Chopeters0383

1% vs 12.4%, P = .035).

The 2 weight-based PN standardized formulations studied did not significantly decrease the incidence of hypernatremia or hyperglycemia.

Future studies to determine optimal standardized PN to provide early nutrition in high-risk neonates are warranted.

Future studies to determine optimal standardized PN to provide early nutrition in high-risk neonates are warranted.

Effects of unit design and shift worked on stress in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses have not been fully studied.

To compare stress in NICU nurses who work in single-family room (SFR) or open bay (OBY) units and on nonrotating day or night shift.

Full-time registered nurses (RNs) (n = 72) from a 42-bed SFR and a 131-bed OBY NICU participated in this comparative cross-sectional study. XL413 CDK inhibitor The Nurse Stress Scale (NSS) and within-shift repeated salivary cortisol levels were used to measure stress. The relationship between NSS score and salivary cortisol level was examined using multiple linear regression. Salivary cortisol levels of day versus night shift were compared with mixed-effects linear models.

NSS scores were similar for SFR and OBY units (P = .672) and day versus night shift (P = .606). Changes in cortisol level over time (P = .764) and final cortisol level (P = .883) for SFR versus OBY were not significantly different after controlling for shift. Salivary cortisol level of day-shift nurses decreased significantly over time compared with night-shift nurses (P < .001). The final cortisol level was significantly higher for night-shift compared with day-shift nurses (P < .001).

Psychological (NSS) and physiologic (salivary cortisol) stress of NICU nurses is similar in established SFR and OBY units. Cortisol levels are higher at the end of shift in nurses who work night shift and may reflect increased physiologic stress.

Strategies are needed for reducing stress in NICU nurses who work night shift.

Strategies are needed for reducing stress in NICU nurses who work night shift.

Preterm infants routinely require enteral feeding via nasogastric or orogastric tubes as an alternative to oral feeding to meet their nutritional needs. Anecdotal evidence suggests variations in practice related to correct tube placement and assessment of feed intolerance.

To determine the current practices of enteral feeding tube placement confirmation and gastric residual (GR) aspiration of neonatal clinicians in Australia.

A cross-sectional online survey comprising 24 questions was distributed to nursing and medical health professionals working in Australian neonatal care units through 2 e-mail listservs made available by professional organizations.

The survey was completed by 129 clinicians. A single method was practiced by 50% of the clinicians in confirming tube placement, and most common practice was assessing the pH of GR aspirate. The majority of respondents (96%) reported that they relied on GR aspiration and clinical signs to determine feeding tolerance and subsequent decisions such as ceased methods both for enteral feeding tube placement confirmation and for the assessment of feeding intolerance during tube feeding. In addition, the reasons why evidence-based methods are not followed must be investigated.

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are used routinely in neonatal care. Measures of surface anatomy have been used to estimate appropriate PICC depth in neonates since 1973. However, prior PICC research using anthropometric measures to estimate proper PICC insertion depth has been limited to pediatric and adult literature.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among a neonate's anthropometric measures and the appropriate PICC insertion depth.

Neonates requiring PICC insertion at Nationwide Children's Hospital were enrolled between January and September 2018. Standard PICC procedures were followed. The research group corroborated appropriate PICC tip position of enrolled infants. Multivariable linear regression with robust standard errors was used to evaluate linear relationships between PICC insertion depth and current weight, current length, and PICC insertion site.

Demographics of enrolled infants included gestational ages of 23 to 39 weeks, weights of 510 to 3870 g, and lengths of 31 to 54 cm. Of the 56 infants considered, final statistical analysis included 49 neonates (14 ankle, 16 knee, and 19 antecubital insertions). Current neonatal weight was associated with PICC depth at all sites (all Ps < .0001). Current neonatal length was associated with PICC depth at all sites (all Ps < .0001). Preprocedure surface measurement was also strongly associated with PICC insertion depth (P < .0001).

This investigation demonstrated a relationship for both neonatal weight and length that may be an anthropometric model for neonatal PICC insertion depth.

A more robust sample size could more precisely define the anthropometric model.

