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of patients presenting with pelvic pain, co-morbidity of dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia, infertility and low parity can guide clinicians and gynecologist to make early and proper diagnosis of endometriosis for better treatment outcomes.

Anthropometric and abnormal menstrual profile of patients presenting with pelvic pain, co-morbidity of dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia, infertility and low parity can guide clinicians and gynecologist to make early and proper diagnosis of endometriosis for better treatment outcomes.Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is defined as a metastatic involvement of the peritoneum by several other primary sites and it is characterized by a marked worsening of prognosis, with limited treatment opportunities. Subsequently, PC should be ruled out before any invasive treatment is administered. A new through-the-needle micro-biopsy forceps (MF) was recently introduced that permits micro-histology cores. In this case series, we evaluated the feasibility of MF in the assessment of PC to complete patient diagnostic work-ups. Five consecutive patients referred for endoscopic ultrasound staging were sampled using MF. Sampling was feasible in all patients with a technical success of 100%. No adverse events were reported in any cases. This technique was feasible and safe with a technical success rate of 100%. It permitted sampling of peritoneal irregularity, obtained high-quality tissue fragments in all cases, and enabled an additional assessment, i.e., immunohistochemical staining.

Carbon dioxide is increasingly used in insufflation during colonoscopy in adult patients; however, air insufflation remains the primary practice among pediatric gastroenterologists. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate insufflation using CO2 versus air in colonoscopies in pediatric patients.

Individualized search strategies were performed using MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and LILACS databases following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and Cochrane working methodology. Randomized control trials (RCTs) were selected for the present meta-analysis. Pooled proportions were calculated for outcomes including procedure time and abdominal pain immediately and 24 hours post-procedure.

The initial search yielded 644 records, of which five RCTs with a total of 358 patients (CO2 n=178 versus air n=180) were included in the final analysis. The procedure time was not different between the CO2 and air insufflation groups (mean difference, 10.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.55 to 24.22; p=0.11). Abdominal pain immediately post-procedure was significantly lower in the CO2 group (risk difference [RD], -0.15; 95% CI; -0.26 to -0.03; p=0.01) while abdominal pain at 24 hours post-procedure was similar (RD, -0.05; 95% CI; -0.11 to 0.01; p=0.11).

Based on this systematic review and meta-analysis of RCT data, CO2 insufflation reduced abdominal pain immediately following the procedure, while pain was similar at 24 hours post-procedure. CQ211 compound library inhibitor These results suggest that CO2 is a preferred insufflation technique when performing colonoscopy in pediatric patients.

Based on this systematic review and meta-analysis of RCT data, CO2 insufflation reduced abdominal pain immediately following the procedure, while pain was similar at 24 hours post-procedure. These results suggest that CO2 is a preferred insufflation technique when performing colonoscopy in pediatric patients.

Rheumatic valvular heart disease (RVHD) is one of the foremost causes of heart failure (HF) in our population, particularly among young adults, but a decline in the prevalence of RVHD has been observed. The effect of this decline on the relevance of RVHD among other causes of HF is not established in our setting.

To determine whether RVHD is still a leading cause of HF in our population or not.

This was a retrospective study of HF patients hospitalized between August 2018 and June 2020. The demographic features, blood pressure, aetiology of HF and ejection fraction were retrieved from the unit's HF register. Data were presented as frequencies and medians. Associations were tested as appropriate.

RVHD accounted for 78 (35.5%) of HF, with a median age of 47 years. The young and middle- aged subgroups were 10(12.8%) and 48(61.6%), respectively. The affected valves were all regurgitant and 68 (77.2%) had definite RVHD. Isolated mitral valve, combined mitral and aortic valves were affected in 40 (51.3%) and 22 (28.2%), respectively. The median systolic blood pressure and ejection fraction were 110mmHg and 26% respectively. RVHD was associated with HF with reduced ejection fraction. (P value < 0.001).

RVHD remains one of the leading causes of HF (35.5%) among adults in our population. Young adults are now in the minority and most patients present late in the course of the disease. Valve surgery should be made readily accessible. Primary and secondary prevention of acute rheumatic fever should be reinforced.

RVHD remains one of the leading causes of HF (35.5%) among adults in our population. Young adults are now in the minority and most patients present late in the course of the disease. Valve surgery should be made readily accessible. Primary and secondary prevention of acute rheumatic fever should be reinforced.

Hypertension is the commonest cardiovascular risk factor globally and is a cause of untold morbidity and mortality. However, its clinical correlates at the community level have not been well elucidated.

History taking, anthropometric measurements, electrocardiograms and laboratory investigations were done for all the study subjects. Ethical approval was obtained from the institution's ethical body. Analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Two hundred people were recruited for the study. The prevalence of hypertension in the community was 58.5% with 31(15.5%) being newly diagnosed. The Body Mass Index [BMI] (28.2±6vs 25.6±5.3; P=0.003),Waist-Hip ratio (0.9±0.08 vs 0.86±0.06; p= 0.001), total cholesterol (5.675±1.8 vs 4.6±1.7, P=0.000), triglycerides (1.19±0.85 vs 0.91±0.59; p=0.019), LDL cholesterol (3.38±1.6 vs 2.66±1.5; p=0.002), heart rate (82.4±15.8 vs 76.8±11.2; p=0.018) QRS duration (84.8±13.4 vs 80.5±11.2; p=0.040), and QTc (0.423±0.041 vs 0.402±0.035; p=0.001) were higher in those with hypertension.