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The coating with Triclosan-loaded nanogels shows a killing efficacy of up to 99.99% of adhering bacteria on the surface compared to nonquaternized nanogel coatings while still possessing an antifouling activity. This powerful multifunctional coating for combating biomaterial-associated infection is envisioned to greatly impact the design approaches for future clinically applied coatings.Fibrillar species have been proposed to play an essential role in the cytotoxicity of amyloid peptide and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Discrimination of Aβ aggregates in situ at high spatial resolution is therefore significant for the development of a therapeutic method. In this work, we adopt a rhodamine-like structure as luminescent centers to fabricate carbonized fluorescent nanoparticles (i.e., carbon dots, RhoCDs) with tunable emission wavelengths from green to red and burst-like photoblinking property for localization-based nanoscopic imaging. These RhoCDs contain lipophilic cationic and carboxyl groups which can specifically bind with Aβ1-40 aggregates via electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding. According to the nanoscopic imaging in the Aβ1-40 fibrillation and disaggregation process, different types of Aβ1-40 aggregates beyond the optical diffraction limit have been disclosed. Additionally, length-dependent toxic effect of Aβ1-40 aggregates beyond the optical diffraction limit is unveiled. Short amyloid assemblies with length of 187 ± 3.9 nm in the early stage are more toxic than the elongated amyloid fibrils. Second, disassembly of long fibrils into short species by Gramicidin S (GS-2) peptide might enhance the cytotoxicity. These results lay the foundation to develop functional fluorophore for nanoscopic imaging and also provide deep insight into morphology-dependent cytotoxicity from amyloid peptides.Halide perovskite light absorbers have great advantages for photovoltaics such as efficient solar energy absorption, but charge accumulation and recombination at the interface with an electron transport layer (ETL) remain major challenges in realizing the absorbers' full potential. Here we report the experimental realization of a zipper-like interdigitated interface between a Pb-based halide perovskite light absorber and an oxide ETL by the PbO capping of the ETL surface, which produces an atomically thin two-dimensional metallic layer that can significantly enhance the perovskite/ETL charge extraction process. As the atomistic origin of the emergent two-dimensional interfacial metallicity, first-principles calculations performed on the representative MAPbI3/TiO2 interface identify the interfacial strain induced by the simultaneous formation of stretched I-substitutional Pb bonds (and thus Pb-I-Pb bonds bridging MAPbI3 and TiO2) and contracted substitutional Pb-O bonds. Direct and indirect experimental evidence for the presence of interfacial metallic states are provided, and a nonconventional defect-passivating nature of the strained interdigitated perovskite/ETL interface is emphasized. It is experimentally demonstrated that the PbO capping method is generally applicable to other ETL materials, including ZnO and SrTiO3, and that the zipper-like interdigitated metallic interface leads to about a 2-fold increase in the charge extraction rate. Finally, in terms of the photovoltaic efficiency, we observe a volcano-type behavior with the highest performance achieved at the monolayer-level PbO capping. This work establishes a general perovskite/ETL interface engineering approach to realize high-performance perovskite solar cells.Adult cardiomyocytes are terminally differentiated cells that result in minimal intrinsic potential for the heart to self-regenerate. The introduction of novel approaches in cardiac tissue engineering aims to repair damages from cardiovascular diseases. Recently, conductive biomaterials such as carbon- and gold-based nanomaterials, conductive polymers, and ceramics that have outstanding electrical conductivity, acceptable mechanical properties, and promoted cell-cell signaling transduction have attracted attention for use in cardiac tissue engineering. click here Nevertheless, comprehensive classification of conductive biomaterials from the perspective of cardiac cell function is a subject for discussion. In the present review, we classify and summarize the unique properties of conductive biomaterials considered beneficial for cardiac tissue engineering. We attempt to cover recent advances in conductive biomaterials with a particular focus on their effects on cardiac cell functions and proposed mechanisms of action. Finally, current problems, limitations, challenges, and suggested solutions for applications of these biomaterials are presented.It is predicted that the antibiotic resistance crisis will result in an annual death rate of 10 million people by the year 2050. To grapple with the challenges of the impending crisis, there is an urgent need for novel and rapid diagnostic tools. In this study, we developed a novel monoclonal antibody-named mAb-EspB-B7-that targets the EspB protein, a component within the bacterial type 3 secretion system (T3SS), which is mainly expressed in Gram-negative pathogens and is essential for bacterial infectivity. We found that mAb-EspB-B7 has high affinity and specificity toward recombinant and native EspB proteins; is stable over a range of pH levels, temperatures, and salt concentrations; and retains its functionality in human serum. We identified the epitope for mAb-EspB-B7 and validated it by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Since this epitope