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mentation. Identifying feasible and sustainable interventions that can be taken to reduce antibiotic use, and understanding implementation barriers, are important for addressing antibiotic resistance and ensuring the continued efficacy of antibiotics. This is vital to ensuring the productivity of the tilapia sector in Egypt. The approach taken in the present study provides a means to identify points in the system where the effectiveness of interventions can be evaluated and thus it may be applied to other food production systems to combat the problem of antibiotic resistance.Mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) is a novel ferritin that is localized in the mitochondria. FtMt expression is low in the liver and spleen, and high in the heart, testis, and brain. We previously detected FtMt in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in human and monkey midbrains. We investigated the localization and expression of FtMt in the midbrain of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and controls using a monoclonal antibody (C65-2) against human FtMt. FtMt immunoreactivity was weakly detected in neuromelanin-containing neurons in the SNc and ventral tegmental area (VTA) of control cases compared with PSP, which exhibited a remarkable increase in FtMt immunoreactivity. Preincubation of C65-2 with the immunizing FtMt peptide significantly reduced the staining, indicating the specificity of C65-2. Several puncta were observed outside the neurons of PSP, in contrast with the control cases. Double immunofluorescence histochemistry for FtMt and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), glial fibrillary acidic protein, and Iba1 showed localization of FtMt in dopaminergic neurons, microglia, and astrocytes in PSP. Furthermore, FtMt immunoreactivity was detected in a few TH-negative neurons. In the SNc and VTA, FtMt immunoreactivity colocalized with phosphorylated tau immunoreactivity. Our results indicate that FtMt is involved in the pathology of PSP. Clarifying the involvement of FtMt in PSP is of great interest.Pituitary adenomas are common, benign brain tumors. Some tumors show aggressive phenotypes including early recurrence, local invasion and distant metastasis, but the underlying mechanism to drive the progression of pituitary tumors has remained to be clarified. Aerobic glycolysis known as the Warburg effect is one of the emerging hallmarks of cancer, which has an impact on the tumor biology partly through epigenetic regulation of the tumor-promoting genes. Here, we demonstrate metabolic reprogramming in pituitary tumors contributes to tumor cell growth with epigenetic changes such as histone acetylation. Notably, a shift in histone acetylation increases the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) oncogene, which drives metabolism-dependent cell proliferation in pituitary tumors. These indicate that epigenetic changes could be the specific biomarker for predicting the behavior of pituitary tumors and exploitable as a novel target for the aggressive types of the pituitary tumors.MicroRNA (miRNA), a non-coding single-stranded RNA molecule with 20-23 nucleotides encoded by endogenous genes, plays an essential role in maintaining normal cell function and regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, autophagy, and cell metabolism. The imbalance between miRNA and genes can cause a series of diseases, including malignancies. miRNA-326 (miR-326) is extensively known for its core regulation of various biological processes. This review presents an overview of the highlights of miR-326 in female-related diseases. To understand the impact of miR-326 on female disorders, we search all published studies about miR-326 having a high incidence in female conditions, including cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, breast cancer, intrauterine adhesion, and multiple autoimmune diseases. We aim to learn about the mutual regulation mechanism between miR-326 and related genes and signaling pathways, as well as to elaborate on the value of miR-326 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target of female diseases. Our results provide reliable evidence and new strategies for treating female tumors and autoimmune diseases.This study examines the perspectives and lived experiences of 10 urban secondary mathematics teachers from two epicenters of COVID-19 in the United States regarding their transition to digital learning during the 2019-2020 academic year. We use case study methodology with phenomenological interviews to gather insights into the teachers' efforts to modify their mathematics instruction and curriculum while navigating observed digital inequities and new digital tools for mathematics teaching. We also report on the teachers' targeted attempts to bridge home and school while problematizing the threatened humanistic aspect of remote teaching and learning. These frontline experiences recognize technology-associated systemic inequities in marginalized, urban communities and the need to strategize ways to implement equity-oriented technology integration that benefits all learners, especially urban youth. By critically examining digital education in the urban context, crucial conversations can transpire that critique (and disrupt) the digital divide in mathematics education and open doors for other stakeholders to broadly discuss the logistics and implications of digital education to enhance new ways of teaching and learning.
The general medical council (GMC) conducts the National Training Survey (NTS) annually. Part of the survey illustrates the statistics of United Kingdom medical school graduates in core and speciality application. We aimed to review the speciality training application and performance of graduates of Queen's University Belfast (QUB), and compared with graduates of medical schools in England, Scotland, and Wales.
