Danielsenpratt2301

001, one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc test), indicating that the cell lines carrying ABCG2 wt and ABCG2 34G > A actively transports erlotinib out of the cells. The ABCG2 34G > A cell line had a higher transport capacity compared with ABCG2 wt after adjusting for ABCG2 expression (P = .024, t test). No differences were observed between K562/ve and K562 ABCG2 421 C > A. Genetic polymorphism in the ABCG2 gene has an influence on the transport of erlotinib which can contribute to the observed variation in erlotinib pharmacokinetics and toxicity. © 2020 The Authors. Pharmacology Research & Perspectives published by British Pharmacological Society and American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.AIM Although insulin resistance (IR) is a growing trait among type 1 diabetes (T1D) population, its relationship with atherosclerosis has been scarcely studied. We assessed the association between IR indexes and carotid atherosclerosis in T1D, a population at high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated 191 participants with T1D and no prior CVD with at least one of the following criteria ≥40 years old; diabetic nephropathy; or T1D duration ≥10 years harbouring ≥1 additional CVD risk factor. IR was assessed with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) harmonized definition proposed in 2009 and the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), a T1D-specific IR surrogate marker (lower values indicating higher IR). Standardized carotid ultrasonography was performed, recording intima-media thickness (IMT), plaque presence and maximum height of plaque. Comparisons between patients according to their MetS status as well as concerning eGDR values were performed. RESULTS The participants' median age was 47.4 (41.1-53.3) years and diabetes duration 25.7 (21.6-32.5) years. Plaque prevalence was higher in patients with greater IR (49.1%, 29.1% and 20%, P = .001, for any plaque according to decreasing eGDR tertiles). Conversely, no statistically significant higher plaque prevalence was found in participants with MetS. In multivariate analyses (adjusted for general- and T1D-specific risk factors, and statin treatment), MetS was associated with neither IMT nor plaque. On the contrary, eGDR was independently related to ≥2 plaques (P = .018) and maximum plaque height (P  less then  .01). CONCLUSIONS In T1D, IR assessed through eGDR but not by MetS definition was independently associated with plaque burden, a predictor of CVD. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Diabetic ketoacidosis, a life-threatening complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus, is a common cause of presentation to EDs. Two new drug classes have been found to cause ketoacidosis with distinctive presentations. The sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus may present with ketoacidosis with normal glucose levels. Ketoacidosis with these medications may be prolonged and recur after initial resolution. Checkpoint inhibitors may present with fulminant diabetic ketoacidosis in individuals with previously normal glucose tolerance. Ketoacidosis may also occur as a result of starvation and alcohol excess, as well as a number of rare causes. Other causes of metabolic acidosis with both high and normal anion gap need to be considered in the differential diagnosis of ketoacidosis. Diabetic ketoacidosis may also present with biochemical changes suggestive of myocardial ischaemia and pancreatitis in the absence of these pathologies. The present paper reviews ketone body metabolism, ketone testing and the causes and differential diagnosis of ketoacidosis with particular relevance to emergency medicine. © 2020 Australasian College for Emergency Medicine.Although isoquinoline is a good traditional fluorescent structural unit, most of its derivatives emit fluorescence in solution and a few of them can emit solid-state fluorescence as well. Herein, a series of multisubstituted 1-aminoisoquinoline derivatives were synthesized by a simple reaction of a readily available 4H-pyran derivative and secondary amines. The reaction had advantages of metal-free, mild conditions, simple operation, and good yields, which was realized by a ring-opening and sequential ring-closing mechanism. These 1-aminoisoquinoline derivatives were found to exhibit interesting dual-state emissions. In the solution, they emitted strong blue fluorescence at about 458 nm. In the solid state, they emitted solid-state blue fluorescence at 444-468 nm with high fluorescence quantum yields of 40.3-98.1%. Crystal structural analyses indicated that solid-state emissions of these compounds originated from twisted molecular conformations and the resultant loose stacking arrangements. Furthermore, their solid-state fluorescence wavelengths were demonstrated to depend on molecular conformations rather than stacking arrangements. The discovery of these 1-aminoisoquinolines with multiple reaction sites provides new possibilities for the development of solid-state fluorescent materials based on the traditional isoquinoline skeleton. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Andersson lesion (AL) treatments and prognostic factors using medium- to long-term follow-up data and discuss the clinical characteristics and treatment of AL. Forty-eight consecutive AL cases at our center from June 2011 to March 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, including 13 cases treated conservatively and 35 treated surgically. Epidemiological characteristics, treatment modalities, clinical features and outcomes, and prognostic factors of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) recovery rate were reviewed. Neurological functional recovery was evaluated by American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classification. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by JOA score, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and Cobb's angle. Wnt inhibitor The mean overall follow-up duration was 44.5±18.5 months (range, 27-85 months). There were 36 male and 12 female patients, with a mean age of 49.4±13.1 years (range, 26-72 years). The most common lesion location was the thoracolumbar region, i.