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Blood groups appear to be markers for various human diseases and their distribution among different communities, ethnic groups and geographical boundaries varies over time.

We aimed to investigate the frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups and their relationship with demographic and anthropometric characteristics among Iranian residents in Mashad.

ABO and Rh blood groups were determined among 7268 participants from the MASHAD cohort study and their relationships with demographic and anthropometric parameters were evaluated. This part of the study was done in January 2017. Student t-test, ANOVA, Bonferroni' and Chi-squared were used for comparison of quantitative and qualitative variables.

The most common blood group was O (33.8%); AB was the least common (8.3%). The prevalence of Rh-positive and Rh-negative was 88.2% and 11.8% respectively. There were statistically significant associations between ABO blood groups and demi-span (P = 0.03), even after correction for multiple comparisons.

Our findings showed there was no relationship between ABO blood groups and demographic characteristics although there was an association with anthropometric measurements such as demi-span.

Our findings showed there was no relationship between ABO blood groups and demographic characteristics although there was an association with anthropometric measurements such as demi-span.

Breastfeeding and proper weaning contribute to achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. In Egypt, by age 4-5 months, only 13% of infants are exclusively breastfed. A survey conducted in Egyptian hospitals concluded that many of the 10 steps to support successful breastfeeding were not executed correctly and other steps were not executed at all.

To explore the patterns of feeding and weaning among infants in Egypt, and identify their determinants, to improve practice and promote children's nutritional status.

A cross-sectional analytical study of 333 mother-infant pairs attending two primary healthcare (PHC) centres for vaccination sessions between April 2017 and June 2018. Mothers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire.

Almost all infants were born in hospitals. Exclusive breastfeeding was not widely practiced. GSK923295 clinical trial was a common malpractice. The majority of mothers initiated artificial feeding during the first month of life. Rural mothers tended to introduce different foods earlier than urban mothers did. Minimum dietary diversity was achieved by 50.9% of urban infants aged ≥ 6 months (≥ 4 food groups), compared with 25.9% of rural infants. Minimum recommended meal frequency for age was fulfilled for 51.9% of urban and 29.6% of rural infants. More than 85% of mothers expressed their need for additional knowledge, and more than half identified the PHC centre as the appropriate source for information.

Our study reflects deficiency in maternal practice regarding breastfeeding and weaning, despite being regular visitors to the PHC centre.

Our study reflects deficiency in maternal practice regarding breastfeeding and weaning, despite being regular visitors to the PHC centre.

Quality of life is defined as the subjective perception of one's own well-being within a sociocultural context. #link# SF-36 is commonly used to check the health status of the general population in many countries.

To validate the Persian (Dari) version of the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) in Herat.

The Persian (Dari) version of SF-36 was culturally adapted. A total of 1259 healthy individuals aged ≥ 18 years participated in the study between November 2016 and April 2017. Construct validity of SF-36 was evaluated through exploratory factor analysis. The extraction was performed by principal component analysis from the polychoric correlation matrix estimated by a 2-step method with varimax rotation. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed by Cronbach's α SPSS version 23.0 and R version 3.1.3 were used in the analysis.

The last version of SF-36 including 27 items in 8 factors explained 86.48% of the variance. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value was 0.391 and Bartlett's test showed statistical significance (P < 0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the final model demonstrated good fit statistics (P < 0.001), root mean square error of approximation=0.056, goodness-of-fit index=0.963, and adjusted goodness-of-fit index=0.953). Cronbach's α for the 8 subscales was 0.753-0.933. All subscales of SF-36 had good internal consistency reliability and good test-retest reliability.

We showed that our Dari version of SF-36 is suitable to evaluate quality of life in adults in Herat City. This scale will be useful for health researchers in the future.

We showed that our Dari version of SF-36 is suitable to evaluate quality of life in adults in Herat City. This scale will be useful for health researchers in the future.

Inappropriate distribution of health centres can increase inequities in health care. A geographic information system (GIS) is a useful tool to help plan, monitor and evaluate health systems by analysing and visualizing geospatial data.

This study aimed to propose an optimal model for establishing new health centres in the city of Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran using GIS.

In this descriptive analytical study, the number and location of health centres and people's access to them across Kermanshah were evaluated using the GIS system, ArcGIS 10.3, for the years 1997, 2007 and 2012. To determine the best locations for establishing health centres, five principles were considered access, distance, service delivery radius, proximity to areas of compatible and incompatible land-use, and population density.

