Dayaarup1999

The disease burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not uniform across occupations. Although healthcare workers are well-known to be at increased risk, data for other occupations are lacking. In lieu of this, models have been used to forecast occupational risk using various predictors, but no model heretofore has used data from actual case numbers. This study assesses the differential risk of COVID-19 by occupation using predictors from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) database and correlating them with case counts published by the Washington State Department of Health to identify workers in individual occupations at highest risk of COVID-19 infection.

The O*NET database was screened for potential predictors of differential COVID-19 risk by occupation. Case counts delineated by occupational group were obtained from public sources. Prevalence by occupation was estimated and correlated with O*NET data to build a regression model to predict individual occupations at greatest risk.

Two variables correlate with case prevalence disease exposure (r = 0.66; p = 0.001) and physical proximity (r = 0.64; p = 0.002), and predict 47.5% of prevalence variance (p = 0.003) on multiple linear regression analysis. The highest risk occupations are in healthcare, particularly dental, but many nonhealthcare occupations are also vulnerable.

Models can be used to identify workers vulnerable to COVID-19, but predictions are tempered by methodological limitations. Comprehensive data across many states must be collected to adequately guide implementation of occupation-specific interventions in the battle against COVID-19.

Models can be used to identify workers vulnerable to COVID-19, but predictions are tempered by methodological limitations. Comprehensive data across many states must be collected to adequately guide implementation of occupation-specific interventions in the battle against COVID-19.

To determine how multifocal contact lenses affect contact lens discomfort.

This randomised, participant-masked, crossover clinical trial fitted 84 uncomfortable soft contact lens wearers (30-40years old) with single vision and multifocal contact lenses. Contact lens discomfort was assessed using the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8 (CLDEQ-8).

There was no difference between multifocal and single vision survey scores (p=0.08). There was an interaction between lens type and age group (p=0.05). CLDEQ-8 scores with the single vision lens were less symptomatic than multifocal scores in participants <35years old (p=0.01). Single vision and multifocal scores for the older age group were not different. Subjectively, those in the <35year-old age group preferred the single vision lens for intermediate (p=0.02), distance (p=0.003), and overall vision (p=0.002). In the ≥35year-old age group, no lens was significantly preferred for vision.

Participants in the younger age group had more favourable wearing experiences with the single vision lens compared to the multifocal lens. The older age group, however, had similar wearing experiences with both lens types. While younger contact lens wearers may prefer the wearing experience with single vision lenses, some uncomfortable contact lens wearers approaching 40years old may benefit from wearing a multifocal contact lens sooner in life than is typically practised.

Participants in the younger age group had more favourable wearing experiences with the single vision lens compared to the multifocal lens. The older age group, however, had similar wearing experiences with both lens types. While younger contact lens wearers may prefer the wearing experience with single vision lenses, some uncomfortable contact lens wearers approaching 40 years old may benefit from wearing a multifocal contact lens sooner in life than is typically practised.

Vedolizumab was shown to be effective and safe for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) in the GEMINI phase 3 and long-term safety (LTS) studies.

To report treatment persistence and safety results up to 2years after enrolment in the vedolizumab extended access programme (XAP) METHODS Vedolizumab XAP is a phase 3b/4, prospective, open-label, multinational, interventional study. At rollover from GEMINI LTS, patients who were experiencing continued clinical benefit with vedolizumab received reduced dosing frequency from every 4weeks (Q4W) to every 8weeks (Q8W). Patient persistence on Q8W dosing, incidence of relapse, and safety 2years after enrolment were investigated.

We enrolled 311 patients (142 UC and169 CD). At baseline, 93.7% (UC) and 89.3% (CD) of patients were in clinical remission; 93.0% (UC) and 84.6% (CD) reduced dosing frequency to Q8W at enrolment. Of those who reduced dosing frequency to Q8W at enrolment, 93.9% (UC) and 91.6% (CD) remained on Q8W dosing; 6.1% (UC) and 8.4% (CD) re-escalated to Q4W dosing. Relapse was reported in 9.1% (UC) and 14.0% (CD) of patients who reduced dosing to Q8W. Adverse events related to vedolizumab were infrequent; no new events were reported.

We observed high patient persistence on vedolizumab Q8W in the first 2years after the reduction of dosing frequency in the XAP along with low rates of Q4W dose re-escalation and relapse. The safety profile was consistent with previous reports. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02743806.

We observed high patient persistence on vedolizumab Q8W in the first 2 years after the reduction of dosing frequency in the XAP along with low rates of Q4W dose re-escalation and relapse. The safety profile was consistent with previous reports. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02743806.

Rates of elderly patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are increasing, and biomarkers are needed to optimise their therapies. Serum triiodothyronine-to-thyroxine (T3/T4) ratio has been correlated with geriatric patient frailty.

