observation of a genetic disorder in the breed that can be used as an animal model of Tay-Sachs disease (TSD). This study aims to detect mutations in the Hexosaminidase A gene in Jacob sheep based on sequence analysis of the 284-bp fragment situated between exon 11 and intron 11 of the gene, a target sequence for site-specific mutation. This is the first study that has investigated Jacob sheep in Bulgaria for gene-specific mutations.
A total of 20 blood samples were collected from Jacob sheep from the Rhodope Mountains. DNA was isolated from these samples, and a specific 284-bp fragment was amplified. The amplified products were purified using a polymerase chain reaction purification kit and sequenced in both directions.
Target sequences were successfully amplified from all 20 investigated sheep.uman classical late-infantile form of this disorder, indicating that the model can serve as a possible new research tool for further study of the pathogenesis and treatment of TSD.
Centroblastic lymphoma (CBL) is the most common morphological type of lymphoma found in dogs; it is usually identified through cytology in veterinary clinical practice. This study aimed to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics of dogs with CBL that was diagnosed with cytology and immunocytochemistry.
Dogs with a suspicion of lymphoma were diagnosed by cytology supported by immunocytochemistry with the use of the updated Kiel classification adapted for dogs. During the analyzed time period, 336 lymphomas were diagnosed in dogs, including 171 cases of CBL. Epidemiological and clinical data from the dogs with CBL were provisionally collected.
The epidemiology analysis revealed an increased risk of CBL in Rottweilers, golden retrievers, and Bernese mountain dogs. At admission, most of the dogs displayed generalized lymphadenopathy with spleen and liver enlargement. The most common hematological abnormality was leukocytosis due to neutrophilia. The most common biochemical abnormality was elevated alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities and selective hypoproteinemia due to hypoalbuminemia.
Rottweilers, Bernese mountain dogs, and golden retrievers appear to be overrepresented among dogs with CBL. CBL is usually diagnosed at an advanced clinical stage according to the World Health Organization; however, it is usually accompanied by only minor hematological and biochemical abnormalities.
Rottweilers, Bernese mountain dogs, and golden retrievers appear to be overrepresented among dogs with CBL. CBL is usually diagnosed at an advanced clinical stage according to the World Health Organization; however, it is usually accompanied by only minor hematological and biochemical abnormalities.
Mastitis is one of the most important diseases of cows and the most expensive pathology for the dairy industry. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the role of microorganisms isolated from cows with mastitis in the formation of biofilms under the conditions of farm biogeocenosis in the Moscow region.
Periodic visits to 12 farms in the Moscow region were conducted to explore the microbial profile of the udder of cows with mastitis. During the visits, 103 milk samples from sick animals were collected and examined. Through microbiological analyses, 486 cultures of microorganisms were identified, which are assigned to 11 genera. Mastitis in cows is caused not only by a single pathogen but also by microbial associations, which included two to seven microbial isolates.
It was observed that 309 isolates (63.6%) from the total number of isolated microorganisms could form a biofilm. link3 The ability to form biofilms was most frequently observed in
(18.8%),
(11.9%), and
(11.7%) cultures from the total number of biofilm-forming microbial cultures.
