Cannonnunez6738

An attempt has been made to design one step synthesis of dopamine coated copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO@DOP NPs) by using microwave radiation method. The luminescent properties of CuO@DOP NPs have been explored for making colorimetric and visual biosensor for L-cys. Natural occurring dopamine has used as a precursor for the coating of CuO NPs that provides stability and generates functionality for the sensing of L-Cysteine (L-Cys). Being one of the important amino acid, L-cys has shown a fundamental role in living species due to the existence of sulfhydryl bonding which further affect the process of protein synthesis in living system. Therefore sensing of L-cys by using CuO@DOP NPs deserves higher consideration. Further, morphological and size parameters have been analyzed by using FESEM and HRTEM techniques. Surface interaction and coating of dopamine over CuO NPs has been examined through FTIR and TGA analysis. The non-toxicity and bio-compatibility of CuO@DOP NPs has been evaluated against L929 cell linesvia an economically viable microwave assisted method. The article has not been published in any language anywhere and that it is not under simultaneous consideration by another journal. The current work is novel. It is known that introducing a porous ceramic coating on titanium (Ti) implant surface fabricated by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) could enhance the differentiation of osteoblasts. However, the osteogenic capacity of MAO-fabricated coating still remains unknown when immune cells especially macrophages are involved. The influence of the inflammatory microenvironment and the co-influence of the inflammatory microenvironment and surface characteristics of MAO-fabricated coating on osteoblast response need to be explored. In this study, a new in vitro cell culture strategy is proposed by mimicking the biological events happened after implantation based on the recruitment of osteoblasts to biomaterial surfaces to investigate biological performances of MAO-modified Ti surface. It is found that macrophages grown on MAO-modified Ti surface were switched to M1-like phenotype, evidenced by the promoted expressions of inflammatory genes (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β) and production of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Moreover, the inflammatory microenvironment created by macrophage/MAO-modified Ti surface interactions could promote the collagen syntheses and matrix mineralization of osteoblast-like cells grown tissue culture plate. When osteoblasts were cultured on MAO-modified Ti surface and cultured by macrophage/MAO-modified Ti surface conditioned medium (CM), the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and collagen synthesis of osteoblast-like cells were promoted. This study suggests that MAO-modified Ti surface is beneficial for osteogenesis at both stages after implantation (before and after osteoblast recruitment to biomaterial surfaces). The use of nanocarriers for drug delivery is a strategy aimed to improve therapeutic indices through changes in their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics. Liposomes are well-investigated nanocarriers for drug delivery to macrophage-targeted therapy, the main hosts of intracellular pathogens of some infectious diseases, such as leishmaniasis. Repotrectinib chemical structure In this study, we developed hyaluronic acid (HA)-coated liposomes by different methods that can encapsulate a new quinoxaline derivative, the LSPN331, to increase its solubility and improve its bioavailability. The surface modification of liposomes and their physicochemical characteristics may depend on the coating method, which may be a critical parameter with regard to the route of administration of the antileishmanial drug. Liposomes with identical phospholipid composition containing the same drug were developed, and different biological responses were verified, and our hypothesis is that it is related to the type of modification of the surface. Different physicochemical characterization techniques (dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis quantification of labeled-HA) were used to confirm the successful modification of liposomes as well as their stability upon storage. The encapsulation of LSPN331 was performed using HPLC method, and the entrapment efficiency (EE%) was satisfatory in all formulations, considering results of similar formulations in the literature. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies were carried out to evaluate the efficacy against the parasite Leishmania amazonensis. The in vitro activity was maintained or even improved and HA-coated liposomes showed the ability to target to the site of action by the proposed routes of administration, topically and intravenously. Both formulations are promising for future tests of antileishmania activity in vivo. The preparation of an antibacterial film is imperative for the preservation and transportation of food. In the present work, we prepared a pullulan derivative/sodium alginate composite film. This composite film exhibited an excellent film-forming ability and water vapor barrier. In addition, with 11% light transmittance in the visible region, this film exhibited worthwhile light barrier properties. Further, the addition of sodium alginate improved the mechanical properties of the composite film (34 MPa). The active amino groups on the pullulan derivative backbone induced antimicrobial activity against both E. coli and S. aureus. This study can provide an essential guideline for the preparation of antibacterial food packaging films in the future. Carbon quantum dots (Cdots) have attracted more and more interests in bioimaging and tumor theranostics. However, their practical application has been limited due to the small particle size and non-tumor-specific fluorescence. Here, reduction-cleavable disulfide-linked Cdots-based nanoclusters were fabricated to conjugate doxorubicin (DOX) via an acid-labile hydrazone bond. Owing to the pH and reduction dual-stimuli responsiveness, the proposed Cdots-based nanotheranostics possessed unique tumor-specific fluorescent property and tumor-specific controlled drug release performance, indicating their