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The reduced eruption rate and the apical shift of the contralateral incisor are probably due to an increased occlusal load. © 2020 The Authors. Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia published by Blackwell Verlag GmbH.OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of storage time and temperature on plasma insulin levels and to establish a correction formula. METHODS Venous blood samples were taken from 20 volunteers and processed as follows whole blood samples, centrifuged samples, and separated plasma samples were stored at 4°C or 25°C. Insulin levels were determined by direct chemiluminescence at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 hours. According to the correlation between the insulin concentration ratio and storage time, correction formulas for the insulin concentration were established. To verify the test, the venous blood samples of another 33 volunteers were processed in the same way. The insulin levels of the samples were corrected after 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours and compared with the value at 0 hours to verify the feasibility of the corrected formula. RESULTS With the prolongation of storage time, the insulin levels of the whole blood samples at 4°C or 25°C and of the centrifuged samples at 25°C decreased gradually (P  .05). CONCLUSIONS The insulin levels of the whole blood samples at 4°C or 25°C and of the plasma samples at 25°C gradually decreased with storage time. The effect of storage time on the insulin level can be reduced with the correction formulas. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of sperm selection by single-layer centrifugation (SLC) performed before freezing on sperm quality after thawing of Fleckvieh bull semen. Ejaculates from 22 bulls were collected by artificial vagina and divided into two aliquots. One aliquot (control sample) was diluted with Steridyl® and frozen over nitrogen vapour in a Digitcool freezer (IMV Technologies). Sperm from the second aliquot (SLC sample) was selected using the SLC technique with Bovicoll colloid and then frozen over nitrogen vapour in a Digitcool freezer. After thawing, both samples (control and SLC) were evaluated by computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA; SCA 6.4 System; Microptic S.L) for sperm motility parameters. Integrity of the plasma membrane (viability), high mitochondrial membrane potential (HMMP) and acrosome integrity were assessed using a Guava® easyCyte flow cytometer (IMV Technologies). Morphological examination of spermatozoa was performed by Differential Interference Contrast microscopy (Leica DMi8). Morphological examination of live, immobilized spermatozoa was analysed under high magnification (≥6,600×). After thawing, the mean sperm viability of the control sample was 51.57%, compared to 40.37% for the SLC sample (p  less then  .01). HMMP was higher (p  less then  .01) in the control sample (40.37% versus 28.96%), and the mean of live spermatozoa with damaged acrosome was significantly higher (p  less then  .03) in the SLC sample (1.63% versus 1.95%). The mean percentage of motile spermatozoa was 80.17% in the control sample, compared to 75.14% in the SLC sample (p  less then  .0195), and rapid subpopulation reduced from 20.08% to 8.99% (p  less then  .0001) after SLC. Percentage of hyperactivated sperm decreased from 12.23% to 4.28% (p  less then  .0001) after SLC. Given the overall results, the sperm quality of thawed Fleckvieh bull semen was not improved when sperm were selected by SLC before freezing. © 2020 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) account for an increasing proportion of liver disease in the Asia-Pacific region. Many areas in the region are experiencing epidemics of metabolic syndrome among rapidly ageing populations. AIMS To estimate using modelling the growth in NAFLD populations, including cases with significant fibrosis that are most likely to experience advanced liver disease and related mortality. METHODS A disease progression model was used to summarise and project fibrosis progression among the NAFLD populations of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan. For each area, changes in the adult prevalence of obesity was used to extrapolate long-term trends in NAFLD incidence. RESULTS In the areas studied, prevalent NAFLD cases were projected to increase 6%-20% during 2019-2030, while prevalent NASH cases increase 20%-35%. Incident cases of hepatocellular carcinoma are projected to increase by 65%-85%, while incident decompensated cirrhosis cases increase 65%-100% by 2030. Likewise, NAFLD-related mortality is projected to increase between 65% and 100% from 2019 to 2030. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cb-839.html NAFLD disease burden is expected to increase alongside rising trends in metabolic syndrome and obesity among populations in the region. This leads to more cases of advanced liver disease and associated mortality. CONCLUSIONS Preventing the growth of diabetic and obese populations will be a key factor in reducing ongoing increases in NAFLD-related disease burden in the Asia-Pacific region. © 2020 The Authors. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Tomosyn, a protein encoded by syntaxin-1-binding protein 5 (STXBP5) gene, has a well-established presynaptic role in the inhibition of neurotransmitter release and the reduction of synaptic transmission by its canonical interaction with the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor machinery. However, the postsynaptic role of tomosyn in dendritic arborization, spine stability, and trafficking of ionotropic glutamate receptors remains to be elucidated. We used short hairpin RNA to knock down tomosyn in mouse primary neurons to evaluate the postsynaptic cellular function and molecular signaling regulated by tomosyn. Knockdown of tomosyn led to an increase of RhoA GTPase activity accompanied by compromised dendritic arborization, loss of dendritic spines, decreased surface expression of AMPA receptors, and reduced miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequency. Inhibiting RhoA signaling was sufficient to rescue the abnormal dendritic morphology and the surface expression of AMPA receptors.