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We will then discuss dysregulation of those RNA modifications and RMPs in cancer and their role in cancer therapy and drug resistance.Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. To date, significant progress has been made in developing stimuli-responsive nanosystems that can intrinsically interact with pathological microenvironment to achieve site-specific delivery along with on-demand drug release for precise CVD treatment. Herein, this review summarizes recent advances on smart nanosystems in response to a wide range of biological cues, including pH, enzymes, ROS, shear force, ATP, etc., which can boost drug delivery performance or monitor disease progression in a non-invasive manner. The designs, compositions and main outcomes of the single and multi- responsive nanosystems for drug delivery and/or detection purposes are provided and discussed.
Prussian Blue (PB) is available as conventional release dosage form "Radiogardase" with effective daily dose 3-10 g (very high). The target site is duodenum where it inhibits enterohepatic circulation of Cs & Tl ions, enhancing their fecal excretion.
To enhance efficacy, target release, reduce dose and side effects, oral pH dependent matrix formulation of PB based on in-situ gelation of sodium alginate along with calcium salts was formulated and evaluated.
Different combinations of matrix granules were formulated and optimized. The optimized one was compressed using Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (Pvp K30) in different batches and optimized. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was used to assess in-vitro binding efficacy of formulation to thallium using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The proof of concept i.e. drug release in duodenum was studied through pharmacoscintigraphy using radiolabeled formulation in rabbits.
The optimized granules showed no drug release in acidic medium for 2 h whereas complete empty of basket in basic medium within 30-60 minutes. selleck inhibitor The matrix tablet formulation with Pvp K30 (10% w/w) was optimized with desired hardness and optimum in-vitro release profile. The release data fitted to various linear kinetic models, Hixson-Crowell r2 (0.9906) best fit, confirmed the erosion based release mechanism. The maximum binding capacity (MBC) was found significantly higher (89.60 mg Tl/g formulation) than that of PB API (65.90 mg Tl /g PB API). Pharmacoscintigraphic images confirmed intact formulation in stomach up to 2h and burst release in intestine thereafter.
The results exemplify oral pH dependent PB matrix formulation which achieved desirable target release at duodenum and in-vitro binding efficacy towards Tl ion was appreciable.
The results exemplify oral pH dependent PB matrix formulation which achieved desirable target release at duodenum and in-vitro binding efficacy towards Tl ion was appreciable.Systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been widely used in clinics for several decades, but their disadvantages, such as systemic cytotoxicity and severe side effects, are the biggest obstacle to maximum therapeutic efficacy. In recent years, the impact of extracellular matrix components in tumor progression has aroused the attention of researchers, and with the rapid development of nanomaterials, extracellular matrix targeted nanomaterials have become a promising strategy in tumor theranostics. In this review, we are going to outline the recent and relevant examples of various tumor extracellular matrix targeted nanomaterials applied in tumor therapy and imaging. And we will discuss the challenges and prospects of nanomaterials for future tumor therapy.
Curcumin is claimed as a potent protectant against gastric ulcer (GU) induced by strong necrotizing agents including NSAIDs through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activities. However, it was found to exert opposite effects to either delay ulcer healing or exacerbate ulcer inflammation through some curative mechanisms differently modified by curcumin dosage. Its ability in inhibiting the expression of COX-2 may also delay the healing of NSAIDs-induced GU. Recently, a topical chitosan-curcumin solution has been found to be a safe and potential alternative agent in treating oral ulcer. Therefore, an oral chitosan-curcumin mixture was developed and determined for its efficacy in treating NSAIDs-induced GU in rat.
A chitosan (150 mg)-curcumin (20 mg) mixture with optimal gastric pH was developed. Indomethacin (30 mg/kg) was given orally to the rat and test preparations were administered orally at 5 h later and then every 24 h for two consecutive days. The sum of all gastric ulcerated areas (mm2) for each stomach was used as ulcer index. Gastric pro-inflammatory mediators and cytoprotective factors were determined.
An oral administration of a chitosan-curcumin mixture exerted a superior efficacy than curcumin, chitosan or lansoprazole (a standard antiulcer agent) in healing indomethacin-induced GU. It was revealed that the mixture exhibited the highest anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and gastric mucus producing activities including the high potency in down-regulating pro-inflammatory COX-2 and iNOS expression but up-regulating cytoprotective COX-1, nNOS and eNOS expression.
The present findings indicated the benefit of a chitosan-curcumin mixture as a potential alternative agent in treating NSAIDs-induced gastric ulcer.
