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ing to increase the association prediction ability of the IDSSIM-WKNKN model; in terms of case studies, most of potential disease-associated lncRNAs predicted by IDSSIM can be confirmed by databases and literatures, implying that IDSSIM can serve as a promising tool for predicting lncRNA functions, identifying potential lncRNA-disease associations, and pre-screening candidate lncRNAs to perform biological experiments. The IDSSIM code, all experimental data and prediction results are available online at https//github.com/CDMB-lab/IDSSIM .

Adaptive radiations are characterized by extreme and/or iterative phenotypic divergence; however, such variation does not accumulate evenly across an organism. Instead, it is often partitioned into sub-units, or modules, which can differentially respond to selection. While it is recognized that changing the pattern of modularity or the strength of covariation (integration) can influence the range or rate of morphological evolution, the relationship between shape variation and covariation remains unclear. For example, it is possible that rapid phenotypic change requires concomitant changes to the underlying covariance structure. Alternatively, repeated shifts between phenotypic states may be facilitated by a conserved covariance structure. Distinguishing between these scenarios will contribute to a better understanding of the factors that shape biodiversity. Here, we explore these questions using a diverse Lake Malawi cichlid species complex, Tropheops, that appears to partition habitat by depth.

We constrlasticity may be an important force in initiating depth transitions, priming the feeding apparatus for evolutionary change.

Our data support the hypothesis that conserved patterns of modularity permit the evolution of divergent morphologies and may facilitate the repeated transitions between habitats. In addition, we find the lab-reared populations replicate many trends in the natural populations, which suggests that plasticity may be an important force in initiating depth transitions, priming the feeding apparatus for evolutionary change.

The long-term prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is unknown, especially in patients without a history of ACL surgery.

To (1) describe the prevalence of radiographic OA, symptomatic OA, and knee replacement surgery 32 to 37 years after acute ACL injury and to (2) compare the prevalence of radiographic OA, symptomatic OA, and knee symptoms between patients allocated to early ACL surgery or no ACL surgery and patients who crossed over to ACL surgery.

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Participants aged 15 to 40 years at the time of ACL injury were allocated to surgical (augmented or nonaugmented ACL repair) or nonsurgical ACL treatment within 14 days of injury. At 32 to 37 years after the initial injury, 153 participants were followed up with plain weightbearing radiographs and completed 4 subscales from the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Radiographic OA was defined as Kellgren and Lawrence grade 2 or higher. Symptomatic OA was defiurgery. Citarinostat supplier The prevalences of symptomatic OA, radiographic patellofemoral OA, and knee symptoms were similar irrespective of ACL treatment. Overall, the prevalence of OA after ACL injury was high.

NCT03182647 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).

NCT03182647 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).

Patients with pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement are commonly treated with arthroscopic reduction of acetabular depth as measured by the lateral center-edge angle (LCEA). The optimal amount of rim reduction has not been established, although large resections may increase contact pressures through the hip. A recent publication demonstrated inferior surgical outcomes in patients with acetabular overcoverage as compared with normal acetabular coverage. Casual observation of our database suggested equivalent improvements, prompting a similar analysis.

To analyze patient-reported outcomes after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement in patients with acetabular overcoverage who were matched with controls with normal coverage, as well as to analyze associations with reduction in LCEA.

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Data were collected prospectively from patients with a minimum 2-year follow-up after receiving hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement by a single surgeon. Cases wer 3.5° and the controls from 32.9° ± 3.9° to 31.0° ± 3.0°. No differences in improvement were observed iHOT-12 improved by 35.7 points in both groups (

= .9 for analysis of variance interaction) and Nonarthritic Hip Score by 22.3 points (

= .6). From all eligible surgical procedures, 2-year follow up rates were 2.5% and 2.6% for the pincer and control cohorts, respectively, and 1.2% and 0.3% for conversion to total hip arthroplasty.

Arthroscopic management of acetabular overcoverage can achieve excellent results, equivalent to arthroscopy for other causes of symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement. A key finding was smaller rim resections producing a mean postoperative LCEA of 34.2° with a small standard deviation.

Arthroscopic management of acetabular overcoverage can achieve excellent results, equivalent to arthroscopy for other causes of symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement. A key finding was smaller rim resections producing a mean postoperative LCEA of 34.2° with a small standard deviation.

The molecular mechanism of how femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) morphology leads to hip osteoarthritis (OA) is yet to be determined. The expression and location of inflammation-related molecules during early- and late-stage FAI have not been previously described. Moreover, the characterization of intra-articular inflammation away from the cam deformity as well as the nature of adjacent synovial tissue have also not been extensively reported.

Early-stage FAI has a similar expression of inflammation-related markers in the head-neck and acetabular cartilage but less synovitis than late-stage FAI.

Controlled laboratory study.

Head-neck cartilage, acetabular cartilage, and synovial samples were obtained from patients undergoing hip preservation surgery for the treatment of symptomatic cam FAI (early FAI group; n = 15) and advanced OA secondary to cam FAI (late FAI group; n = 15). Samples procured from healthy young adult donors served as the control group (n = 7). Cartilage degeneration was assessed by histology, and the expression of inflammation-related proteins (interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β], matrix metalloproteinase-13 [MMP-13], a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 [ADAMTS-4], type II collagen [COL2], and aggrecan neoepitope [NITEGE]) was measured by immunostaining.