Wilcoxhoppe6170

zygaena. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is regarded as one of the most common dose-limiting adverse effects of several chemotherapeutic agents, such as platinum derivatives (oxaliplatin and cisplatin), taxanes, vinca alkaloids and bortezomib. CIPN affects more than 60% of patients receiving anticancer therapy and although it is a nonfatal condition, it significantly worsens patients' quality of life. The number of analgesic drugs used to relieve pain symptoms in CIPN is very limited and their efficacy in CIPN is significantly lower than that observed in other neuropathic pain types. Importantly, there are currently no recommended options for effective prevention of CIPN, and strong evidence for the utility and clinical efficacy of some previously tested preventive therapies is still limited. METHODS The present article is the second one in the two-part series of review articles focused on CIPN. It summarizes the most recent advances in the field of studies on CIPN caused by oxaliplatin, the third-generation platinum-based antitumor drug used to treat colorectal cancer. Pharmacological properties of oxaliplatin, genetic, molecular and clinical features of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy are discussed. RESULTS Available therapies, as well as results from clinical trials assessing drug candidates for the prevention of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy are summarized. CONCLUSION Emerging novel chemical structures-potential future preventative pharmacotherapies for CIPN caused by oxaliplatin are reported.PURPOSE Cryptosporidium parvum is an Apicomplexa parasite that causes watery diarrhea (cryptosporidiosis), especially in children and immunocompromised adults (the latter in a very severe form). No effective treatment exists against infection by this parasite. Phosphatases participate in the regulation of various cellular functions and are thus considered potential therapeutic targets in many diseases. The aim of the present study was to indirectly identify and in silico characterize a protein phosphatase 2C of C. AZD1208 nmr parvum. METHODS Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy were performed with a polyclonal antibody against Leishmania major PP2C. Possible cross-reactivity with LmPP2C was assessed by in silico sequence homology to analyze phylogenetic relationships between distinct C. parvum PP2Cs. In addition, another bioinformatics approach was used to predict the possible relationship and function of C. parvum PP2C in the regulation of several cellular processes. RESULTS Western blotting showed a protein of approximately 72 kDa. With immunofluorescence, PP2C was localized in the nucleus of oocysts (with some additional labeling in the cytoplasm) and at the apical region of sporozoites. By aligning C. parvum PP2C with known ortholog sequences and carrying out PPI analysis, a determination could be made of the degree of conservation of these enzymes, their possible relationship, and their function in the regulation of several cellular processes associated with a likely nuclear location. CONCLUSION Microscopic localization by immunofluorescence identified CpPP2C at the nucleus in oocysts and at the apical end of the sporozoite body. Hence, this enzyme could be associated with proteins that have an important role in the regulation of transcription and other processes orchestrated by MAPK kinases, according to in silico analysis.PURPOSE In the present work, a group of nine medicinal plants (Sonchus oleraceus, Echinops spinosissimus, Trichodesma africana, Pergularia tomentosa, Teucrium oliverianum, Blepharis ciliaris, Citrllus colocynthis, Cleome amblyocarpa and Aerva javanica) from eight different families were investigated for their in vitro anti-leishmanial activity against the promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania major. L. major is the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) which is one of the major health problems in Saudi Arabia and neighboring countries such as Iraq and Iran. However, the commonly available commercial therapeutics still come with multiple unwanted side effects in addition to parasite resistance, so medicinal plants have attracted attention due to their affordability and beneficial effects. METHODS The selected plants were collected from Al Qassim region in the middle of Saudi Arabia, and then extracts were prepared with methanol using overnight soaking for the whole plants. RPMI 1640 was usarpa and T. oliverianum extracts against the L. major amastigote stages with 5.7 and 5.3, respectively. CONCLUSION We can conclude that T. oliverianum, P. tomentosa and C. amblyocarpa are the best anti-leishmanial plants, so further phytochemical studies for isolation of active ingredients are highly recommended.INTRODUCTION Monogeneans of the genus Gyrodactylus were found on the gills of specimens of the bigeye sculpin Triglops nybelini Jensen, 1944 caught by trawl in the Barents Sea in January-February 2016. METHODS Morphological preparations of the parasites were examined and photographed under a microscope at magnifications of × 100-1000 and morphometric analyses were carried out on 22 specimens using ImageJ2 software. Eight of the specimens used for the morphological comparisons were also subjected to molecular analyses by sequencing a region of the ribosomal DNA spanning partial 18S, the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1 and 2), 5.8S and partial 28S and comparing this with other species through a BlastN-search in GenBank and through phylogenetic analyses. RESULTS The morphology of the species from T. nybelini was markedly different to that of any of other species of Gyrodactylus. It is characterized by having relatively long hamulus roots, a character that it shares with two other species described from marine sculpins (Cottidae); G. armatus and G. maculosi. It also has a narrow rectangular ventral bar membrane with a posterior notch which it shares with G. maculosi only. Compared with all the seven species from marine Cottidae described so far, it has the smallest opisthaptoral hard parts. A comparison of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequence with available sequences in GenBank and a phylogenetic analyses also showed it to be highly divergent from other sequences. Therefore, a new species is proposed, Gyrodactylus triglopsi n. sp. CONCLUSION Both the morphological and molecular analyses support the status of G. triglopsi as a new species. This is to our knowledge the first species of Gyrodactylus described from Triglops nybelini and the description extends the list of Gyrodactylus species found on fish in the Barents Sea to 17.