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This study aimed to determine the anti-obesity effects and mechanisms of Cerasus humilis polyphenol (CHP) in C57BL/6 obese mice and 3T3-L1 cells. High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry was used for the qualitative and quantitative identification of CHP components. The obese mice, induced by feeding high-fat diet (HFD), were treated with CHP (250 mg/kg/day) by gavage for 12 weeks. Orlistat was gavaged at 15.6 mg/kg bw/day, as a positive control group. The analysis revealed that the main components of CHP were procyanidin B2, cyanidin-3-glucoside, and pelargonidin-3-glucoside. CHP dietary supplementation significantly reduced body weight and improved blood lipid measurements in HFD-fed mice (p less then 0.01). Moreover, it inhibited mRNA expression of miR-122, Srebp-1c, and Cpt1a (p less then 0.01) and reduced hepatic lipid deposition, as seen by hematoxylin and eosin staining. CHP downregulated the protein expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα in HFD-induced obese mice and inhibited adipocyte differentiation (p less then 0.01). Compared with the HFD group, CHP supplementation had an obvious anti-inflammatory effect (decreased protein expression, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP1), reducing leptin levels and TNF-α secretion in serum and cells (p less then 0.01). CHP significantly inhibited the expression of miR-27a/b (53.3 and 29.9%, p less then 0.01) in mice retroperitoneal white adipocytes, enhancing the expression of the target gene Prdm16 and significantly upregulating Sirt1 (105.5%, p less then 0.01) compared with the HFD group. Moreover, CHP supplementation effectively improved oxidative stress (ROS, T-AOC, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px) induced by HFD in obese mice (p less then 0.01). Thus, CHP mitigates adipocyte differentiation, browning of white adipocytes, and reduction of inflammation and antioxidant activity to reduce obesity. Consequently, these results provide novel insights into the anti-obesity roles of CHP in HFD-induced obesity.Cerium-based materials such as ceria are increasingly used in catalytic reactions. We report here the synthesis of the first Ce-based metal-organic layer (MOL), Ce6-BTB, comprising Ce6 secondary building units (SBUs) and 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoate (BTB) linkers, and its functionalization for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Ce6-BTB was postsynthetically modified with photosensitizing [(MBA)Ir(ppy)2]Cl or [(MBA)Ru(bpy)2]Cl2 (MBA = 2-(5'-methyl-[2,2'-bipyridin]-5-yl)acetate, ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) to afford Ce6-BTB-Ir or Ce6-BTB-Ru MOLs, respectively. The proximity of photosensitizing ligands and Ce6 SBUs in the MOLs facilitates electron transfer to drive photocatalytic HER under visible light with turnover numbers of 1357 and 484 for Ce6-BTB-Ir and Ce6-BTB-Ru, respectively. Photophysical and electrochemical studies revealed a novel dual photoexcitation pathway whereby the excited photosensitizers in the MOL are reductively quenched and then transfer electrons to Ce6 SBUs to generate CeIII centers, which are further photoexcited to CeIII* species for HER.Electrochemical capacitor and capacitive deionization store energy through the interface layer formed between electrodes and electrolytes. The crystalline form and surface potential of the oxide electrode can be changed in order to improve the capacitance. By characterizing the surface property and crystalline form of the TiO2 thin-film electrode at different sintering temperatures, it is showed that each electrode has its own surface potential which is affected by the crystalline structure. At elevated sintering temperature, TiO2 transfers from anatase to rutile with an increased surface potential. The electrochemical tests show that the electrode capacitance increases from 19.50 to 41.82 mF/cm2. Therefore, rutile TiO2 has a higher surface potential and better capacitive performance when used on a positive electrode compared with anatase TiO2. In general, the relation between the surface potential, the crystalline forms, and the capacitive performance is achieved in this work. We hope it can promote the investigation of oxide materials in the application for electrochemical capacitors and capacitive deionization.Metallic cluster catalysts have many thermodynamically accessible isomers with diverse active sites and low reaction barriers, and lately a strong hypothesis emerged that the many catalyst states collectively drive the catalysis. However, it remained a hypothesis that catalyst isomerization is actually kinetically feasible under the current reaction conditions. Using high-temperature dynamics simulations and sampling, a range of orientations, and vibrational energy distributions, we probe how thermal effects and molecular events affect cluster catalyst dynamics. We show that even such a delicate affair as the dissociation or scattering of a methane molecule on the heavy and thus slow Pt13 cluster triggers substantial isomerization of the catalyst, far beyond thermal at 700 K. A kinetic coupling between the methane activity and cluster catalyst dynamics is observed. In return, the thermal dynamics of the cluster affects the methane reaction and scattering probabilities. Hence, molecular events at the surfaces of fluxional cluster catalysts should facilitate the population of an ensemble of catalyst states under the current reaction conditions, with implications for available active sites, reaction mechanisms, and apparent rates.Skp1 is an adapter that links F-box proteins to cullin-1 in the Skp1/cullin-1/F-box (SCF) protein family of E3 ubiquitin ligases that targets specific proteins for polyubiquitination and subsequent protein degradation. Skp1 from