Mckinleyhardin6396
d Romberg test alone.
A single, severe traumatic brain injury can result in chronic sleep disturbances that can persist several years after the incident. In contrast, it is unclear whether there are sleep disturbances after a sports-related concussion (SRC). Considering growing evidence of links between sleep disturbance and neurodegeneration, this review examined the potential links between diagnosed SRCs and sleep disturbances to provide guidance for future studies.
The scoping review undertook a systematic search of key online databases (Scopus, MEDLINE, SportDiscus, and Web of Science) using predetermined search terms for any articles that examined sleep after concussion. A screening criterion using agreed inclusion and exclusion criteria was utilized to ensure inclusion of relevant articles.
This scoping review is guided by the PRSIMA Scoping Review report.
Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting on 896 adults who had experienced an SRC. Comparison with 1327 non-SRC adults occurred in 8 studies. Nine studiesion.
This scoping review indicates preliminary evidence of sleep disturbances following an SRC. The heterogeneity of methodology used in the included studies makes consensus on the results difficult. Given the mediating role of sleep in neurodegenerative disorders, further research is needed to identify physiological correlates and pathological mechanisms of sleep disturbances in SRC-related neurodegeneration and whether interventions for sleep problems improve recovery from concussion and reduce the risk of SRC-related neurodegeneration.
To adapt the Boston Assessment of TBI-Lifetime (BAT-L) interview specifically for female survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV), validate the adapted BAT-L/IPV, and report the prevalence of head injury.
The BAT-L is the first validated instrument to diagnose traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) throughout the life span for post-9/11 veterans. The BAT-L/IPV was adapted to target diagnostic issues belonging exclusively to IPV while maintaining its life span approach.
Community-dwelling convenience sample of 51 female survivors of IPV with subthreshold (n = 10) or full diagnostic criteria (n = 41) of posttraumatic stress disorder.
Standard TBI criteria were evaluated using a semistructured clinical interview.
The BAT-L/IPV is compared with the Ohio State University TBI Identification Method (OSU-TBI-ID) scoring approach as the criterion standard.
Correspondence between the BAT-L/IPV and the OSU-TBI-ID score was excellent (Cohen κ = 0.86; Kendall τ-b = 0.89). Sensitivity = 89.3% (95% CI, 81.2-97.4); specificity = 98.3% (95% CI, 95.0-100); positive predictive value = 98.0% (95% CI, 94.2-100); and negative predictive value = 90.6% (95% CI, 83.5-97.7). On the BAT-L/IPV, more than one-third (35.3%) of IPV survivors reported TBI secondary to an IPV-related assault, 76.5% reported IPV subconcussive head injury, 31.4% reported attempted strangulation, and 37.3% reported non-IPV TBI.
The BAT-L/IPV performed well in diagnosing TBI in female IPV survivors as compared with the criterion standard. The prevalence of TBI was frequent; subconcussive head injury was pervasive. Greater awareness for head injury risk and increased diagnostic specificity of TBI in IPV survivors is needed.
The BAT-L/IPV performed well in diagnosing TBI in female IPV survivors as compared with the criterion standard. The prevalence of TBI was frequent; subconcussive head injury was pervasive. Glesatinib Greater awareness for head injury risk and increased diagnostic specificity of TBI in IPV survivors is needed.
To determine whether sociodemographic and clinical factors were associated with nonelective readmission within 30 days of hospitalization for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Secondary objectives were to examine the effects of TBI severity on readmission and characterize primary reasons for readmission.
Hospitalized patients in the United States, using the 2014 Nationwide Readmission Database.
All patients hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of TBI between January 1, 2014, and November 30, 2014. We excluded patients (1) with a missing or invalid length of stay or admission date, (2) who were nonresidents, and 3) who died during their index hospitalization.
Observational study; cohort study.
Survey weighting was used to compute national estimates of TBI hospitalization and nonelective 30-day readmission. Associations between sociodemographic and clinical factors with readmission were assessed using unconditional logistic regression with and without adjustment for suspected confounders.
There were 13 following hospitalizations for TBI. Future studies are needed to determine the extent to which readmissions following TBI hospitalizations are preventable.
To examine perceived injustice and its associations with self-reported symptoms and return to work at 3 months after injury in a prospectively recruited sample of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).
Observational study.
TBI outpatient unit.
Adult patients aged 18 to 68 years with mTBI (n = 100) or orthopedic injury ([OI]; n = 34).
The Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ) and its associations with the Rivermead Post Concussion Questionnaire (RPQ), Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II), PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C), and Pain Visual Analog Scale (PVAS). Information on injury-related characteristics, compensation seeking and litigation, and return-to-work status was also collected.
Median IEQ total score was 3 (range, 0-23) in the mTBI group and 2.5 (range, 0-25) in the OI group. In the mTBI group, IEQ was significantly correlated with RPQ (rs = 0.638, P < .01), BDI-II (rs = 0.612, P < .01), PCL-C (rs = 0.679, P < .01), and PVAS (rs = 0.232, P < .05ntions promoting recovery after mTBI.
