Matzenkock8458
ed radiation oncology.
To assess whether a commercially available CE-IVD, ELISA-based surrogate neutralisation assay (cPass, Genscript) provides a genuine measure of SARS-CoV-2 neutralisation by human sera, and further to establish whether measuring responses against the RBD of S was a diagnostically useful proxy for responses against the whole S protein.
Serum samples from 30 patients were assayed for anti-NP responses, for 'neutralisation' by the surrogate neutralisation assay and for neutralisation by SARS-CoV-2 S pseudotyped virus assays utilising two target cell lines. Correlation between assays was measured using linear regression.
The responses observed within the surrogate neutralisation assay demonstrated an extremely strong, highly significant positive correlation with those observed in both pseudotyped virus assays.
The tested ELISA-based surrogate assay provides an immunologically useful measure of functional immune responses in a much quicker and highly automatable fashion. It also reinforces that detection of anti-RBD neutralising antibodies alone is a powerful measure of the capacity to neutralise viral infection.
The tested ELISA-based surrogate assay provides an immunologically useful measure of functional immune responses in a much quicker and highly automatable fashion. It also reinforces that detection of anti-RBD neutralising antibodies alone is a powerful measure of the capacity to neutralise viral infection.
The association between infant respiratory microbiota and disease (including respiratory tract infections and asthma) is increasingly recognised, although the mechanism remains unclear. Respiratory infections and asthma account for a large proportion of infant morbidity and mortality, so the possibility of preventing disease or modifying clinical outcomes by manipulating microbiome development warrants investigation.
We identified studies that investigated the efficacy of live bacteria (probiotics or human challenge) or their substrates to modify respiratory colonisation or clinical outcomes in infants.
Interventional studies involving infants under one year of age, administration of live bacteria or their substrates, and outcome measures including bacterial colonisation, microbiome profile, or respiratory disease phenotypes.
Some bacterial interventions can reduce infant respiratory infections, although none have been shown to reduce asthma incidence. The literature is heterogeneous in design and quality, precluding meaningful meta-analysis.
Upper respiratory tract infant microbiome manipulation may alter outcomes in respiratory tract infection, but further well-conducted research is needed to confirm this. Improved regulation of proprietary bacterial products is essential for further progress.
Upper respiratory tract infant microbiome manipulation may alter outcomes in respiratory tract infection, but further well-conducted research is needed to confirm this. Improved regulation of proprietary bacterial products is essential for further progress.Macrobrachium nipponense has the characteristics of fast ovarian development cycle, which leads to the coexistence of multiple generations, the reduction of commodity specifications and the low economic benefit. Therefore, the study on the mechanism of ovarian development is of great significance to the development of industry. Cyclin A (CycA)is a key gene regulating ovarian development in vertebrates, but little information was available for its function in crustaceans. In this study, the full-length cDNA of Mn-CycA was obtained from the ovary. The full-length cDNA (2033 bp) with an open reading frame of 1368 bp, encoded a 456-amino acid protein. qRT-PCR revealed tissue-specific expression pattern of Mn-CycA, with abundant expression in the ovary. Results in different developmental stages of ovary indicated that Mn-CycA expression is positively correlated with ovarian maturation. qRT-PCR In different developmental stages, the expression of Mn-CycA mRNA gradually increased during the embryonic stage and decreased significantly on the first day of the hatching stage. At the 25th day of the metamorphosis stage, the expression level of Mn-CycAmRNA in female shrimp was 3.5 times higher than that in male shrimp, which may be related to the proliferation of oogonia and the formation of oocytes. In situ hybridization (ISH) of ovary showed Mn-CycA was examined in all stages and was mainly located in oogonia and oocytes. Compared with the control group, the obvious change of gonad somatic index (GSI) proved that injection of Mn-CycA dsRNA could delay the ovarian development cycle, which provided strong evidence for the involvement of Mn-CycA in ovarian maturation and oogenesis, and expanded a new perspective for studying the fast ovarian development cycle in M. nipponense.Sister chromatid cohesion (SCC) is essential for the maintenance of genome integrity. The establishment of SCC is coupled to DNA replication, and this is achieved in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by a mechanism that is dependent on the interaction between Eco1 acetyltransferase and PCNA in the DNA replication complex. In vertebrates, the Eco1 homolog ESCO2 has been reported to interact with MCM complex in the DNA replication complex to establish DNA replication-dependent cohesion. Here we show that budding yeast Eco1 is also physically interacted with the MCM complex. We found that Eco1 was specifically bound to Mcm2 subunit in the MCM complex and they interacted via their N-terminal regions, using yeast two-hybrid system. The underlying mechanism of the interaction was different between yeast and vertebrates. Intensive molecular dissection of Eco1 identified residues important for interaction with Mcm2 and/or PCNA. Mutant forms of Eco1 (Eco1mWW and Eco1mGRK), where sets of the identified residues were substituted with alanine, resulted in impaired SCC, decreased level of acetylation of Smc3, and a reduction of Eco1 protein amount in yeast cells. We, hence, suggest that Eco1 is stabilized by its interactions with MCM complex and PCNA, which allows it to promote DNA replication-coupled SCC establishment.