A more robust sample size could more precisely define the anthropometric model.Characterization of the T cell response in individuals who recover from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is critical to understanding its contribution to protective immunity. A multiplexed peptide-MHC tetramer approach was used to screen 408 SARS-CoV-2 candidate epitopes for CD8+ T cell recognition in a cross-sectional sample of 30 coronavirus disease 2019 convalescent individuals. T cells were evaluated using a 28-marker phenotypic panel, and findings were modelled against time from diagnosis and from humoral and inflammatory responses. There were 132 SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cell responses detected across 6 different HLAs, corresponding to 52 unique epitope reactivities. CD8+ T cell responses were detected in almost all convalescent individuals and were directed against several structural and nonstructural target epitopes from the entire SARS-CoV-2 proteome. link2 A unique phenotype for SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells was observed that was distinct from other common virus-specific T cells detected in the same cross-sectional sample and characterized by early differentiation kinetics. Modelling demonstrated a coordinated and dynamic immune response characterized by a decrease in inflammation, increase in neutralizing antibody titer, and differentiation of a specific CD8+ T cell response. Overall, T cells exhibited distinct differentiation into stem cell and transitional memory states (subsets), which may be key to developing durable protection.

Florbetapir (AV45) and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET imaging are valuable techniques to detect the amyloid-β (Aβ) load and brain glucose metabolism in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

The purpose of this study is to access the characteristics of Aβ load and FDG metabolism in brain for further investigating their relationships with cognitive impairment in AD patients.

Twenty-seven patients with AD (average 70.6 years old, N = 13 male, N = 14 female) were enrolled in this study. These AD patients underwent the standard clinical assessment and received detailed imaging examinations of the nervous system by using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), 18F-AV45, and 18F-FDG PET scans.

Of 27 AD patients, 22 patients (81.5%) showed significantly increases in Aβ load and 26 patients (96.3%) had significantly reductions in FDG metabolism. The moderate AD patients had more brain areas of reduced FDG metabolism and more severe reductions in some regions compared to mild AD patients, with no differences in Aβ load observed. Moreover, the range and degree of reduced FDG metabolism in several regions were positively correlated with the total score of MMSE or MOCA, whereas the range of Aβ load did not. No correlation was found between the range of Aβ load and the range of reduced FDG metabolism in this study.

The reduction in FDG metabolisms captured by 18F-FDG imaging can be used as a potential biomarker for AD diagnosis in the future. 18F-AV45 imaging did not present valuable evidence for evaluating AD patient in this study.

The reduction in FDG metabolisms captured by 18F-FDG imaging can be used as a potential biomarker for AD diagnosis in the future. 18F-AV45 imaging did not present valuable evidence for evaluating AD patient in this study.

African American/Black adults have a disproportionate incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are underrepresented in biomarker discovery efforts.

This study aimed to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers for AD using a combination of proteomics and machine learning approaches in a cohort that included African American/Black adults.

We conducted a discovery-based plasma proteomics study on plasma samples (N = 113) obtained from clinically diagnosed AD and cognitively normal adults that were self-reported African American/Black or non-Hispanic White. link3 Sets of differentially-expressed proteins were then classified using a support vector machine (SVM) to identify biomarker candidates.

In total, 740 proteins were identified of which, 25 differentially-expressed proteins in AD came from comparisons within a single racial and ethnic background group. Six proteins were differentially-expressed in AD regardless of racial and ethnic background. Supervised classification by SVM yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91 and accuracy of 86%for differentiating AD in samples from non-Hispanic White adults when trained with differentially-expressed proteins unique to that group. However, the same model yielded an AUC of 0.49 and accuracy of 47%for differentiating AD in samples from African American/Black adults. Other covariates such as age, APOE4 status, sex, and years of education were found to improve the model mostly in the samples from non-Hispanic White adults for classifying AD.

These results demonstrate the importance of study designs in AD biomarker discovery, which must include diverse racial and ethnic groups such as African American/Black adults to develop effective biomarkers.

These results demonstrate the importance of study designs in AD biomarker discovery, which must include diverse racial and ethnic groups such as African American/Black adults to develop effective biomarkers.

Mindfulness is the practice of awareness and living in the present moment without judgment. Mindfulness-based interventions may improve dementia-related outcomes. Before initiating interventions, it would be beneficial to measure baseline mindfulness to understand targets for therapy and its influence on dementia outcomes.

This cross-sectional study examined patient and caregiver mindfulness with patient and caregiver rating scales and patient cognitive performance and determined whether dyadic pairing of mindfulness influences patient outcomes.

Individuals (N = 291) underwent comprehensive evaluations, with baseline mindfulness assessed using the 15-item Applied Mindfulness Process Scale (AMPS). Correlation, regression, and mediation models tested relationships between patient and caregiver mindfulness and outcomes.

Patients had a mean AMPS score of 38.0±11.9 and caregivers had a mean AMPS score of 38.9±11.5. Patient mindfulness correlated with activities of daily living, behavior and mood, health-related quality of life, subjective cognitive complaints, and performance on episodic memory and attention tasks.