To assess the suitability of T3/T4 ratio as a response marker to biologics in elderly patients with IBD.

Patients with IBD over 60yearsold were enrolled, when starting biological therapy. Therapeutic outcome was assessed after 54weeks of treatment as mucosal healing (Mayo endoscopic score<2 for ulcerative colitis; ulcer disappearance for Crohn's disease) and clinical remission (Partial Mayo Score<2 for ulcerative colitis; Harvey-Bradshaw Index<5 for Crohn's disease). T3/T4 ratio was evaluated at baseline, and its association with therapeutic outcomes was tested by multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC).

We enrolled 80 patients; 44 achieved clinical remission and 36 mucosal healing. Baseline T3/T4 ratio was higher in patients with mucosal healing, as compared with those without mucosal healing (P<0.0001), regardless of the disease type or biological drug (OR 6.4 [2.9-14.3] for each T3/T4 unit increase, P<0.0001). A cut point of 3.3 was identified as the optimal threshold of baseline T3/T4 ratio for predicting mucosal healing, providing 78% sensitivity and 89% specificity (area under the ROC curve 0.88 [0.79-0.94]; positive and negative likelihood ratios 6.8 [2.9-15.9] and 0.3 [0.1-0.5] respectively).

T3/T4 ratio seems a reliable tool for predicting therapeutic outcome of biological therapy in elderly patients with IBD. If validated, the assessment of this parameter before starting biological treatment might be suggested.

T3/T4 ratio seems a reliable tool for predicting therapeutic outcome of biological therapy in elderly patients with IBD. If validated, the assessment of this parameter before starting biological treatment might be suggested.

This study aimed to examine the health service use and healthcare costs of adults with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) in Taiwan.

AN and BN cases between 2002-2013 were extracted from a national health insurance database. For each AN and BN case, we randomly selected 10 controls with no eating disorder, matched for sex, age, urbanization of residence, and year of medical visit. The percentage and frequency of health services use and costs in the year preceding and after the diagnosis of AN/BN were compared between groups. this website We used generalized linear models with gamma distribution and log link function to determine the effects of age, sex, and psychiatric comorbidities on the total cost adjusting for physical comorbidities and to calculate the mean cost difference between groups by using marginal and incremental effects.

Both individuals with AN and BN had significantly elevated healthcare utilization and costs compared to controls during the baseline and one-year period after diagnosis. Patients with AN had more than three times higher total costs (US $792) and patients with BN had two times higher total costs (US $320) than individuals without eating disorders. Comorbidity of depressive disorder and older age significantly increased healthcare costs among both individuals with AN and BN.

There are high medical and economic burdens of care for individuals with AN and BN. Early diagnosis and integrated care for eating disorders are important tasks to reduce disease burden in Taiwan.

There are high medical and economic burdens of care for individuals with AN and BN. Early diagnosis and integrated care for eating disorders are important tasks to reduce disease burden in Taiwan.In this article, we introduce the recently developed intrinsic estimator method in the age-period-cohort (APC) models in examining disease incidence and mortality data, further develop a likelihood ratio (L-R) test for testing differences in temporal trends across populations, and apply the methods to examining temporal trends in the age, period or calendar time, and birth cohort of the US heart disease mortality across racial and sex groups. The temporal trends are estimated with the intrinsic estimator method to address the model identification problem, in which multiple sets of parameter estimates yield the same fitted values for a given dataset, making it difficult to conduct comparison of and hypothesis testing on the temporal trends in the age, period, and cohort across populations. We employ a penalized profile log-likelihood approach in developing the L-R test to deal with the issues of multiple estimators and the diverging number of model parameters. The identification problem also induces overparametrization of the APC model, which requires a correction of the degree of freedom of the L-R test. Monte Carlo simulation studies demonstrate that the L-R test performs well in the Type I error calculation and is powerful to detect differences in the age or period trends. The L-R test further reveals disparities of heart disease mortality among the US populations and between the US and Japanese populations.

The study aims to examine the effect of delaying first bathing on skin barrier function, body temperature, and neonatal comfort of late preterm infants.

This study is a multi-centre, single-blind, prospective randomized controlled trial.

We attempt to report this randomized controlled trial to comply with the SPIRIT. The study population will consist of 80 late preterm infants born at three centres (hospitals) in Turkey. The study, between September 2020-September 2021 will be held in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The participants will be randomly divided into two groups, each with different bathing times. The first group (N=40) will be bathed between 24-48hr after birth and the second group (N=40) will be bathed between 48-72hr after birth. Each group's intervention will be performed by a blinded researcher. The infants' transepidermal water loss, body temperature, and comfort level will be measured before the bath and again at three times after the bath. The measurements will be taken by a blinded researcher and blinded nurse.