The present findings indicated the benefit of a chitosan-curcumin mixture as a potential alternative agent in treating NSAIDs-induced gastric ulcer.Coronavirus-19 causing a severe acute respiratory disorder in humans and becoming a major health problem. Its expansion takes place very rapidly throughout the world since it has been first identified in Wuhan, China (December 2019). The causative virus is known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. And the World Health Organization has named this respiratory syndrome as a new epidemic disease called COVID-19. The incidence of COVID-19 continues to increase with three million confirmed infected cases and with 244,000 death cases worldwide. Still, now there is no specific treatment or vaccine available against COVID- 19. The collective information about the different aspects of COVID-19 viral infection has gathered from renowned journals, and electronic databases including Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed from 1990 to 2020 The current manuscript has highlighted transmission and symptoms. Therefore, the current manuscript also included says how the SARS-CoV 2 can facilitate the debut of the virus into targeted host cells.
In December 2019, an outbreak of a pneumonia-like illness, Coronavirusdisease-2019 (COVID-19), originating from Wuhan, China was linked to novel coronavirus, now termed SARS-CoV-2. Unfortunately, no effective drugs or vaccines have been reported yet. The main protease (MPRO) remains the most validated pharmacological target for the design and discovery of inhibitors.
The purpose of the study was to find a prospective natural scaffold as an inhibitor for MPRO main protease in SARS-CoV-2 and compare it with repurposed antiviral drugs lopinavir and nelflinavir.
Natural compound libraries were screened for potential scaffold against MPRO main protease. Molecular dynamics simulation, MM-GBSA and principle component analyses of enzyme-ligand complexes were carried out with the top-ranking hits and compared with the repurposed antiviral drugs lopinavir and nelfinavir.
The structure-based virtual screening indicated phenylbenzopyrone of flavonoids as one of the top-ranking scaffolds that have the potential to inhibit the main protease with O-glycosidic form performing better than corresponding aglyconic form. Simulation studies indicated that glycosidic form of flavonoid as more suitable inhibitor with compounds rutin, procyanidin B6, baicalin and galloylquercetin, demonstrating high affinity and stability, and rutin emerging as one of the best candidate compound. Interestingly, rutin was reported to have inhibitory activity against similar protease (3Cprotease of enterovirus A71) as well as implicated in lung fibrosis.
The present study displaying flavonoids, possessing a potential scaffold for inhibiting main protease activity for all betacoronavirus is an attempt to provide new and safe drug leads within a reasonably short period.
The present study displaying flavonoids, possessing a potential scaffold for inhibiting main protease activity for all betacoronavirus is an attempt to provide new and safe drug leads within a reasonably short period.Drug-drug interactions may occur when to combine two or more drugs and may cause some adverse events such as Cardiotoxicity, Central neurotoxicity, Hepatotoxicity, etc. Although a large number of researchers who are proficient in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics have been engaged in drug assays and trying to find out the side effects of all kinds of drug combinations. However, at the same time, the number of new drugs is increasing dramatically, and the drug assay is an expensive and time-consuming process. It is impossible to find all the adverse reactions through drug experiments. Therefore, new attempts have risen in using computational techniques to deal with this problem. In this review, we conduct a review of the literature on applying the computational method for predicting drug-drug interactions. We first briefly introduce the widely used data sets. After that, we elaborate on the existing state-of-art deep learning models for drug-drug interactions prediction. We also discussed the challenges and opportunities of applying the computational method in drug-drug interactions prediction.Mammalian nervous systems depend crucially on myelin sheaths covering the axons. In the central nervous system, myelin sheaths consist of lipid structures which are generated from the membrane of oligodendrocytes (OL). These sheaths allow fast nerve transmission, protect axons and provide them metabolic support. In response to specific traumas or pathologies, these lipid structures can be destabilized and generate demyelinating lesions. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an example of a demyelinating disease in which the myelin sheaths surrounding the nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord are damaged. MS is the leading cause of neurological disability in young adults in many countries, and its incidence has been increasing in recent decades. Related to its etiology, it is known that MS is an autoimmune and inflammatory CNS disease. However, there are no effective treatments for this disease and the immunomodulatory therapies that currently exist have proven limited success since they only delay the progress of theath", "remyelination", "demyelination", "oligodendrocyte" and "lipid synthesis" were used to focus the search. We favoured papers published after January, 2015, but did not exclude earlier seminal papers.This review article mainly focuses on the revolution on the synthesis of gold nanoplatform from previous era to the present era. Initially, the gold nanoplatform was widely used by the electrical and electronic industries in their products due to their remarkable properties such as large surface volume, redox activity, fluorescence quenching and optical electronic properties. In this era, due to the invention of localised surface plasmonic resonance, optoacoustic, photothermal and theragnostic characteristics of the gold nanoplatform and their application in biosensor and various diagnostic methods, the pharmaceutical and biotechnological companies started showing their interest in manufacturing of gold nanoplatform and used in their new product development. This colloidal dispersion is synthesized in various forms such as, gold nanoparticle, gold nanoplatform, plasmonic gold nanoparticle, amphiphilic gold nanoparticle and gold nanocrystal. This review article describes various methods of preparation of gold nanoplatform with different size, shape and physiobiological properties and their applications in different fields.