To examine the trajectory of structural gray matter changes across 2 chronic periods of recovery in individuals who have sustained severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), adding to the growing literature indicating that neurodegenerative processes occur in the months to years postinjury.
Patients who experienced posttraumatic amnesia of 1 hour or more, and/or scored 12 or less on the Glasgow Coma Scale at the emergency department or the scene of the accident, and/or had positive brain imaging findings were recruited while receiving inpatient care, resulting in 51 patients with severe TBI.
Secondary analyses of gray matter changes across approximately 5 months, 1 year, and 2.5 years postinjury were undertaken, using an automated segmentation protocol with improved accuracy in populations with morphological anomalies. We compared patients and matched controls on regions implicated in poorer long-term clinical outcome (accumbens, amygdala, brainstem, hippocampus, thalamus). To model brain-wide patterns of chaof developing interventions to offset degeneration and improve long-term functioning.
Localized yet progressive decline emphasizes the necessity of developing interventions to offset degeneration and improve long-term functioning.
To identify critical elements of return to learn (RTL) for students with concussion and examine the state of the peer-reviewed published literature through a scoping review.
Three electronic databases were systematically searched, and reference lists screened for articles addressing components of RTL protocols and accommodations for students with concussion. In total, 100 articles met inclusion criteria, including 56 empirical studies and 44 expert articles.
Four key components to RTL protocols were identified RTL teams, management approaches, outcome measurement, and accommodations. Both bodies of literature agree on the importance of RTL teams, but evidence for specific monitoring tools and management approaches is less robust. Accommodations have been better addressed by experts than empirical evaluation. Empirical studies are largely cross-sectional, and many are survey based. Just 24 include student perspectives. Publication of expert literature has declined in frequency, as empirical studies have become more common.
This scoping review describes the current landscape of RTL and provides guidance toward expanding the empirical literature to systematically determine best practices to serve students with concussion.
This scoping review describes the current landscape of RTL and provides guidance toward expanding the empirical literature to systematically determine best practices to serve students with concussion.
To evaluate the potential impact of timing between the current and the most recent previous concussions on symptom severity among acutely concussed active duty military Service members (SMs).
Three military installations.
Eighty-four SMs aged 18 to 44 years who sustained a concussion within 72 hours of enrollment. No previous concussion within 1 year preenrollment.
Longitudinal study with enrollment within 72 hours of injury, and follow-up at 1 week and 1 month postinjury.
Lifetime concussion history (yes/no) and recency of the latest concussion (no history, relatively more recent [1 to <6 years ago], and more remote [6+ years ago]) from the current concussion using the Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification Method-Interview Form. Symptom severity (total and by categories cognitive, affective, somatosensory, vestibular) at all time points using the Neurobehavioral Symptoms Inventory.
Concussion history assessed as having any previous concussion was not found significantly re necessary to identify patients who may require a more conservative plan of care and more gradual return to activity in the acute recovery stage.
In recently concussed active duty SMs, the timing between the current and previous concussions may be an important factor in determining prognosis. Clinical assessment of concussion history that accounts for the timing of the most recent event may be necessary to identify patients who may require a more conservative plan of care and more gradual return to activity in the acute recovery stage.
To examine the association between employment status and neuropsychological functioning in veterans with a history of remote mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) using 2 approaches to assess cognitive performance (a) standard, traditional mean cognitive performance; and (b) across-test intraindividual variability (IIV).
Outpatient Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital.
Eligibility criteria included veterans with a history of mTBI who performed adequately on performance validity tests. Participants (N = 75; 37 employed, 38 unemployed) were evaluated, on average, about 5.5 years after their most recent mTBI.
Observational cohort study; all participants completed a clinical interview and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment.
Primary outcomes of interest included mean cognitive composite test scores and IIV scores on tasks of memory, attention/processing speed, and executive functioning.
Logistic regression models showed that mean cognitive performance was not predictive of employment status; however,onal outcomes following head trauma.
The study assesses the intrarater reliability and utility of a prism paradigm to identify sensorimotor impairment following sports-related concussion in youth, (recent and history of concussion) compared with youth with no concussion.
University of Calgary.
Three groups of 40 ice hockey players ranging in age from 11 to 17 years were included (1) no concussion; (2) recent concussion, mean number of days since last concussion 5 (95% CI, 4-6); and (3) history of concussion, mean number of days since last concussion 631 (95% CI, 505-730).
Cross-sectional study.
The vestibulo-ocular reflex is a fundamental reflex of the central nervous system that stabilizes the position of the eyes during head movement and adapts when sensory input is altered (the bend of the light on the retina by prism glasses). The prism adaptation measure was the number of throws taken to adapt to wearing prism glasses while throwing balls at a central target.
The intraclass correlation coefficient (0.73; 95% CI, 0.55-0.84) and the Bland-Altman 95% levels of agreement (lower limit -18.