This study aimed to investigate the association of FTO methylation level with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a nested case-control study.
This nested case-control study included 287 pairs of T2DM cases and controls identified from a rural Chinese cohort study with a 6-year follow-up. Controls were matched to the cases on a 11 basis by age, sex, ethnicity, marital status, and residence. Conditional multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of cytosine guanine (CpG) locus and tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms (Tag-SNPs) with T2DM. Entinostat concentration Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the association between FTO methylation and possible risk factors for T2DM in the control group.
The methylation level on the CpG9 site significantly differs between cases and controls, with a significant association between the CpG9 site methylation and probability of T2DM OR 2.19 (95%CI 1.31-3.65) after adjusting for potential confounders. The Tag-SNPs (rs72803657, rs1558902, rs17817449, rs11076023) were not associated with T2DM. Further, FTO methylation was associated with some risk factors for T2DM.
A CpG locus of FTO was positively associated with T2DM, but SNPs were not. FTO methylation were also associated with some T2DM risk factors. Further study with a large sample size and data on metabolic product are needed to confirm the association.
A CpG locus of FTO was positively associated with T2DM, but SNPs were not. FTO methylation were also associated with some T2DM risk factors. Further study with a large sample size and data on metabolic product are needed to confirm the association.
Scutellaria baicalensis (Huang-Qin in Chinese) is a dry root of the perennial herb Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which has been used extensively in current prescriptions. Scutellaria baicalensis is an herb high in flavonoids, and baicalein is the one flavonoid found in the highest amount in Scutellaria baicalensis.
Influenza virus could cause mild respiratory tract illness to severe pneumonia and even death. Baicalein has been proved to be one of the effective components against the influenza virus. However, there have been few reports on human trials of baicalein. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of baicalein in vivo and analyze its pharmacokinetic characteristics.
Three randomized studies were conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, tolerability, and food effects of baicalein tablets. In the 7-month single-dose safety study, 60 subjects were enrolled and randomized to receive 100-800mg baicalein tablets or placebo. In the single-dose PK study, 40 subjects were en*ng/mL, respectively. And t
ranged from 7.80 to 14.91h. The exposure of baicalein and its metabolites increased in a less than dose-proportional manner.
Baicalein tablets within the studied dose range were safe and well-tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects with no serious or severe adverse effects. Further investigation will be needed to assess the safety and efficacy in the target patients.
Baicalein tablets within the studied dose range were safe and well-tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects with no serious or severe adverse effects. Further investigation will be needed to assess the safety and efficacy in the target patients.Ethnopharmacological relevance Paeonia lactiflora is a famous Traditional Chinese medicine widely used for immunological regulation. Paeoniflorin, the main component of Paeonia lactiflora, exerts neuroprotective and antidepressant-like effects in rodents.
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) is essentially required in the central nervous system as it acts as both a neurotrophic factor and an anti-inflammatory factor participating in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of neurons in the brain. However, it is unclear whether paeoniflorin could exert antidepressant effects via regulating FGF-2.
In the present study, the effects of paeoniflorin were evaluated in depressive mice induced by the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection.
The results showed that paeoniflorin markedly increased sucrose preference and reduced immobility time in LPS mice, indicating antidepressant effects. Consistent with the results from molecular docking showing paeoniflorin antagonizes TLR4, NF-κB and the inhibition of microglial activation in the hippocampus.
Bitter melon, Momordica charantia L. (MC), is an ethnomedicinal plant cultivated in different climes. It's cytotoxic effect on several cancer cell lines has been evaluated. However, there have been contrasting reports on the actual mechanism (s) involved in the observed cell death induced by MC.
To probe the mechanism of cell death induction in MDA-MB-436 (Breast) and A549 (lung) cancer cell lines treated with fractions (ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and hexane) derived from the aqueous extract of MC.
Aqeous extract of the leaves of MC were fractionated using solvents of different polarities (ethyl acetate (D3), n-hexane (D4), dichloromethane (D5)). The cells were incubated with 100 and 125μg/mL of the fractions 24 hours. Combination of fluorescence microscopy, enzyme assays, Western blot analyses and flow cytometry were employed in the study.
Treatment of the cells with MC fractions reduced Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) and intracellular ATP levels, while increasing reactive oxygen species levels without classical biochemical and morphological apoptotic features were seen.
