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Escherichia coli were the most common isolated organism followed by Klebsiella. The various factors that predispose to development of SBP include low ascitic fluid protein concentration, a high level of serum bilirubin, deranged serum creatinine, high Child-Pugh score and high MELD score.

Ascitic fluid analysis remains the single most important test for identifying and assessing a course of SBP. Bedside inoculation of 10-20ml of ascitic fluid into culture bottle at patient bedside will yield better results. Early diagnosis and treatment will reduce the mortality rate in these patients.

Ascitic fluid analysis remains the single most important test for identifying and assessing a course of SBP. Bedside inoculation of 10-20ml of ascitic fluid into culture bottle at patient bedside will yield better results. Early diagnosis and treatment will reduce the mortality rate in these patients.

In recent years, abnormal lipid deposition (both lipoatrophy and fat redistribution) and its related complications have changed from an anecdotal issue into a major problem for HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infected patients on HAART (Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy). Lipoatrophy and fat redistribution are potentially stigmatizing complications of HAART and leads to poor adherence among patients. Hence we conducted this study to determine the pattern and to assess various risk factors for maldeposition of lipids in HIV patients.

A cross-sectional case series study was conducted in ART PLUS centre, Bellary over a period of 8 months from January to August 2014 in HIV patients on ART to determine risk factors associated with and epidemiological pattern of fat redistribution or atrophy.

A total of 50 patients with LD lipodystrophy (26 with fat redestribution and 24 with lipoatrophy LA were diagnosed in this period. Most of them belonged to younger age and was commonly seen in females (76%). Pand awareness about LD. Also adopting the least toxic regimen is one of the main aspects of LD management.

This study shows the need to identify and impact of LD with respect to treatment adherence in young patients especially female patients. Early community based screening for LD by social workers and targeted annual screening might help early detection and awareness about LD. Also adopting the least toxic regimen is one of the main aspects of LD management.

Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is one of the commonest causes of patient's visit to the Emergency Room (ER). Hospitalisation of patient depends on severity of pneumonia. Various pneumonia severity assessment scores are available to predict mortality in community acquired pneumonia but these scores are not commonly used. Procalcitonin is a biomarker which is raised in bacterial infection and is easy and quick to measure. The aim of our study was to assess the ability of baseline serum procalcitonin level to predict mortality of community acquired bacterial pneumonia compared to PSI, CURB-65 and CRB-65 and its add-on value to the simple CRB-65 score.

Fifty five patients admitted with Com-munity Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia were enrolled after taking informed consent and satisfying all inclusion and exclusion criteria. PSI, CURB -65, CRB-65 and PCT scores were determined on admission. PCT was measured by semi- quantitative assay; PCT Q. Primary outcome was 30 day mortality. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of PCT for assessing mortality was calculated and compared to validated pneumonia severity scores; PSI, CURB-65 and CRB-65. We also assessed the ability of the combination of PCT to each of the scores to predict 30 day pneumonia specific mortality.

In receiver operating characteristic analysis for mortality prediction, area under curve (95% CI) for PCT, PSI, CURB-65 and CRB-65 was 0.92 (0.85, 1.0), 0.88 (0.78, 0.98), 0.88 (0.76, 0.99), 0.9 (0.78, 1.0) respectively. Combination of PCT to each of the scores improved the prognostic ability to predict 30 day pneumonia specific mortality.

Semi-quantitative PCT level at admission is an excellent test to predict the outcome of pneumonia. It predicts patients at low risk of mortality from community acquired bacterial pneumonia.

Semi-quantitative PCT level at admission is an excellent test to predict the outcome of pneumonia. It predicts patients at low risk of mortality from community acquired bacterial pneumonia.

Standard achromatic perimetry tests the differential light sensitivity whereas the frequency doubling technology tests the contrast sensitivity. The aim of this study was to compare and correlate the visual field indices with three different types of perimeters namely frequency doubling perimetry (FDP), Humphrey field analyser (HFA) and Octopus Interzeag 1-2-3 (OI) for detecting glaucomatous field defects.

Prospective cross-sectional observational study.

Hundred eyes of 50 glaucoma patients were studied. All the patients underwent visual field examinations by Octopus Interzeag 1-2-3, Humphrey field Analyser II and Frequency Doubling perimetry (FDP). The correlations of the global indices were compared. The time taken to perform the test with the three perimeters was analysed.

The visual field plotting by the perimeters were comparable and significant positive correlation was observed. click here The time taken to perform visual field test by Octopus Interzeag 1-2-3 was shorter than the other two methods.

The visual field plotting by Octopus Interzeag 1-2-3, Humphrey field analyser and frequency doubling technology perimetry were comparable and Octopus field plotting takes lesser time than the rest two methods.

