Mcgeethomas7943

The somatic effects of empire can be found in Tim Winton's "pneumatic materialism", an aesthetic preoccupation in his novels with moments of anoxia, or the deprivation of oxygen to the brain. This essay will consider how Winton's novel engage with pneumatic materialism in response to questions of uneven development traditionally associated with the Global South, thereby disrupting clear South-North distinctions. By blurring his concerns across the North-South divide, Winton shows a willingness to think of empire as a series of relations that are not bound by national or territorial borders so much as by substances in the air. He does this, I argue, in his use of the breath.The Jack Rabbit II Special Sonic Anemometer Study (JRII-S), a field project designed to examine the flow and turbulence within a systematically arranged mock-urban environment constructed from CONEX shipping containers, is described in detail. The study involved the deployment of 35 sonic anemometers at multiple heights and locations, including a 32 m tall, unobstructed tower located about 115 m outside the building array to document the approach wind flow characteristics. The purpose of this work was to describe the experimental design, analyze the sonic data, and report observed wind flow patterns within the urban canopy in comparison to the approaching boundary layer flow. We show that the flow within the building array follows a tendency towards one of three generalized flow regimes displaying channeling over a wide range of wind speeds, directions, and stabilities. #link# Two or more sonic anemometers positioned only a few meters apart can have vastly different flow patterns that are dictated by the building structures. Within the building array, turbulence values represented by normalized vertical velocity variance ( σ w 2 ) are at least two to three times greater than that in the approach flow. There is also little evidence that σ w 2 measured at various heights or locations within the JRII array is a strong function of stability type in contrast to the approach flow. Akti-1/2 price reinforce how urban areas create complicated wind patterns, channeling effects, and localized turbulence that can impact the dispersion of an effluent release. These findings can be used to inform the development of improved wind flow algorithms to better characterize pollutant dispersion in fast-response models.As part of our ongoing research to understand the impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposures on health in the San Joaquin Valley, we evaluated airborne PAH concentration data collected over 19 years (2000-2019) at the central air monitoring site in Fresno, California. We found a dramatic decline in outdoor airborne PAH concentrations between 2000 and 2004 that has been maintained through 2019. This decline was present in both the continuous particle-bound PAHs and the filter-based individual PAHs. The decline was more extreme when restricted to winter concentrations. Annual mean PAHs concentrations in 2017- 2018 of particle-bound PAHs were 6.8 ng/m3 or 62% lower than 2000 - 2001. The decline for winter concentrations of continuous particle-bound PAHs between winter 2019 and winter 2001 was 17.2 ng/m3, a drop of 70%. The 2001 to 2018 decline in average wintertime concentrations for filter-based individual PAHs was 82%. We examined industrial emissions, on-road vehicle emissions, residential wood burning, and agricultural and biomass waste burning as possible explanations. The major decline in PAHs from 2000-2004 was coincident with and most likely due to a similar decline in the amount of agricultural and biomass waste burned in Fresno and Madera Counties. On-road vehicle emissions and residential wood burning did not decline until after 2005. Industrial emissions were too low (2% of total) to explain such large decreases in PAH concentrations.In the Northwest U.S. elevated measurements of PM2.5 from anthropogenic sources occur most often in winter. Major contributors to winter PM2.5 are direct primary emissions of wood smoke from residential wood combustion, primary emissions from motor vehicles, gaseous NOx emissions leading to particulate nitrate, and primary and secondary sources of particulate sulfate. A number of communities in the Northwest U.S. now have long data records of chemically speciated PM2.5 from which receptor-based source apportionment can be performed. This work uses receptor-based source apportionment on data from these monitoring sites to evaluate changes in the major contributors to winter PM2.5 over the available monitoring time span. Data from 9 sites are analyzed in this work using the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) source apportionment model. Each site was modeled individually rather than grouping the data from multiple sites. All sites had data through the summer of 2018, with most sites having 11 years of data and est percent reductions compared to the percent reductions for wood smoke, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate factors between the two 3-year winter season periods.The present study has been conducted to investigate the relative changes of carbonaceous aerosols (CA) over a high altitude Himalayan atmosphere with and without (very low) anthropogenic emissions. Measurements of atmospheric organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were conducted during the lockdown period (April 2020) due to global COVID 19 outbreak and compared with the normal period (April 2019). The interesting, unexpected and surprising observation is that OC, EC and the total CA (TCA) during the lockdown (OC 12.1 ± 5.5 μg m-3; EC 2.2 ± 1.1 μg m-3; TCA 21.5 ± 10 μg m-3) were higher than the normal period (OC 7.04 ± 2.2 μg m-3; EC 1.9 ± 0.7 μg m-3; TCA 13.2 ± 4.1 μg m-3). The higher values for OC/EC ratio too was observed during the lockdown (5.7 ± 0.9) compared to the normal period (4.2 ± 1.1). Much higher surface O3 during the lockdown (due to very low NO) could better promote the formation of secondary OC (SOC) through the photochemical oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted from Himalayan coniferous forest cover. SOC during the lockdown (7.6 ± 3.5 μg m-3) was double of that in normal period (3.8 ± 1.4 μg m-3). Regression analysis between SOC and O3 showed that with the same amount of increase in O3, the SOC formation increased to a larger extent when anthropogenic emissions were very low and biogenic emissions dominate (lockdown) compared to when anthropogenic emissions were high (normal). Concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis showed that the anthropogenic activities over Nepal and forest fire over north-east India were the major long-distant sources of the CA over Darjeeling during the normal period. On the other hand, during lockdown, the major source regions of CA over Darjeeling were regional/local. The findings of the study indicate the immense importance of Himalayan biosphere as a major source of organic carbon.