In spite of an increase in the number of health centres in Kermanshah between 1997 and 2012, the population without access to such centres also increased, and this varied by age group. Based on the final map of all the land in Kermanshah, 6% of the land was considered unsuitable or very unsuitable, 16% medium suitability, and 78% good or very good for the location of health centres in Kermanshah city.

The spatial distribution of health centres (in terms of the radius of access) and compatibility of the land-use were not properly considered over the 15-year period. link2 To provide health coverage for the current population in the city of Kermanshah, 13 new health centres are needed in suitable locations.

The spatial distribution of health centres (in terms of the radius of access) and compatibility of the land-use were not properly considered over the 15-year period. To provide health coverage for the current population in the city of Kermanshah, 13 new health centres are needed in suitable locations.Emergency preparedness is a critical pillar of the International Health Regulations (IHR), a legally binding instrument underlying the global health security regime that came into effect in 2005. Lebanon, a small country of 10 452 km2 bordering the eastern Mediterranean, ratified the IHR in 2007 after the devasting effects of a sudden military conflict in 2006 that severely impacted the recovering health system. Moreover, the Lebanese health system infrastructure was only just recovering from 15 years of civil war that ended in 1990. Since 2005, the country has also faced a complex refugee crisis potentiating the risk of disease outbreaks since 2011, in addition to a severe financial crisis that has degenerated into social unrest since October 2019, and more recently the COVID-19 pandemic since February 2020.

The progress of pediatric surgery and increasingly better diagnosis of fetal defects require detailed knowledge of human developmental anatomy. Precise knowledge of the anatomy of innervation of the lower extremities corresponds to this subject and is not only cognitive but also clinically important. The end of the common fibular nerve is superficially located in the area exposed to frequent injuries as well as in the area subject to possible surgical repair procedures.

The analysis was carried out on 200 human foetuses aged from the 113th day to 222nd day of foetal life. The study material is a part of local fetal collection. The study incorporated the following methods anthropological, preparational and image acquisition which was acquired with the use of high-resolution digital camera. Statistical analysis was carried out with the use of STATISTICA package.

Based on the research results the new typology of the examined nerve was determined. The head of the fibula was the criterion (i) high division -es, it has a relatively high clinical significance.

Few studies have investigated the volumetric relationship between the condyles and the mandible bilaterally.

Condylar and mandibular segmentations from a sample of CBCTs for 37 individuals were selected. T-test, correlation and linear regression analyses were performed to assess the relationships between the volumes of the condyles and mandible.

The volume of the condyles and the mandible was significantly different between genders, p<.05. There was a significant but moderate correlation between the volumes of the condyle and the rest of the mandible on the same side (p<.01). A regression analysis model demonstrated that condylar volume is related to the volume of the mandible.

The relationship between the condylar volume and the rest of the mandible was found to be moderate. The relation between the condylar volume and mandibular volume is described by the regression equations for each side of the jaw. Sexual dimorphism exists in condylar and mandibular volumes.

The relationship between the condylar volume and the rest of the mandible was found to be moderate. The relation between the condylar volume and mandibular volume is described by the regression equations for each side of the jaw. Sexual dimorphism exists in condylar and mandibular volumes.

The anterior belly of the digastric muscle (ABDM) presents highly variable and frequent anatomical variations. Since the ABDM functions as a landmark for clinical procedures involving the submental region, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of its variations. In this study, we sought to improve our knowledge of ABDM variations in the ethnically diverse whole-body donor population in Northern California. link3 Specific aims were (1) to determine the frequency of ABDM and AB accessory muscle variations in cadavers donated to the UC Davis Body Donation Program, (2) to classify these variations identified in this population using the previously proposed nomenclatures by Yamada (1935) and Zlabek (1933), and (3) to investigate the innervation and arterial supply to the representative ABDM and AB accessory muscle variations.

During the 2018 and 2019 gross anatomy dissection laboratories at the UC Davis School of Medicine, the submental regions of 48 cadavers were examined and classified.

Fifteen cadavers (31.2%) presented ABDM and AB accessory muscle variations. These variations were clearly categorized using the morphology of the ABDMs and attachments of the AB accessory muscles. We also identified three previously unreported types of variations, two of which presented the fusion of right and left ABDMs and one presenting an ectopic tubercle beneath the mandibular symphysis to which a pair of AB accessory muscles were attached.

ABDM variations were found in 1 in 3 individuals in the local Northern California population. Knowledge of the prevalence and common patterns of ABDM variations in the general population would be valuable information when an operation or examination is performed in the submental region.

ABDM variations were found in 1 in 3 individuals in the local Northern California population. Knowledge of the prevalence and common patterns of ABDM variations in the general population would be valuable information when an operation or examination is performed in the submental region.