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These results highlight the importance of perceived fairness and the influence of SES in the links among household chores and long-term relationship processes, health, and well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Sleep is a fundamental health behavior that has profound implications for an individual's well-being. Worry has been recognized as a major cause of sleep problems, but it remains unclear how middle-aged adults' worries about their adult children and aging parents are associated with their sleep on a daily basis. Middle-aged adults (N = 191; Mage = 55.93) were interviewed for 7 consecutive days (Nday = 1,261). Participants reported on the time they went to bed, the time they woke up, and the quality of sleep on each interview day. Daily interviews also assessed participants' worries about each adult child (n = 454) and each aging parent (n = 253). Multilevel models showed that middle-aged adults' prior day's worries about adult children were associated with poorer sleep quality that night. After they experienced a good night's sleep, middle-aged adults were less likely to worry about their parents. Findings suggest a daily link between worries about family members and sleep among middle-aged adults. Worries about family members are associated with poorer sleep quality at night; poorer sleep quality is related to an increased risk of worrying about family members on the subsequent day. Our findings suggest the development and implementation of interventions to promote sleep health in multigenerational families is warranted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Adolescent antisocial behavior (ASB) can have long-term individual and societal consequences. Much of the research on the development of ASB considers risk and protective factors in isolation or as cumulative indices, likely overlooking the co-occurring and interacting nature of these factors. Guided by theories of ASB risk (i.e., coercive family process, disengagement), this study uses latent profile analysis to evaluate whether there are subgroups of families in the population that conform to specific constellations of risk factors prescribed by established theories of risk for ASB, and whether subgroup membership confers differential risk for different ASBs. We leveraged a large sample of adolescents in Fall, Grade 6 (N = 5,300; Mage = 11.8; 50.9% female) for subgroup analysis, and predicted aggression, antisocial peer behavior, and substance use in Spring, Grade 8. Four family profiles were identified Coercive (15%), characterized by high family conflict, low positive family climate, low parental involvement, low effective discipline, low adolescent positive engagement, and low parental knowledge; Disengaged (41%), characterized by low positive family climate, low parental involvement, low adolescent positive engagement, and low parental knowledge; Permissive (11%), characterized by high parental involvement, low effective discipline, high adolescent positive engagement, high parental knowledge, and high family conflict; and High Functioning (34% prevalence). In turn, group membership predicted long-term outcomes. Adolescents in Coercive families were at highest risk for ASB during Grade 8, followed by those in Disengaged and Permissive profiles; all three of which were at greater risk than adolescents in High Functioning families for every outcome. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Adolescence is important for the development of achievement motivation, including achievement goal pursuit. Longitudinal research is scarce on adolescents' goal development and its implications for academic outcomes. In our research, we first present a systematic review of findings on achievement goals in adolescence. Then we report 2 longitudinal studies with German adolescents in which we investigated the separate as well as joint development of achievement goals, interest, and achievement in the domain of mathematics. Study 1 comprised 745 students assessed in 4 waves in grades 5-7 (43% female; age MT1 = 10.66). Study 2 comprised 1,420 students assessed in 4 waves in grades 5-8 (47% female; age MT1 = 10.58). Students reported their mastery, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals and their interest in mathematics. Mathematics achievement was assessed by school grades (Studies 1 and 2) and standardized test scores (Study 1). Data were analyzed using latent growth curve, multiple process, and cross-lagged models. Findings for the 2 studies evidenced a substantial degree of consistency. All goals decreased and the decrease became smaller over time in most instances. Controlling for nonfocal goals and demographic variables (socioeconomic status, gender), multiple process models revealed that change in mastery and performance-approach goals was positively related or unrelated to change in interest and achievement, whereas change in performance-avoidance goals was negatively related or unrelated to change in interest and achievement. Cross-lagged models revealed that relations between the achievement goals on the one hand and interest and achievement on the other hand were reciprocal rather than unidirectional. