Lambkeegan8623

ocations. At sampling time C, a trend toward a difference (P = 0.0899) was observed for Salmonella prevalence between the 6 plants, whereas significant differences were observed because of location (P = 0.0031). Five prominent Salmonella enterica serovars were identified, including Kentucky, Schwarzengrund, Enteritidis, Liverpool, and Typhimurium with S. Kentucky being the most prevalent. PCR analysis of 8 Salmonella virulence genes showed that the invA, sipB, spiA, sseC, and fimA were detected in all isolates, whereas genes carried on plasmids and/or fimbriae varied remarkably among all isolates. This study established Salmonella prevalence and persistence in poultry processing facilities after antimicrobial application through sanitization procedures which could result in contamination of poultry carcasses and food safety risks because of poultry meat.In this study, a strain of Trichosporon was isolated from white pseudomembranes and ulcers formed on mucous membranes of pigeon bursas and was identified through gene sequencing. Bacteriostatic actions of Acorus gramineus, Sophora flavescens, Polygonum hydropiper, and Chinese herbal mixture on this species were explored in vitro, and the minimum inhibitory concentration of herbal medicines against Trichosporon was determined through microdilution method. Therapeutic effects of herbal medicines on chickens infected by Trichosporon were studied, whose results showed that minimum inhibitory concentration of A. gramineus was 32 μg/μL, that of S. flavescens was 2 μg/μL, that of P. hydropiper was 120 μg/μL, and that of Chinese herbal mixture was 36 μg/μL. Antibacterial effects of S. flavescens were the best. In accordance with animal experiments, therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicines on infected chickens were better than those of fluconazole. The mortality rate of the Chinese herbal medicine treatment group was 33.33%, that of the fluconazole treatment group was 46.67%, and that of the Chinese medicine protection group was 23.33%. The longer the time of Chinese medicine treatments was, the better the treatment effects would be. Glutamic oxaloacetylase values of the serum and liver in the Chinese herbal medicine treatment group were both significantly lower than those of the nontreatment group. From the results, it can be seen that A. gramineus, S. flavescens, P. hydropiper, and Chinese herbal mixture have certain inhibitory effects on Trichosporon spp. Chinese herbal medicine protections in advance could reduce Trichosporon infections.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of replacing antibiotics with a combination of plant essential oils on the growth performances and gastrointestinal health of broilers. A total of 720 1-day-old male AA broilers were randomly divided into 3 treatments the control treatment (CON), the Aureomycin supplementation treatment (AGP), and the combined plant oils supplementation treatment (POC), with a 42-D period feeding procedure. Growth performances, carcass performances, intestinal sections, and cecal microbiota were investigated. Results indicated that POC supplementation decreased the feed conversion ratio compared with CON and AGP treatments, though not significantly. No significant differences were found for feed intake, BW gain, and culling rate among the 3 treatments (P > 0.05). In addition, no significant differences were seen on carcass performance. For the aspects of intestinal section, POC supplementation did not make significant effects on intestinal wall thickness, villus heights, crypt depths, and the ratio of villus heights/crypt depths compared with CON and AGP treatments. Cecal microbiota results demonstrated that bacterial diversity and some representative probiotic bacteria were significantly increased in numbers (P less then 0.05) after POC supplementation. In conclusion, the combination of essential oils promoted intestinal health through improving gut bacterial diversity and probiotic bacteria, as well as improving feed conversion ratio of broilers. this website These results indicated that the combination of essential oils may benefit the gastrointestinal health and be applied as an antibiotic alternative.Rye is high in nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), a complex carbohydrate which cannot be digested by poultry as they lack the endogenous enzymes to do so. Exogenous carbohydrases must therefore be supplemented to avoid the antinutritional effects associated with a high NSP diet. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of a rye-based diet with and without supplementation of a Bacillus direct-fed microbial (DFM) on body weight, bone mineralization, and leaky gut, as well as its role on influencing serum concentrations of peptide YY (PPY) and the ammonia concentration in turkey manure. Two independent trials were conducted. In each experiment, day-of-hatch female turkey poults were neck tagged and randomly assigned to either a control rye-based diet or a rye-based diet supplemented with the DFM (n = 25 birds/group). At 10 days-of-age, poults in both groups were administered with an appropriate dose of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) by oral gavage. One hour later, all poults weye-based diet have a significant increase in gut permeability, a reduced body weight, and decreased bone mineralization when compared with turkeys fed with the DFM. Turkeys that received the rye-based diet supplemented with the Bacillus-DFM also had a significant reduction in the serum concentration of PPY when compared with control turkeys. This finding suggests a possible prebiotic effect of rye, warranting future studies to test this effect. Further studies to evaluate the microbiota diversity, as well as the concentration of ceca short-chain fatty acids, are also necessary to confirm the reliability of PPY as a potential metabolomic biomarker in poultry.In this study, we explored the effect of dietary lead nitrate on zootechnical performance, egg quality, accumulation of ovarian plumbum (Pb), follicular atresia rate, and ovarian oxidative stress in laying hens. Furthermore, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling molecule was studied to reveal the molecular mechanism of the stress. A total of 512 Hy-Line Brown laying hens aged 40 wk were randomly allocated to 4 groups (with 8 pens per group and 16 hens per pen). The Pb concentrations used to treat the 4 groups were 3.20, 33.20, 63.20, and 93.20 mg/kg. The results revealed that dietary Pb exposure significantly linearly reduced the zootechnical performance (P less then 0.01) but significantly linearly increased the feed conversion ratio (P less then 0.01). The dietary Pb exposure significantly linearly reduced the Haugh units (P less then 0.01), albumen height (P less then 0.01), eggshell thickness (P less then 0.01), and eggshell strength (P less then 0.01). In addition, the dietary Pb exposure significantly enhanced the follicular atresia rate (P less then 0.