Turanreid9023

cylindracea, further guiding its biological researches and developing the application in food and biomedicine industries.The objective was to investigate the influence of synergism between xanthan gum (X) and galactomannans (guar gum (G) and locust bean gum (L)) on the stickiness of the film formed after the application of polysaccharides on a surface. The adhesion of the film was evaluated using a texture analyzer. X, G, and L were examined in concentrated solutions (0.5, 1 and 1.5 %, w/w) and as a function of the gums mixing ratios (0/100, 20/80, 40/60, 50/50, 60/40, 80/20 and 100/0). The film stickiness increased significantly with gum concentration with G exhibiting less sticky films than with X and L. The binary mixture of X/G and X/L confirmed a synergistic interaction, increasing the firmness of mixtures and decreasing the film stickiness. Such findings open interesting applications for skincare product development using natural texturing agents with enhanced consistency with the residual film on the skin being pleasant and not sticky.Poly(aminobenzeneboronic acid)-cellulose nanocrystals (PABA@CNCs) mediated self-healing and shape memory hydrogels are reported for the first time. PABA@CNCs are designed as efficient crosslinker, light-to-heat generator and strengthening agent in hydrogel. CNCs within dual crosslinking networks characterized by physical microcrystallization and dynamic covalent boronic bonds endow robust mechanical strength (tensile stress of 224 kPa) whose tensile stresses are 18 times higher than the single component PVA hydrogel. Reversible microcrystallization-induced fast and efficient self-healing behavior (healing efficiency ≥96.0 %) is easily obtained by exposing the hydrogel to a near-infrared (NIR) laser within 2 min. PABA@CNCs, a superior light-to-heat generator, is responsible for above melting-crystallization process. Meanwhile, the shape memory property with a shape fixity and recovery ratio of 88.9 % and 81.9 % are validated under fast pH-responsive boronic bonds between PABA@CNCs and PVA. In addition, the as-prepared hydrogel shows excellent affinity to a L929 cell, whose cell viability is higher than 95 %.Hydrolysis of starch is key in several industrial processes, including brewing. Here, the activity and inactivation kinetics of amylases throughout barley malt mashing are investigated, as a prerequisite for rational optimisation of this process. Varietal differences were observed in the activity of α- and β-amylases as a function of temperature for six barley and malt varieties. These differences were not reflected in the resulting wort composition after mashing, using three isothermal phases of 30 min at 45 °C, 62 °C and 72 °C with intermediate heating by 1 °C/min. Thermal inactivation kinetics parameters determined for α- and β-amylases of an industrially relevant malt variety in a diluted system showed that enzymes were inactivated at lower temperatures than expected. The obtained kinetic parameters could predict α-amylase, but not β-amylase inactivation in real mashing conditions, suggesting that β-amylase stability is enhanced during mashing by components present or formed in the mash.The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of food polysaccharides from different sources on microstructural and rheological properties, and in vitro lipolysis of oil-in-water emulsions of canola oil stabilised by whey protein isolate. The polysaccharides used were β-glucan (BG) from oat, arabinoxylan (AX) from wheat, and pectin (PTN) from apple. All polysaccharides added at 1 % w/v increased the viscosity of emulsions and promoted flocculation but with different mechanisms, BG and AX by depletion flocculation and PTN by bridging flocculation. Depletion flocculation was associated with an increase in viscosity of BG or AX-stabilised emulsions compared with BG/AX alone, whereas bridging flocculation with PTN caused a decrease in viscosity. All three polysaccharides reduced lipid digestion rate and extent, but the bridging flocculation induced by PTN had the greatest effect. This study has implications for better understanding the influence of carbohydrate polymers from cereals and fruits on lipid digestibility.To deliver photosensitizers with PEGylated heparin (HP) into tumor cells for photodynamic therapy, we prepared two polyethylene glycol (PEG)-functionalized HP-based polymers conjugated with pyropheophorbide-a (Ppa) a non-GSH-responsive nanoagent (HP-Ppa-mPEG) with the mPEG moiety chemically attached to HP directly; and a GSH-responsive nanoagent (HP-Ppa-SS-mPEG) with the mPEG moiety conjugated to HP via a disulfide linkage. The Ppa-functionalized HP without PEGylation (HP-Ppa) was designed as another control. These amphiphilic polymers could aggregate into nanoparticles. Cellular uptake of three nanoparticles by 4T1 cells led to abundant production of reactive oxygen species after irradiation by a 660 nm laser, inducing cell apoptosis. HP-Ppa-SS-mPEG was found to achieve the highest tumor accumulation, the longest retention time and the best penetration into tumor tissues, resulting in the highest in vivo anticancer efficacy with 94.3 % tumor growth inhibition rate, suggesting that tumor microenvironment-responsive PEGylated HP-based nanomedicines may act as efficient anticancer agents.Nanocellulose has been widely concerned and applied in recent years. Because of its high aspect ratio, large specific surface area, good modifiability, high mechanical strength, renewability and biodegradability, nanocellulose is particularly suitable as a base for constructing lightweight porous materials. This review summarizes the preparation methods and applications of nanocellulose-based lightweight porous materials including aerogels, cryogels, xerogels, foams and sponges. The preparation of nanocellulose-based lightweight porous materials usually involves gelation and drying processes. The characteristics and influencing factors of three main drying methods including freeze, supercritical and evaporation drying are