The progression reports from the GMC NTS 2016-2019 were accessed on the GMC website. All data available were extracted in April 2020. The mean results for all graduates of 33 UK medical schools in Northern Ireland, England, Scotland, and Wales were collated from the NTS. Applications to the seven specialities with the greatest number of posts available across the UK were analysed.
No differences were noted in the majority of the application stages when comparing graduates from QUB with other UK medical school graduates. However, QUB graduates were less likely to be invited for an interview when applying for core surgical training AND receive an offer for Core Anaesthetic and ACCS Training. QUB graduates were less likely to apply for General Practice training.
Our study evaluates the performance of QUB graduates compared to other UK medical graduates in core/speciality application. Based on our findings, QUB and postgraduate deaneries may consider focussing on strengthening applications for aspiring surgeons, improving interview performance for anaesthetics and ACCS applicants, and attracting trainees to pursue a career in General Practice.
Our study evaluates the performance of QUB graduates compared to other UK medical graduates in core/speciality application. Based on our findings, QUB and postgraduate deaneries may consider focussing on strengthening applications for aspiring surgeons, improving interview performance for anaesthetics and ACCS applicants, and attracting trainees to pursue a career in General Practice.Many of us are involved in the education and training of junior doctors. Maintaining and improving the quality of such training is the common goal of all medical educators, including those working in the Northern Ireland Medical and Dental Training Agency (NIMDTA) and within our hospitals - the Local Education Providers (LEPs). The development of NIMDTA's Placement Quality Initiative (PQI) aims to create a more collaborative working relationship between NIMDTA and the LEPs, working together, to achieve a shared goal and develop and implement strategies to improve current practice. We review the PQI process, from both a trainee and trainer's perspective, and ascertain if this approach has facilitated positive, reproducible changes in training programmes that are felt at ground level.
Traditional surgical dogma is that paediatric appendicitis necessitates an appendicectomy; however there is an increasing cohort of evidence suggesting that non-operative management (NOM) using antibiotic therapy is safe and effective. During the COVID-19 surge (April - June 2020) with centralization of paediatric surgical care and risks from anaesthetics to both patients and staff a NOM pathway was used to manage clinically diagnosed appendicitis in the Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children (RBHSC).
Prospective data collection was undertaken of all children (<16 years) diagnosed with appendicitis who entered the NOM pathway in RBHSC from 01/04/2020 to 30/06/2020. This was compared to a cohort from the same timeframe in 2019. Primary end-points were inpatient success rate of NOM and 30-day success rate of NOM (success defined as no appendectomy performed).
47 patients completed the NOM pathway, with 43% (20/47) suspected to have complicated appendicitis. AS101 The cohort was similar to that of 2019 in tt modality with a return to normal theatre availability. In the interests of antibiotic stewardship we would not advocate NOM pathways utilisation by non-surgical clinicians.From the outset of the Covid-19 pandemic, diabetes has been identified as attracting higher rates of severe infection and associated mortality. Our understanding of the mechanisms behind these observations continue to develop but it is clear that the comorbidities associated with diabetes play a key role. Here we provide a brief overview of the clinical implications relevant to Covid-19 infection in diabetes and outline the changes we have instituted to adapt the management of both acute hyperglycaemic emergencies and routine diabetes care during the current pandemic.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been suggestions that there will be a reduction in cancer diagnoses, causing a detrimental effect on patients1. We therefore conducted an analysis to assess if there has been a reduction in new haematological malignancy diagnoses within the Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (BHSCT).
We observed a significant decline in diagnostic tests used in the diagnosis of haematological malignancies. We therefore decided to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on the volume of tests performed to see if this impacted the number of new cases of haematological malignancies diagnosed. To ascertain the number of new diagnoses referred to Clinical Haematology we decided to analyse the number of new diagnoses discussed at the local Multidisciplinary Team Meetings (MDM) between March and June 2020 and compare this with the same period in 2019. In line with NICE guidelines2 there has been no change to the referral pathway for patients with new haematological malignancy.
Results show that there is no significant difference between the number of new malignant haematological diagnoses discussed during March to June 2020 and the same period in 2019. This confirms that the number of new diagnoses remains the same within the two time periods.
This analysis highlights that despite a reduction in primary and secondary care diagnostic blood tests, there is no difference in the number of new cases of haematological malignancies discussed at Haematology MDM throughout the first surge of the COVID-19 pandemic locally.
This analysis highlights that despite a reduction in primary and secondary care diagnostic blood tests, there is no difference in the number of new cases of haematological malignancies discussed at Haematology MDM throughout the first surge of the COVID-19 pandemic locally.