the amoebozoan Dictyostelium forms a stable homodimer in vitro with a Kd of 2.5 μM as determined by sedimentation velocity studies yet is monomeric in crystal complexes with F-box proteins. To investigate the molecular basis for the difference, we determined the solution NMR structure of a doubly truncated Skp1 homodimer (Skp1ΔΔ). The solution structure of the Skp1ΔΔ dimer reveals a 2-fold symmetry with an interface that buries ∼750 Å2 of predominantly hydrophobic surface. The dimer interface overlaps with subsite 1 of the F-box interaction area, explaining why only the Skp1 monomer binds F-box proteins (FBPs). To confirm the model, Rosetta was used to predict amino acid substitutions that might disrupt the dimer interface, and the F97E substitution was chosen to potentially minimize interference with F-box interactions. Cobimetinib A nearly full-length version of Skp1 with this substitution (Skp1ΔF97E) behaved as a stable monomer at concentrations of ≤500 μM and actively bound a model FBP, mammalian Fbs1, which suggests that the dimeric state is not required for Skp1 to carry out a basic biochemical function. Finally, Skp1ΔF97E is expected to serve as a monomer model for high-resolution NMR studies previously hindered by dimerization.Two-dimensional (2D) Janus structures, which are totally different from prevailing 2D structures, are more interesting for photocatalytic water splitting. Here we proposed some inartificial 2D Ge4Se9 Janus structures. Excellent photocatalytic properties are revealed (a) Ge4Se9 structures exhibit layer-independent direct gap character with appropriate band gaps of 2.53, 2.22, 2.11, and 2.03 eV for monolayered, bilayered, triple-layered, and four-layered structures, respectively. (b) Band edge positions of these 2D structures are suitable for the driving of the evolution reaction of water splitting. (c) More importantly, owning to intrinsic electric polarization, the charge densities of the valence band maximum (VBM) and the conduction band minimum (CBM) of triple-layered and four-layered Ge4Se9 structures can be notably separated. (d) In addition, we also observed that these 2D structures can possess rather pronounced optical absorption in the visible light region. This work discloses some inartificial 2D Janus structures whose fascinating properties render them as promising photocatalysts for water splitting.Wings of insects exhibit many functions apart from flying. In particular, their antireflection function is important for insects to avoid detection by their enemies. This function can be applied to antireflection biomimetic films in engineering fields. For such applications, confirming the antireflection mechanisms of insect wings is important. Herein, we used electron microscopy to compare the surfaces of green lacewing wings with and without a surface wax structure and recorded the transmittance spectra to clarify the surface structural and optical properties of insect wings. The spectral transmittance was higher for wings with a surface wax structure than for wings without a wax layer in the light wavelength regime from 500 to 750 nm. We constructed a concise model of the green lacewing wing with flake-like surface structure with a graded effective refractive index corresponding to the wing samples with a surface wax layer; we also constructed a simple thin-film model corresponding to the wing samples without a wax layer. The graded refractive indices were calculated using the effective medium theory, and the transmittance spectra of such models were then calculated using the transfer-matrix method. It was observed that the calculated spectra are in good agreement with the experimental results. In addition, wing samples without a surface structure induce thin-film interference. These results suggest that a wax structure can reduce the reflectance and increase the transmittance enabling the green lacewings to avoid detection by their enemies. These findings may lead to further advances in both the biomimetic field and fundamental research fields.Threshold collision-induced dissociation of Th(OH)3+(H2O)n (n = 1-4) with xenon was performed using a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer. The primary dissociation pathway for all complexes is a loss of a single water molecule followed by the sequential loss of additional water molecules at higher collision energies. The data were analyzed using a statistical model after accounting for lifetime effects and reactant internal and kinetic energy distributions to obtain 0 K bond dissociation energies (BDEs). These were also converted using rigid rotor/harmonic oscillator approximations to yield thermodynamic values at room temperature. The 0 K BDEs of H2O ligands to Th(OH)3+ (IV) are experimentally determined for the first time as 106 ± 6, 89 ± 6, 76 ± 4, and 51 ± 4 kJ/mol for the first, second, third, and fourth water ligand added. These values agree reasonably well with values calculated at the B3LYP, B3PW91, and PBE0 levels of theory with aug-cc-pVQZ basis sets, whereas B3LYP-GD3BJ, MP2, and CCSD(T) single point energies with (without) counterpoise corrections systematically overestimate the bond energies by about 15 (20), 19 (25), and (18) kJ/mol, respectively.Spinal muscle atrophy (SMA) is the leading genetic cause of infant mortality. SMA originates from the loss of functional survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. In most SMA cases, the SMN1 gene is deleted. However, in some cases, SMN is mutated, impairing its biological functions. SMN mutants could provide clues about the biological functions of SMN and the specific impact on SMA, potentially leading to the identification of new pathways and thus providing novel treatment alternatives, and even personalized care. Here, we discuss the biochemistry of SMN and the most recent SMA treatment strategies.