Carrollweaver0869
Individual tumor cells infiltrating into adjacent normal brain parenchyma also stained positive with IDH1 antibody.
Immunostaining for IDH1 mutation can be utilized as a reliable marker in the precise diagnosis of diffuse gliomas and also in objective assessment of surgical margins to differentiate gliomas from gliosis.
Immunostaining for IDH1 mutation can be utilized as a reliable marker in the precise diagnosis of diffuse gliomas and also in objective assessment of surgical margins to differentiate gliomas from gliosis.
In central nervous system (CNS) tumors, surgery combined with radiotherapy may cure many tumors. The basic technique in conventional radiotherapy is craniospinal radiotherapy; in this technique, spinal cord can be treated with electron or photon beams. Trametinib chemical structure This study was aimed to compare two radiotherapy techniques in craniospinal radiotherapy, (a) treatment of spine with a single photon beam and (b) with a combination of photon and electron beams.
The two techniques were planned. In the first technique, both brain and spine were irradiated with 6 MV photon beams. In the second technique, brain was irradiated with 6 MV photon and spine with 18 MeV electron beams. To compensate the dose deficiency in lumbar area, an anterior field of 15 MV photon beam was also applied in the second technique. The dose to target volume and organ at risks (OARs) were measured by thermoluminescent dosimeter and compared with the corresponding values calculated by Isogray treatment planning system.
OARs including heart, mandible, thyroid, and lungs received lower dose from technique 2 compared with technique 1; kidneys were exceptions which received higher dose in the technique 2.
The dose to thyroid, mandible, heart, and lungs were lower in technique 2, while kidneys received higher dose in technique 2. This was caused by using the anterior 15 MV photon beam. Based on these results, for children, instead of photon beam for treatment of spinal cord, it is wiser to use electron beam.
The dose to thyroid, mandible, heart, and lungs were lower in technique 2, while kidneys received higher dose in technique 2. This was caused by using the anterior 15 MV photon beam. Based on these results, for children, instead of photon beam for treatment of spinal cord, it is wiser to use electron beam.
Brain tumors constitute a small presentation of all cancers (1.4%) and cancer related deaths (2.5%). Most of the brain tumors are malignant and carry bad prognosis and even if those which are benign still can interfere with brain functions that are required for daily living. We did an audit of brain tumor patients treated in our center and see their prognosis in correlation with different histological types.
We analyzed 497 patients treated at our center from June 2007 to June 2012 of different histological types. All the patients underwent complete central nervous system examination and thorough workup including hematological investigations, radiological investigations, and confirmation of histological type by biopsy. These patients were then treated with surgery followed by radiotherapy or upfront curative radiotherapy as per staging and then kept on regular follow-up as per institutional protocol.
Majority of patients were astrocytomas (309 patients) followed by a pituitary adenoma (39 patients), oligodendroglioma (33 patients), medulloblastoma (22 patients), arteriovenous malformations (19 patients), craniopharyngioma (16 patients), and recurrent brain tumors (12 patients). There were few cases of central nervous lymphoma, meningioma, melanocytoma, ependymomas, schwannomas, hemangiopericytoma, gliosarcoma, and primitive neuroectodermal tumor. The histological types vary differently regarding presentation, treatment, and prognosis.
Astrocytomas are the most common tumors in presentation (309 patients) in which the high-grade astrocytomas carried worse prognosis. Benign tumors such as pituitary adenomas, schwannomas, and craniopharyngiomas had the best prognosis with survival seen up to almost last follow-up.
Astrocytomas are the most common tumors in presentation (309 patients) in which the high-grade astrocytomas carried worse prognosis. Benign tumors such as pituitary adenomas, schwannomas, and craniopharyngiomas had the best prognosis with survival seen up to almost last follow-up.
Intracranial germ cell tumors (ICGCTs) comprise approximately 0.4%-3% of all brain tumors. In this study, we aim to evaluate clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of patients with ICGCT.
All patients with ICGCT diagnosed in Hacettepe University's Pediatric Oncology Department between January 1980 and January 2016 were evaluated, retrospectively.
We identified 52 patients (male/female 2.46) diagnosed with ICGT. Median age was 140 months. The median duration of symptoms was 3 months. Patients with endocrine symptoms were diagnosed later than others (P = 0.028). The primary site was pineal region in 20 patients, nonpineal region in 32 which included six bifocal involvements. Pineal location was more common in boys than girls (P = 0.02). Histopathological diagnosis was germinoma in 28 patients, nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumors in 14 and immature teratoma in 4. The mean age for germinoma was higher than that of nongerminomatous tumors (P = 0.032). Patients treated with surgery and radiools were used survival rates lower than developed western and eastern developed countries.
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the new proposed boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) neutron beam based on the use of Tehran Research Reactor medical room to treat deep-seated brain tumors.
The Snyder head phantom has been simulated through the MCNPX Monte Carlo code to calculate different dose profiles and desired medical merits. The simulation consists of the full geometry of new beamline and the phantom.
