Dunlapgilmore2742

In network neuroscience, temporal network models have gained popularity. In these models, network properties have been related to cognition and behavior. Here, we demonstrate that calculating nodal properties that are dependent on temporal community structure (such as the participation coefficient [PC]) in time-varying contexts can potentially lead to misleading results. this website Specifically, with regards to the participation coefficient, increases in integration can be inferred when the opposite is occurring. Further, we present a temporal extension to the PC measure (temporal PC) that circumnavigates this problem by jointly considering all community partitions assigned to a node through time. The proposed method allows us to track a node's integration through time while adjusting for the possible changes in the community structure of the overall network. © 2020 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Ever-evolving advances in synthetic protocols including water-compatible catalysts have enriched current understanding of sustainable organic chemistry. However, the lack of a clearly defined classification system has led to confusion when referring to chemical processes performed using water without any organic solvents. In this discussion, we propose that reactions should be collectively called to be "in water", as long as operated "in water" when water is used as a reaction medium. When the reactions are accelerated in water as heterogeneous mixtures, they can be regarded as following an "on-water" mechanism . Because the original term "on water" coined by Sharpless is incompatible with the concept of catalyst, on water used in this review covers all the interface involving water where the reactions are accelerated in comparison with the corresponding homogeneous system. As a result of unconcluded dispute on the conventional "on water" model, the modified interface model defines three water layers water molecules are oriented to extrude protons toward the oil phase in the inner surface, surrounded by a secondary layer, and finally enwrapped by the bulk water layer. Furthermore, catalytic reactions performed in water are categorized in a broad sense into seven types. In the light of the latitudinous outlook on the role of water at the interface, selected examples of reactions especially over the past decade that can give higher yield in 100% water than in organic solvents are herein reviewed to understand the contribution of the water molecules at multifarious interfaces. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Methamphetamine (METH) -induced behavioral sensitization depends on long-term neuroplasticity in the mesolimbic dopamine system, especially in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). miR-128, a brain enriched miRNA, was found to have abilities in regulating neuronal excitability and formation of fear-extinction memory. Here, we aim to identify the role of miR-128 on METH-induced locomotor sensitization of male mice. We identified a significant increase of miR-128 in the NAc of mice upon repeated-intermittent METH exposure but not acute METH administration. Microinjection of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-miR-128 over-expression and inhibition constructs into the NAc of mice resulted in enhanced METH-induced locomotor sensitization and attenuated effects of METH respectively. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) were carried out to uncover the potential molecular mechanisms underlying miR-128-regulated METH sensitization. Differentially expressed proteins, including 25 potential targets for miR-128 were annotated in regulatory pathways that modulate dendritic spines, synaptic transmission and neuritogenesis. Of which, Arf6, Cpeb3 and Nlgn1, were found to be participating in miR-128-regulated METH sensitization. Consistently, METH-induced abnormal changes of Arf6, Cpeb3 and Nlgn1 in the NAc of mice were also detected by qPCR and validated by western blot analysis. Thus, miR-128 may contribute to METH sensitization through controlling neuroplasticity. Our study suggested miR-128 was an important regulator of METH- induced sensitization and also provided the potential molecular networks of miR-128 in regulating METH-induced sensitization. © 2020 Society for the Study of Addiction.Chondrocyte apoptosis plays an important role in the developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) development. It has been found that WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2 (WISP-2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) are involved in cell apoptosis. In this study, we performed the straight-leg swaddling DDH rat model and we found that cartilage degradation and chondrocyte apoptosis were remarkably increased in DDH rats in vivo. Moreover, we found that WISP-2 was upregulated in hip acetabular cartilage of DDH rats compared to control rats. Next, the effects of WISP-2 on chondrocyte apoptosis and its possible underlying mechanism were examined in vitro. The lentivirus-mediated gain- and loss-of-function experiments of WISP-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) for cell viability and apoptosis were performed in primary rat chondrocytes. The results showed that the overexpression of WISP-2 induced chondrocyte apoptosis, and knockdown of WISP-2 could suppress the chondrocyte apoptosis induced by advanced glycation end products (AGE). Additionally, WISP-2 could negatively regulate the expression of PPARγ in chondrocytes. Moreover, the knockdown of PPARγ promoted chondrocyte apoptosis and overexpression of PPARγ abated the increased apoptosis and decreased cell viability of chondrocytes induced by WISP-2. This study demonstrated that WISP-2 might contribute to chondrocyte apoptosis of hip acetabular cartilage through regulating PPARγ expression and activation, which may play an important role in the development of DDH. © 2020 Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.OBJECTIVES It is well known that surface treatments of dental implants have a great impact on their rate of osseointegration. The aim of this study was to compare the biocompatibility and the bone-implant contact (BIC) of titanium dental implants with different surface treatments. MATERIAL AND METHODS Test implants (Biotech Dental) had a nanostructured surface and control implants (Anthogyr) were grit-blasted with biphasic calcium phosphate and acid-etched surface. Both titanium implants were inserted in mandible and maxillary bones of 6 Yucatan minipigs for 4 and 12 weeks (n = 10 implants/group). Biocompatibility and osseointegration were evaluated by non-decalcified histology and back-scattered electron microscopy images. RESULTS The reading of histology sections by an antomo-pathologist indicated that the test implants were considered non-irritating to the surrounding tissues and thus biocompatible compared with control implants. The BIC values were higher for test than for control dental implants at both 4 and 12 weeks.