The visual field plotting by Octopus Interzeag 1-2-3, Humphrey field analyser and frequency doubling technology perimetry were comparable and Octopus field plotting takes lesser time than the rest two methods.Dermal eccrine cylindroma is a benign adnexal tumour commonly affecting the neck, scalp and skin of elderly individuals. These are poorly circumscribed dermal or subcutaneous lesions consisting of numerous rounded ovoid or cord shaped dermal island that fit together to form a jigsaw pattern. Malignant transformation is not commonly seen. This case highlights malignant transformation of a dermal eccrine cylindroma in the post aural region extending to involve the underlying mastoid bone.

Despite world-wide evidence of increased antibiotic resistance, there is scarce data on antibiotic resistance in community settings. One of the reason being difficulty in collection of biological specimen (traditionally stool) in community from apparently healthy individuals. Hence, finding an alternative specimen that is easier to obtain in a community setting or in large scale surveys for the purpose, is crucial. We conducted this study to explore the feasibility of using urine samples for deriving community based estimates of antibiotic resistance and to estimate the magnitude of resistance among urinary isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia against multiple antibiotics in apparently healthy individuals residing in a rural community of Haryana, North India.

Eligible individuals were apparently healthy, aged 18 years or older. Using the health management information system (HMIS) of Ballabgarh Health Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), sampling frame was prepared. Potential individuay magnitude of antibiotic resistance in population based surveys. At community level, resistance to amoxicillin was considerable, negligible for co-trimoxazole, and to higher antibiotics including carbapenems.

It is feasible to use urine sample to study magnitude of antibiotic resistance in population based surveys. At community level, resistance to amoxicillin was considerable, negligible for co-trimoxazole, and to higher antibiotics including carbapenems.

India is known for its diverse social and cultural backgrounds with wide range of myths and misconceptions related to diseases/illnesses. One such belief is certain food taboos and diet restrictions practiced following dog bite, which is widely prevalent.

This is a community based cross- sectional study conducted among adults population in Anakaputhur area of Kancheepuram district. The sample size was estimated to be 275 based on previous study data and simple random sampling method was used for data collection. Data collected was analysed using SPSS version 16 and results described using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test was used for finding statistical association.

About 84.4% of the study participants said that some kind of restrictions should be followed in case of dog bite, among them 68.7% said non vegetarian foods should be avoided. About 81 % of those bitten by dogs followed some form of food restrictions. Nearly 93.6% of those bitten did follow certain restrictions, based on advice of family members/relatives while about 6.4% of the study group followed restrictions based on advice by 'medical personnel'. Illiterates and those educated up to high school; participants with no history of animal bite in their family, were more at risk of having misconceptions (p<0.05). Pet owners have more misconceptions compared to non pet owners.

This study reveals the existence of certain food taboos in case of dog bite among the study population. These practices and taboos are of no use and can be harmful at times. It is important to clear these misconceptions through appropriate health education measures for better health seeking behaviour and management.

This study reveals the existence of certain food taboos in case of dog bite among the study population. These practices and taboos are of no use and can be harmful at times. It is important to clear these misconceptions through appropriate health education measures for better health seeking behaviour and management.

Despite high prevalence of diabetes, translation of practice recommendations to care is still deficient in Asian and developed countries. The objective of this study is to assess the quality of care provided to diabetic patients and extent of knowledge transfer by the provider to these patients as a measure of the quality of service.

A cross sectional study was done among 190 diabetic patients over a period of 6 months. All type II diabetic patients, 30 years and above, who were diagnosed at least 1 year back without any other co-morbidity satisfied the inclusion criteria. They were interviewed based on an audit checklist formulated by National Diabetes Quality Improvement Alliance.

The results revealed that blood pressure is the only parameter which is regularly monitored in majority (93%) of the diabetics. Hb1AC, LDL cholesterol and eye check up were less common and done only in 40%, 52.6% and 56.8% of diabetics respectively. Only 33(17.37%) had at least 5 of the 7 essential parameters monitored at le care providers and applicable to our country at the national level. Continuing audit of patients with diabetes is a feasible and a very useful method of promoting and helping to achieve the management goals of a good quality care.

Several indicators have been used for measurement of under nutrition in the past. They are overlapping and none individually provide a comprehensive number of under nourished in the community. The effort has been to discuss the use of an alternative indicator of malnutrition - the composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF).

To study the prevalence of under nutrition of Toddlers using CIAF and compare the prevalence of under nutrition obtained by primitive indicators and CIAF.

Cross-sectional community based study was carried out in urban slums of Raipur (C.G) during Jan 01,2014 to Sept 30, 2014 using sample size of 602. Slums were selected by multistage random sampling and the subjects were selected by convenient sampling, i.e. starting from a random point house to house survey was carried out until desired number of subjects (According to PPS) were covered assuming that slum population is evenly distributed. Attendant of Toddlers were interviewed with semi structured proforma and Height and Weight were measured by measuring tape and Salter's weighing machine respectively.