Khanrohde3539

The experimental study concludes that the applied magnetic field positively influences combustion, resulting in reduced level of emission of toxic components irrespective of the phase of hydrocarbon fuels. It is also observed that the percentage reduction in emissions increases with increase in intensity of magnetization. The maximum reduction obtained for CO and UBHC emissions through this technique is 20.58% and 14.47%, respectively. The effectiveness of MFAC in countering air pollution from vehicular exhaust is also studied with respect to fuel phase and mode of operation. The effectiveness of MFAC is observed to be more in high-speed operation of the engine and decreases in the order CO > UBHC > NO. The obtained emission results have a cumulative significance as 45% of total air pollution in India is caused by combustion of hydrocarbons in automotive engines.To provide safe water to the suffering community, a porous, and three-dimensional architecture (ZrLMA) is presented for the removal of fluoride from contaminated water. The structural moiety of ZrLMA contains zirconium dimethacrylate (ZrDMA) and lauryl methacrylate (LMA). Various experimental factors, i.e., the effect of adsorbent's dose, feed concentration of fluoride, pH, pHpzc, and interfering ions, are investigated to evaluate its performance. selleck chemicals The binding energy between ZrLMA and F- ions is investigated by density functional theory and found to be - 271.3 kJ mol-1, which indicates a high level of interaction between ZrLMA and F- ions at atomic and molecular levels. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models are best fitted with the obtained experimental data with the maximum adsorption capacity for fluoride as 19.8 mg g-1 (pH 7.0 ± 0.2, initial F- concentration 10 mg l-1 and dose 0.5 g l-1). The kinetics and thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS) are also investigated. The uniqueness of the adsorbent is due to its covalently co-ordinated metallic-polymeric moiety, which provides stable architecture during the sorption process irrespective of the nature of the surrounding medium. Due to its absolute structural integrity, the adsorbent does not leach out any trace elements (Zr, F-) in the treated water during the adsorption process while maintaining original characterstics of the water from field water samples as well. An attempt has been made to recover fluoride at the end of the process. Hence, the approach is environment friendly for the remediation and recovery of pollutants due to its excellent reusability with effluent treatment.Parboiling rice mills produce a large amount of wastewater. The effluent from the rice mill contains high concentration of organic and inorganic compounds. Continuous discharge of this wastewater from rice mills could be a major cause of eutrophication of the water bodies, leading to a robust and undesirable growth of vegetation and algal bloom. Eutrophication leads to deoxygenation of water bodies, resulting in the mortality of aquatic flora and fauna. It is therefore very important to treat wastewater and ensure safe disposal. There are various types of processes already in existence, but the most important thing is to select a cost-effective technique. Phytoremediation technique has shown promising results for low-income countries like India. It is useful for the small-scale industrial and domestic wastewater treatment. It is a slow process, requiring a large area of land. It is an eco-friendly approach and ideal for rural areas where there is ample land availability. This paper addresses the techniques used by various researchers for rice mill wastewater treatment and also focuses on reusing and recycling of waste from rice mills. The performance of every technique is discussed in detail with its specific advantages and disadvantages. This paper also focuses on the advanced techniques of water treatment with valuable by-products such as silica, activated adsorbent, electricity and methane gas.Increasing carbon productivity is an important measure taken by China to deal with global climate change, and technological innovation is the fundamental way to promote industrial carbon productivity. To explore the low-carbon effects of technological innovation, based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2009 to 2017, this paper established a spatial panel measurement model and a panel threshold regression model to explore the spatial spillover effects and threshold characteristics of technological innovation on industrial carbon productivity. The research shows the following on the one hand, technological innovation and industrial carbon productivity each has obvious spatial correlation, and technological innovation has a significant spatial spillover effect on the improvement of industrial carbon productivity, and the indirect spillover between regions is greater than the direct spillover effect within the area. On the other hand, the impact of technological innovation on industrial carbon productivity has a double threshold effect. With the continuous improvement of technological innovation capabilities, the promotion of industrial carbon productivity has become increasingly more influential. Through the division of threshold values, the technological innovation capabilities of various regions in China are significantly heterogeneous, and the overall level is low. Although technological innovation capabilities have improved in recent years, there is still much room for improvement. Finally, this article puts forward relevant suggestions from the construction of regional technological innovation system, economical green circular development, and the establishment of a green technological innovation system.This paper examines the relationship between the requirement of water resources for irrigation and climate variability and analyses the ranking of the best and worst performance of irrigation water intensity for each Italian region. To measure water resources demanded by agriculture, the irrigation water intensity (IWI) indicator has been computed as the ratio between volumes of irrigation water and total crop harvested. By applying panel data methodologies to a regional dataset spanning from 2000 to 2009, we may address heterogeneity and omitted variable issues. By merging meteo-climatic with agricultural variables, we may confirm that water precipitations, maximum temperature, irrigation propensity indicator, and yields are the main and relevant determinants of the IWI indicator. Moreover, results confirm our expectations that regions belonging to South and Islands macro-areas seem the best performers in terms of irrigation water intensity. Also, our analysis reveals limited availability of information on water resource data and suggests strengthening the need for regularly collecting data and producing statistics to support in designing adequate tools for optimal policies.