reviewed. In addition, the mechanism of physical and chemical crosslinking during gelation and the effect on the structure and properties of the porous materials in different drying methods are especially focused on. This contribution also introduces the application of nanocellulose-based lightweight porous materials in the fields of adsorption, biomedicine, energy storage, thermal insulation and sound absorption, flame retardancy and catalysis.A novel pH-sensitive colorimetric film was prepared based on immobilizing red barberry anthocyanins (RBAs) within composite chitin nanofiber (CNF) and methylcellulose (MC) matrices. The incorporation of CNFs and RBAs improved their mechanical properties, moisture resistance, and UV-vis screening properties. Moreover, the RBAs could be used as colorimetric indicators to detect food spoilage because they are sensitive to changes in pH and ammonia gas production. The RBA-halochromic indicator changed from reddish/crimson → pink → yellow with increasing pH, and from pink → yellow with increasing ammonia vapor concentration. Furthermore, the smart films possessed good antioxidant and antimicrobial activity owing to the presence of the RBAs and CNFs. Finally, the validity of the indicator to monitor the freshness/spoilage of a model food (fish) was demonstrated. Overall, this study shows that active/smart films can be assembled from food grade ingredients that can protect and monitor the freshness of products, like meat and fish.Metallic implants have dominated the biomedical implant industries for the past century for load-bearing applications, while the polymeric implants have shown great promise for tissue engineering applications. The surface properties of such implants are critical as the interaction of implant surfaces, and the body tissues may lead to unfavourable reactions. Desired implant properties are biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial activity. A polymer coating is an efficient and economical way to produce such surfaces. A lot of research has been carried out on chitosan (CS)-modified metallic and polymer scaffolds in the last decade. Different methods such as electrophoretic deposition, sol-gel methods, dip coating and spin coating, electrospinning, etc. have been utilized to produce CS coatings. TVB-2640 nmr However, a systematic review of chitosan coatings on scaffolds focussing on widely employed techniques is lacking. This review surveys literature concerning the current status of orthopaedic applications of CS for the purpose of coatings. In this review, the various preparation methods of coating, and the role of the surface functionalities in determining the efficiency of coatings are discussed. Effect of nanoparticle additions on the polymeric interfaces and in regulating the properties of surface coatings are also investigated in detail.Herein, a new adsorbent Nitrilotriacetic acid β-Cyclodextrin-Chitosan (NTA-β-CD-CS) was synthesized for the effective simultaneous removal of dyes and metals. In this process, the β-CD cavities captured Methylene blue (MB) by host/guest contacts, and the remaining functional groups were able to act as adsorption sites for metal ions and Methyl orange (MO). In the single process, the maximum adsorption capacities of NTA-β-CD-CS adsorbent toward the Hg (II) MB and MO were 178.3, 162.6, and 132.5 mg/g, respectively. Sips and Langmuir's model were appropriate to define the adsorption system and mechanism. Most prominently, the NTA-β-CD-CS adsorbent was highly effective in the simultaneous adsorption of metals and cationic dyes and remained consistent with the mono system. The adsorbent performance efficiency remained constant even after four cycles. Therefore, the advantages of non-toxic chemicals, excellent adsorption, and regeneration performance revealed that NTA-β-CD-CS possessed great potential to treat realistic and model wastewater from different industries.A novel fire-preventing triple-network (TN) hydrogel was prepared and laminated on cotton fabric to improve fire-resistant performance of cellulose fabric. The TN hydrogel composed of Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)/sodium alginate (SA)/ Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) exhibited excellent swelling ratio, swelling-deswelling behavior and antibacterial property. Results indicated that introduction of SA could improve water retention capabilities of TN hydrogels. Thermogravimetric experiments showed that the thermal stability of hydrogels was best at a SA PVA ratio of 21. Furthermore, the obtained hydrogel-cotton fabric laminates displayed efficient flame retardancy. Compared to original fabric, hydrogel-fabric laminates were nearly undamaged when exposed to fire for 12 s. This result is attributed to energy absorption as water is heated and evaporates in the hydrogel. The present work provides a new concept to prepare fire-resistant polymer fabric, which may be used in fire-protective clothing to protect the skin from burn injuries.Wound dressing composed of chitosan, based crosslinked gelatin/ polyvinyl pyrrolidone, embedded silver nanoparticles were fabricated using solution casting method. The membrane was characterized by FTIR, SEM and TGA. Glutaraldehyde (0.5 %) was used for the crosslinking of membrane components and associated with 7-folds boosted mechanical performance, 28 % more hydrolytic stability, 3-folds thickness reduction and morphological roughness. Silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis, XRD and TEM for an average size of 9.9 nm. The membrane with higher concentration of silver nanoparticles showed maximum antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria; and the measured inhibition zones ranged from 1.5 to 3 cm. The activity of the particles ranged from severe to complete reduction in Penicillin, Erythromycin and Macrolide family's resistance genes expression such as β-Lactamase, mecA and erm. This developed membrane can serve as promising and cost-effective system against severe diabetic and burn wound infections.