Esophageal candidiasis (OC) is a common AIDS-defining opportunistic infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces the occurrence of OC and other opportunistic infections among persons living with HIV (PLHIV). We sought to determine and compare the prevalence of OC in the ART and pre-ART era among PLHIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the African Journals Online databases to select studies in English and French reporting the prevalence of HIV-associated OC in SSA from January 1980 to June 2020. Reviews, single-case reports, and case series reporting < 10 patients were excluded. A random-effect cumulative meta-analysis was performed using STATA 16.0, and trend analysis performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0.

Thirteen eligible studies from 9 SSA countries including a total of 113,272 patients were qualitatively synthesized, and 9 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Overall pooled prevalence of HIV-associated OC was 12% (95% confidence interval (CI) 8 to of OC on quality of life of PLHIV in SSA are recommended.Taxonomic mycology struggles with what seems to be a perpetual shortage of resources. Logically, fungal taxonomists should therefore leverage every opportunity to highlight and visualize the importance of taxonomic work, the usefulness of taxonomic data far beyond taxonomy, and the integrative and collaborative nature of modern taxonomy at large. Is mycology really doing that, though? In this study, we went through ten years' worth (2009-2018) of species descriptions of extant fungal taxa - 1,097 studies describing at most ten new species - in five major mycological journals plus one plant journal. We estimated the frequency at which a range of key words, illustrations, and concepts related to ecology, geography, taxonomy, molecular data, and data availability were provided with the descriptions. We also considered a range of science-demographical aspects such as gender bias and the rejuvenation of taxonomy and taxonomists as well as public availability of the results. Our results show that the target audience of fungal species descriptions appears to be other fungal taxonomists, because many aspects of the new species were presented only implicitly, if at all. Although many of the parameters we estimated show a gradual, and in some cases marked, change for the better over time, they still paint a somewhat bleak picture of mycological taxonomy as a male-dominated field where the wants and needs of an extended target audience are often not understood or even considered. This study hopes to leave a mark on the way fungal species are described by putting the focus on ways in which fungal taxonomy can better anticipate the end users of species descriptions - be they mycologists, other researchers, the public at large, or even algorithms. In the end, fungal taxonomy, too, is likely to benefit from such measures.Microdochium species have often been reported as plant pathogens and saprophytes and are commonly isolated from some diseased plant hosts. The primary aim of the present study was to describe and illustrate two new Microdochium species isolated from the leaf spot of Indocalamus longiauritus in Yunnan Province, China, namely Microdochium yunnanense and M. indocalami, spp. nov., based on their morphology and multilocus phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS, LSU, TUB2, and RPB2. DNA sequence data indicate that six strains represent three independent groups from related and similar species in Microdochium. Microdochium indocalamisp. nov. link2 clustered with M. fisheri, M. lycopodinum, M. rhopalostylidis, and M. phragmitis. Microdochium yunnanensesp. nov. grouped with M. bolleyi. In addition, the strain SAUCC1017 is recorded as an unidentified species in Microdochium. Descriptions and illustrations of the new species in the genus and Microdochium sp. indet. are provided.

We introduce a new dataset of woody plants on 60 small tropical islands located in the Raja Ampat archipelago in Indonesia. The dataset includes incidence, abundance and functional trait data for 57 species. All islands were sampled using a standardised transect and plot design providing detailed information on plant occurrences at different spatial scales ranging from the local (plot and transect scale) to the island scale. In addition, the dataset includes information on key plant functional traits linked to species dispersal, resource acquisition and competitive strategies. link3 The dataset can be used to address ecological questions connected to the species-area relationship and community assembly processes on small islands and in isolated habitats.

The dataset yields detailed information on plant community structure and links incidence, abundance and functional trait data at different spatial scales. Furthermore, this is the first plant-island dataset for the Raja Ampat archipelago, a remote and poorly studied region, and provides important new information on species occurrences.