promising potential for the in-situ real-time fluorescent monitoring of therapeutic response in future tumor therapy. Skin tissue engineering aims to develop the effective healing strategy to repair the wound by optimizing skin scaffold materials. During the skin wound healing process, fibrin plays an important role due to the specific blood coagulation effect. In this study, the outstanding fibrin capability of konjac glucomannan (KGM) is demonstrated by the molecular dynamics simulation and confirmed by the protein adsorption experiments. A series of konjac glucomannan/polyvinyl alcohol (KGM/PVA) composites with different ratio are fabricated and their role in enhancing the skin repair is tested by in vitro cell culture and in vivo study. The Eads (adsorption energy) between fibrin and KGM is about 30% larger than that between fibrin and PVA. The fibrinogen adsorption rates of PVA and KGM/PVA (55) composites can reach about 20% and 60%, respectively. The results show the blood adsorption capacity of KGM/PVA (55) composite can reach about 13 g/g. After 7 days of cell culture, the optical density values of 3T3 fibroblasts on KGM/PVA (55) composite could reach 0.8. The mechanical properties of the composites are also verified to meet the practical needs. Thus, we propose a potential wound dressing material strategy based on the materials design and the intrinsic properties of KGM. V.Considering the structural complexity of the native artery wall and the limitations of current treatment strategies, developing a biomimetic tri-layer tissue-engineered vascular graft is a major developmental direction of vascular tissue regeneration. Biodegradable polymers exhibit adequate mechanical characteristics and feasible operability, showing potential prospects in the construction of tissue engineering scaffold. Herein, we present a bio-inspired tri-layer tubular graft using biodegradable polymers to simulate natural vascular architecture. The inner layer made of polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber possesses high tensile strength and contributed to endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation. The middle layer consisted of poly(lactic-co-glycolide) (PLGA) with a three-dimensional porous structure is appropriate for vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) penetration. The polyurethane (PU) was selected to be the outer layer, aiming to hold the entire tubular structure, suggesting superior mechanical properties and ideal biocompatibility. Adhesion between independent layers is achieved by thermal crosslinking. The compliance, burst pressure and suture retention force of the tubular scaffold were 2.50 ± 1.60%, 2737.73 ± 583.41 mmHg and 13.06 ± 1.89 N, respectively. The in vivo study of subcutaneous implantation for 8 weeks demonstrated the biomimetic tri-layer vascular graft could maintain intimal integrity, cell infiltration, collagen deposition and scaffold biodegradation. Overall, the biomimetic tri-layer vascular graft promises to be a potential candidate for vascular replacement and regeneration. Significant advances have been made in the field of tissue engineering (TE), especially in the synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds for replacing damaged tissues and organs in laboratory conditions. However, the gaps in knowledge in exploiting these techniques in preclinical trials and beyond and, in particular, in practical scenarios (e.g., replacing real body organs) have not been discussed well in the existing literature. Furthermore, it is observed in the literature that while new techniques for the synthesis of 3D TE scaffold have been developed, some of the earlier techniques are still being used. This implies that the advantages offered by a more recent and advanced technique as compared to the earlier ones are not obvious, and these should be discussed in detail. For example, one needs to be aware of the reason, if any, behind the superiority of traditional electrospinning technique over recent advances in 3D printing technique for the production of 3D scaffolds given the popularity of the former over the latter, indicated by the number of publications in the respective areas. Keeping these points in mind, this review aims to demonstrate the ongoing trend in TE based on the scaffold fabrication techniques, focusing mostly, on the two most widely used techniques, namely, electrospinning and 3D printing, with a special emphasis on preclinical trials and beyond. In this context, the advantages, disadvantages, flexibilities and limitations of the relevant techniques (electrospinner and 3D printer) are discussed. The paper also critically analyzes the applicability, restrictions, and future demands of these techniques in TE including their applications in generating whole body organs. It is concluded that combining these knowledge gaps with the existing body of knowledge on the preparation of laboratory scale 3D scaffolds, would deliver a much better understanding in the future for scientists who are interested in these techniques. V.The present work addresses the design of β-Titanium alloy, TNTZ, microstructure to be used in biomedical applications as implant materials. The TNTZ alloy has recently started to attract interest in the area of biomedical engineering as it can provide elastic modulus values that are comparable to the modulus of the human bone. Such a match between the implant and bone significantly increases the compatibility and functionality of the implant material with the human body. Experimental studies reveal that the modulus of TNTZ varies around 55-60 GPa, whereas the bones typically have modulus around 25-30 GPa. Therefore, to achieve a better match in modulus values and further improve the compatibility of the implant, we present a computational design study. As the properties of materials are significantly affected by the underlying microstructure, we focus on identifying the optimum microstructures. Our goal is to minimize the difference between the elastic modulus values of the microstructure and the bone. To ensure the manufacturability of such an optimum design solution, we analyze the microstructural evolution during deformation processing to obtain the optimum microstructure that can be processed.