is conserved across several T3SS-harboring pathogens, mAb-EspB-B7 holds great potential for development as an active component in precise and rapid diagnostic tools that can differentiate between commensal and pathogenic bacterial strains. To this end, we integrated the well-characterized monoclonal antibody into an electrochemical biosensor and demonstrated its high specificity and sensitivity capabilities in detecting pathogenic bacterial T3SS-associated antigens as well as intact bacteria. We foresee that in the near future it will be possible to design and develop a point-of-care biosensor with multiplexing capabilities for the detection of a panel of pathogenic bacteria.Laser manufacturing is a promising method for the design and preparation of high value-added materials. When the laser acts on the polymer precursors, some wonderful phenomena will always occur and accompanied by the generation of new substances. Herein, we report a top-down approach for the direct preparation of orange-yellow dye that is similar to psittacofulvins from commercial polymer resins by laser writing. Conjugated double bonds and micro-rough structures are formed simultaneously on laser-irradiated polymer substrate surfaces. The typical polyconjugated structures of psittacofulvin dyes were confirmed by micro-Raman and Raman imaging results. Temperature-dependent Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy further demonstrated the formation mechanism of laser-induced psittacofulvins dyes based on the chemical composition. Further, optical microscopy, laser confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were carried out to characterize the physical morphologies of laser-irradiated polymer substrates. A unique advantage of preparing psittacofulvins dye using laser writing is its simple steps, and the dye can be converted directly from the appropriate precursor substrate. Interestingly, the laser-irradiated polymer substrate surface undergoes color change. This laser-induced color patterning is attractive due to the characteristics of high precision, flexibility, and maskless; any patterns can be easily designed and produced on the polymer at desired positions.Mg2Sn is a potential thermoelectric (TE) material that exhibits environmental compatibility. In this study, we fabricated Sb-doped Mg2Sn (Mg2Sn1-xSb x ) single-crystal ingots and demonstrated the enhancement of TE performance via point defect engineering and Sb doping. The Mg2Sn1-xSb x single-crystal ingots exhibited considerably enhanced electrical conductivity because of the donor-doping effect in addition to high carrier mobility. Moreover, the Mg2Sn1-xSb x single-crystal ingots contained Mg vacancy (VMg) as a point defect. The introduced VMg and doped Sb atoms formed nanostructures, both acting as phonon-scattering centers. Consequently, lower lattice thermal conductivity was achieved for the Mg2Sn1-xSb x single-crystal ingots compared with polycrystalline counterparts. Owing to the significant enhancement in the electrical conductivity and the reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity, the maximum power factor of 5.1(4) × 10-3 W/(K2 m) and the maximum dimensionless figure of merit of 0.72(5) were achieved for the Mg2Sn0.99Sb0.01 single-crystal ingot, which are higher than those of single-phase Mg2Sn1-xSb polycrystals.Magnetoactive soft material (MASM) is distinguished for multifunctional shape manipulations under magnetic actuation, thereby holding a great promise in soft robotics, actuators, electronics, and metamaterials. However, the current research of MASM with continuum hard-magnetic profiles focuses little on the transformation mechanism, high dimensional shape transformation, and multistable locomotion. Herein, we developed a systematic methodology for programmable transformation and controllable locomotion of MASM with 3D-patterned continuum magnetization. An iterative computational model based on the equilibrium between magnetic torque and deformation-induced elastic torque was developed for precise prediction of MASM transformation. Multidimensional and complex shape manipulation ability of MASM was demonstrated by magnetically actuated transformations, including 1D to 2D, 2D to 3D, and 3D to 4D transformations of solid MASM, 2D to 3D pattern transformation of MASM-based elastin-like mesh, and 3D to 4D transformation of MASM-based cuboidal lattice. Multistable and controllable locomotion of MASM was verified by multimodal locomotion behaviors of a scallop-inspired robot for wall climbing in a dry frame and drug delivery in wet stomach, including roll, open, and close under self-locked and unlocked states.There is a continuing, urgent need for an ophthalmic (eye) drop for the clinical therapy of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness. Here, we report the first formulation of an eye drop that is effective via autophagy for AMD treatment. This eye drop is based on a single natural product derivative (ACD), which is an amphiphilic molecule containing a 6-aminohexanoate group (H2N(CH2)5COO-). We demonstrate that this eye drop reverses the abnormal angiogenesis induced in a primate model of AMD that has the pathological characteristics close to that of human AMD. The ACD molecule was self-assembled in an aqueous environment leading to nanoparticles (NPs) about 9.0 nm in diameter. These NPs were encapsulated in calcium alginate hydrogel. The resulting eye drop effectively slowed the release of ACD and displayed extended release periods in both simulated blood (pH 7.4) and inflammatory (pH 5.2) environments. We show that the eye drop penetrated both the corneal and blood-eye barriers and reached the fundus.