Cappsgilliam0898

rade-based prediction model is satisfactory in prediction of mid-term death risk of the patients.The three known highly pathogenic human coronaviruses are severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Human highly pathogenic coronaviruses are composed of non-structural proteins, structural proteins, accessory proteins and ribonucleic acid. Viral particles recognize host receptors via spike glycoprotein (S protein), enter host cells by membrane fusion, replicate in host cells through large replication-transcription complexes, and promote proliferation by interfering with and suppressing the host's immune response. Highly pathogenic human coronaviruses are hosted by humans and vertebrates. Viral particles are transmitted through droplets, contact and aerosols or likely through digestive tract, urine, eyes and other routes. This review discusses the mechanisms of replication and transmission of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses providing basis for future studies on interrupting the transmission and pathogenicity of these pathogenic viruses.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the third-generation aromatase inhibitor letrozole in the treatment of McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) girls with peripheral precocious puberty.

Twenty-one MAS girls with peripheral precocious puberty treated in Pediatrics Department of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from March 2012 to June 2017 were enrolled in the study. Patients presented with repeated vaginal bleeding, premature breast enlargement, café-au-lait spots or dysplasia of bone fibers, and low levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); and the congenital adrenal hyperplasia, estrogen-producing tumors, and exogenous estrogen intake were excluded. Letrozole were administrated at a dose of 0.5-2 mg·m

·d

for 6 to 12 months. The patients were observed for changes in breast staging, vaginal bleeding, sex hormone levels, liver function and bone age changes, and changes in uterine and ovarian volume.

After treatment, bone age/chronological age (BA/CA)was decreased from 1.23±0.30 to 1.11±0.18 (

< 0.01); the predicted adult height (PAH) increased from (156.2±5.9)cm to (158.4±2.1)cm after treatment (

< 0.05); the vaginal bleeding was reduced and the estradiol level decreased, while the teststosterone level and the uterus showed no significant increase, and no adverse reactions such as ovarian torsion and abnormal liver function were observed.

Precocious puberty is one of the most common endocrine manifestations in MAS. Our findings suggest that letrozole may be an effective and safe therapy to precocious puberty in girls with McCune-Albright Syndrome.

Precocious puberty is one of the most common endocrine manifestations in MAS. Our findings suggest that letrozole may be an effective and safe therapy to precocious puberty in girls with McCune-Albright Syndrome.

To evaluate the efficacy of black cohosh extracts (BCE) in improving the low estrogen status induced by postoperative gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) in patients with endometriosis.

Randomized clinical controlled trial about the improvement of low estrogen status caused by GnRHa with the treatment of BCE in patients with endometriosis after laparoscopic surgery were retrieved from Medline (Ovid), PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBMdisc, Wanfang and VIP databases before January 2020, and meta-analysis of included studies was performed by Revman 5.3 software.

Seven randomized controlled trials involving 745 patients were included in this study. Meta-analysis results showed that the addition of BCE did not alter hormone levels of patients, including serum estradiol levels [

=1.24, 95%

(-4.58, 7.08),

>0.05] and luteinizing hormone levels [

=-0.02, 95%

(-0.15, 0.11),

>0.05]. BCE effectively improved the perimenopausal symptoms induced by low estrogen statusimproving hlter hormone levels of patients.

To establish the optimum extraction technique and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method to simultaneously quantify nine compounds of gallic acid, hydroxy-paeoniflorin, catechin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, pentagalloylglucose, benzoic acid, benzoylpaeoniflorin and paeonol in

.

Linear gradient elution was applied using water containing 0.1%phosphoric acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, column temperature of 30℃ and wavelength of 230 nm. The method of ultrasound extraction was used. Methanol and ethanol were used as extraction solvents, and three factors and three levels of orthogonal experiments was designed using L

(3

) table to investigate the effects of solvent concentration, ratio of liquid to material and extraction time on the total content of nine components of

.

HPLC method was verified to have high specificity, sensitivity and accuracy through methodological validation, and it could be used for simultaneous quantitative analysis of nine components of

. The results showed that the optimum extraction technology of nine components of

was using 70%ethanol as extraction solvent, ratio of liquid to material was 200 mL/g and ultrasound extraction time was 30 min.

HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of nine components of

is established, and the optimum extraction technology is confirmed.

HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of nine components of Paeoniae Radix Alba is established, and the optimum extraction technology is confirmed.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of aromatase inhibitor letrozole in treatment of male adolescents with idiopathic short stature (ISS). MethodSeventy five boys with height less than 2 standard deviation (SD) below the mean who had entered puberty were enrolled in our study from 2004 to 2017, in the Pediatric Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University. selleckchem Among 75 patients, 28 in letrozole group received letrozole and spironolactone, 30 in gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) group received GnRHa injection and 17 had no intervention. Height velocity (HV), increment of bone age/chronological age (ΔBA/ΔCA), the final adult height (FAH) were compared among groups and the safety of letrozole treatment was evaluated. ResultsHV maintained faster during letrozole treatment when compared with other groups. HV during GnRHa treatment showed slightly decline in the first 6 months, but decreased remarkably after 6 months, and was significantly lower than that in letrozole group ( P < 0.