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).The beer goggles effect refers to heightened perceptions of attractiveness resulting from intoxication. However, research in this area has produced mixed findings and has largely been reliant on self-report measures of perceived attractiveness. This study aimed to utilize an implicit measure to assess the beer goggles phenomenon in a preregistered study. One hundred twenty-nine heterosexual U.K. university students were recruited (74 female, Mage = 24.12 years, SDage = 9.09 years) in real-life drinking environments (classified post hoc as sober or lightly intoxicated based on Blood Alcohol Concentration [BAC]) to conduct a spatial cuing paradigm that measured the effect of distracting stimuli on task performance. this website Participants were asked to determine the orientation of a letter while ignoring any incidentally presented (un)attractive facial stimuli. Sober participants appeared to find attractive faces equally distracting, regardless of whether they were being cued to look toward or away from the face-a traditional attractiveness bias. Intoxicated participants, on the other hand, appeared to find attractive and unattractive faces equally distracting. Findings highlight the possibility that the beer goggles phenomenon results from a leveling of the playing field whereby attentional biases toward attractive faces are dampened as a result of light intoxication. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Episodic memory is the ability to recollect specific past events belonging to our personal experience, and it is one of the most crucial human abilities, allowing us to mentally travel through time. In animals, however, evidence of what-where-when memory (hereafter, WWW memory) is limited to very few taxa, mostly reflecting the socioecological challenges faced in their environment. In this article, we aimed to replicate 2 studies previously conducted on birds and primates to find convincing evidence of WWW memory in great apes. For this purpose, we tested 12 captive great apes in 3 different tasks. In Task 1, we tested whether great apes take into account temporal information when choosing between highly preferred perishable and less-preferred nonperishable food items. In Task 2, we tested whether great apes can differentiate between similar events having happened at different times in the past. Finally, in Task 3, we tested whether great apes can use their memory flexibly, incorporating novel information in their memories. In none of the tasks did our subjects make the correct choice significantly above chance, with performance further declining when subjects were presented with 2 events (Task 2). Moreover, none of them could reliably integrate novel information into their memories. Overall, our study casts doubt on the existence of WWW memory in great apes, and especially calls for more caution when using WWW memory tasks and interpreting their results. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Spin engineering provides a powerful strategy for manipulating the interaction between electrons in the d orbital and oxygen-containing adsorbates, while a little endeavor was performed to understand whether such a strategy can make a prosperous enhancement for fuel electrooxidations. Herein, we demonstrate that spin engineering of trimetallic Pd-Fe-Pt nanomeshes (NMs) can achieve superior enhancement for fuel electrooxidations. Magnetization characterizations reveal that Pd59Fe27Pt14 NMs own the highest number of polarized spins (μb = 0.85 μB/f.u.), playing an important role on facilitating the adsorption of OHads to promote the oxidation of COads, as confirmed by theoretical results. Consequently, the optimized Pd59Fe27Pt14 NMs exhibit excellent methanol oxidation reaction activity and stability with a mass activity of 1.61 A mgPt-1, 2.6-fold and 7.3-fold larger than those of PtRu/C and Pt/C. Such catalysts also present exceptional performances in ethanol oxidation and formic acid oxidation reactions. Our work highlights a new strategy for designing efficient electrocatalysts for fuel electrooxidations and beyond.Combinatorial biosynthesis of 5/5/6 type polycyclic tetramate macrolactams (PoTeMs) was achieved in an engineered ikarugamycin (5/6/5 type) producer by introducing a set of 5/5/6 type PoTeM biosynthetic genes from Streptomyces griseus. This study supports the idea that PoTeMs share a common polyene tetramate precursor generated by the hybrid polyketide synthase/nonribosomal peptide synthetase enzymes. The X-ray crystal structure of pactamide G (7) sets an example for resolving the absolute configuration of 5/5/6 type PoTeMs.A combined approach toward syntheses of epoxyguaiane sesquiterpenes is presented. By use of a fungus sesquiterpene cyclase, guaian-6,10(14)-diene was produced through metabolic engineering of the isoprenoid pathway in E. coli. (-)-Englerin A, (-)-oxyphyllol, (+)-orientatol E, and (+)-orientalol F have been synthesized in two to six steps. This strategy provided rapid access to the epoxyguaiane core structure and would facilitate syntheses of (-)-englerin A and its analogues for evaluation of their therapeutic potentials in drug discovery.Site-selective functionalization of C-H bonds within a peptide framework poses a challenging task of paramount synthetic relevance. Herein, we report an operationally simple C(sp2)-H trifluoromethylation of tryptophan (Trp)-containing peptides. This fluorination technique is characterized by its chirality preservation, tolerance of functional groups, and scalability and exhibits chemoselectivity for Trp residues over other amino acid and heterocyclic units. As a result, it represents a sustainable tool toward the late-stage peptide modification and protein engineering.We report a combined nano-photocurrent and infrared nanoscopy study of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) enabling access to the local electronic phenomena at length scales as short as 20 nm. We show that the photocurrent changes sign at carrier densities tracking the local superlattice density of states of TBG. We use this property to identify domains of varying local twist angle by local photo-thermoelectric effect. Consistent with the photocurrent study, infrared nano-imaging experiments reveal optical conductivity features dominated by twist-angle dependent interband transitions. Our results provide a fast and robust method for mapping the electronic structure of TBG and suggest that similar methods can be broadly applied to probe electronic inhomogeneities of moiré superlattices in other van der Waals heterostructures.