The medical merits related to the new proposed BNCT beamline have a good agreement with other facilities, which indicates the potential use of this new beam for treatment of deep-seated brain tumors.
The obtained results show the capability of the new setup to treat deep-seated brain tumor, which was located up to ~5 cm of the skin surface.
The obtained results show the capability of the new setup to treat deep-seated brain tumor, which was located up to ~5 cm of the skin surface.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a terminal form of illness. Illness perceptions play vital role in illness behavior and managing the disease. GBM cancer survivor's illness perceptions and their perceived social support is not systematically studied. Therefore, study aimed to understand the illness perceptions and perceived social support of GBM survivors during hospitalization.
The study used cross sectional-descriptive research design. A total of 40 GBM survivors were recruited by using convenience sampling method. The Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised (IPQ-R) by Moss-Morris, Weinman et al. (2002), and Perceived Social Support from Family (FSS-Family) and Perceived Social Support from Friends (PSS-Friends) scales by Mary E. Procidano and Kenneth (1983) were administered on recruited participants. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the personal and illness details of participants. Free R software was used to analyse the data. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and standand enhancing social support for glioma patients are recommended during hospitalization.
Initiation, promotion, progression, and metastasis of mammary tumors are mediated by dysregulation of multiple genes involved in various signaling pathways. Expressional variation of these molecules significantly influences cancer cell proliferation in breast cancer.
In the current study, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and its downstream effector nuclear factor kappa-B1 (NF-κB1) mean transcript levels were explored and associated with molecular subtypes in breast cancer cohort of Pakistan. Freshly excised tumors (n = 150) along with background tissues were collected for RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis.
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was carried out for quantification of TNF-α, NF-κB1, and β-actin gene transcripts along with estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2, and Ki-67, followed by statistical analysis.
For TNF-α and NF-κB1, 95% and 77% of the cohort was found to be positive, respectively. Both of these molecules were found to be significantly upregulated in tumors when compared against their respective controls (P < 0.0001). Association of TNF-α and NF-κB1 with late clinical stages, poorly differentiated tumors, increased tumor size, nodal involvement, and metastasis was observed to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). Strong positive correlation was established between TNF-α and NF-κB1(r = 0.465, P< 0.05). Moreover, mean transcript levels of TNF-α and NF-κB1 were significantly elevated in Luminal A and Luminal B subtypes of breast cancer patients, respectively.
Strong positive correlation between TNF-α and NF-κB1 proposed the putative role of these molecules as prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer.
Strong positive correlation between TNF-α and NF-κB1 proposed the putative role of these molecules as prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer.
Chlorogenic acid is an herbal compound with various effects such as antiviral, antioxidant, and anticancer effect with low toxicity, which inhibits cell proliferation. Clinical studies had shown that chlorogenic acid has a positive effect on the different types of cancers treatment. Hence, this study evaluates chlorogenic acid effects on 4T1 breast cancer cells.
In this study, cell proliferation was measured using an 3-(4,5-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay (MTT) on 4T1 cells. Afterwards, other assays like P53, Caspase-3 proteins expression and Annexin V/PI were detected by flow cytometry. Also; Bax and Bcl-2 were carried out by immunocytochemistry.
200 μM of chlorogenic acid concentration showed the highest level of cytotoxicity toward 4T1 cells. Percentage of cell viability data were significant in 100 μM (P < 0.05) and 150, 200 μM (P < 0.001) doses. The evaluation using Annexin V/PI showed cell apoptosis in 100 μM (P < 0.05), 150 μM (P < 0.01), and for 200 μM (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). Immunocytochemistry results showed the upregulation of Bax and also the downregulation of Bcl-2 in 4T1 cells treated with chlorogenic acid (P < 0.001). The expression level of P53 and caspase-3 increased during treatment with chlorogenic acid in the 4T1 cells (P < 0.001).
Our findings demonstrated that chlorogenic acid plays a notable role on apoptosis inducing in the 4T1 cells through regulation of apoptotic proteins.
Our findings demonstrated that chlorogenic acid plays a notable role on apoptosis inducing in the 4T1 cells through regulation of apoptotic proteins.
Trastuzumab is a Food and Drug Administration-approved humanized monoclonal antibody which targets the extracellular domain of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) receptor overexpressed on HER2-positive breast cancer cells. The combination of Lutetium-177 (
Lu) (t
= 6.7 days, E
497 keV (78.6%) and trastuzumab makes it a suitable targeting agent for radioimmunotherapy. In preclinical and clinical studies,
Lu-Trastuzumab has proven to be effective for the treatment of HER2-positive malignancies such as breast and ovarian cancer.
In this study, we report the mechanism of action of
Lu-CHX-A"-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-trastuzumab at the cellular and molecular level by performing various in vitro assays in HER2-positive MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells.
Trastuzumab was conjugated to the bifunctional chelating agent (BFCA) para-isothiocyanatobenzyl-DTPA and radiolabeled with
Lu. In vitro cell binding studies were carried out in MDA-MB-453 cells to confirm the specificity of the complex toward the receptor.
