Kockmichaelsen1319
The pollutants have become ubiquitous in the total environment (water, soil and air) due to human activities and they are hazardous to all forms of life on the earth. This problem has made scientists focus on mitigating or complete reduction in pollutants by several means. Microorganism and plants are known to scavenge pollutants. Both are studied enormously in reducing, refining, and removing pollutants from the environment successfully. But, their slow process for removal is disadvantage. However, according to recent advancements in the abatement of pollutants, a combined system of both microorganisms and plant has shown to enhance the remediation of pollutants to an efficient level. In a nutrient-depleted pollutant-rich environment, when suitable plant and microorganisms are introduced, the plant interacts with the rhizosphere and root associate with microorganisms to survive in toxic conditions. The chemicals released by plants signal the microorganisms for interactions. This interaction leads in higher germination efficiency and enhanced root elongation which results in enhanced degradation of pollutants in both rhizosphere and phyllosphere. In this background, the current review article provides an overview of the recent advancement in microorganisms plant combined systems in enhanced removal of several recalcitrant pollutants. The conclusion highlights the challenges and future perspectives in this area of research.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and vision-threatening complications of brachytherapy with ruthenium-106 (
Ru) plaque to treat uveal melanoma.
A literature review was performed based on results from searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases, using the following key words "choroidal melanoma", "uveal melanoma", "brachytherapy", and "ruthenium-106". We included studies performed on more than 30 patients since 1986, reporting on local control rate, complications rate, mean radiation dose, and mean tumor thickness. The cumulative analysis was performed using Metaprop command of Stata v.16, and meta-regression was conducted based on mean tumor thickness and mean radiation dose to tumor's apex.
Twenty-one retrospective studies were selected, involving 3,913 patients treated primarily with
Ru plaque brachytherapy. The range of radiation dose to tumor apex was from 70 Gy to 250 Gy. The local control rate following brachytherapy ranged from 59% to 98%, and the
Although the studies' heterogeneity was high, in a prescription dose ranging from 70 Gy to 250 Gy to the tumor apex, 106Ru brachytherapy seems to be successful in local control of uveal melanoma. The efficacy of 106Ru in controlling uveal melanomas decreased with the increase in tumor thickness. However, these outcomes should be verified in randomized comparative studies.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of iodine-125 (
I) seeds implantation for inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data were searched from inception until April 2020. Data were collected concerning overall survival, short-term efficacy, and complications. Meta-analysis was performed using R software (version 3.6.3).
Nine studies involving 308 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 0.98% (95% CI 0.95-0.99%), 0.83% (95% CI 0.77-0.89%), and 0.65% (95% CI 0.55-0.75%), respectively; short-term local control rate (LCR) and effective rates were 0.99% (95% CI 0.98-1.00%) and 0.92% (95% CI 0.83-0.98%), respectively; 1-, 2-, and 3-year LCRs were 0.96% (95% CI 0.83-1.00%), 0.94% (95% CI 0.85-0.99%), and 0.95% (95% CI 0.76-1.00%), respectively. Sub-group analysis of the prescribed dose found that when the prescribed dose was > 120 Gy, short-term efficacy and 1-year LCR were increased significantly (
0.01). The incidence of bleeding, pneumothorax, and radiation lung injury was 0.14% (95% CI 0.07-0.21%), 0.19% (95% CI 0.11-0.28%), and 0.00% (95% CI 0.00-0.03%), respectively. Two studies involving 106 patients compared
I seeds combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for NSCLC. Results showed that compared with chemotherapy alone,
I seeds combined with chemotherapy could improve short-term LCR (RR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.09-1.65%,
= 0.005) and short-term effective rate (RR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.14-1.96%,
= 0.004).
I seeds implantation is safe and effective approach for the treatment of inoperable early-stage NSCLC, but high-quality clinical research is still needed to further confirm the findings.
125I seeds implantation is safe and effective approach for the treatment of inoperable early-stage NSCLC, but high-quality clinical research is still needed to further confirm the findings.Soft tissue sarcomas of the foot are extremely rare and can therefore be misdiagnosed as benign diseases, and be prematurely removed with an unplanned excision. The standard treatment is a wide local excision with an addition of radiotherapy as an alternative to a radical resection (e.g., below-knee or foot amputation). We report on a patient with primary malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in the foot plantar soft tissue, who had no evidence of the disease and no severe late toxicity higher than grade 2, 40 months after receiving amputation of toes and adjuvant interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT). To the best of our knowledge, only a few cases were treated with HDR-BT with this scenario. From our findings, HDR-BT could be a safe and quick treatment option for these types of lesions.
The aim of this study was to present a case of complete clinical response of renal clear cell carcinoma cutaneous metastases after high-dose-rate surface brachytherapy (HDR sBT).
An 81-year-old female diagnosed with stage IV clear cell renal carcinoma reported to our center with painful relapse of two cutaneous metastases after a previous metastasectomy. The patient was disqualified from systemic therapy due to comorbidities, and qualified to attempt a treatment using HDR sBT. The unit equipped with an iridium-192 source was used to deliver 36 Gy/6 Gy in 6 fractions twice weekly. Overall treatment time was 18 days.
Two weeks after HDR sBT, complete response was observed in one irradiated location, while the partial response was observed in the latter. EORTC grade 1 skin toxicity was reported in both irradiated fields. Three and five months after the treatment, the patient presented complete response and pain relief in both locations with no signs of relapse. The patient remained in palliative care and died seven months after the treatment due to sudden cardiac death.
HDR sBT can be a valuable treatment option for cutaneous metastatic renal cell carcinoma, especially for patients with significant comorbidities. The treatment provided was associated with low toxicity and excellent clinical outcome.
HDR sBT can be a valuable treatment option for cutaneous metastatic renal cell carcinoma, especially for patients with significant comorbidities. The treatment provided was associated with low toxicity and excellent clinical outcome.
Motivated by recent advances in deep learning, the purpose of this study was to investigate a deep learning method in automatic segment and reconstruct applicators in computed tomography (CT) images for cervix brachytherapy treatment planning.
U-Net model was developed for applicator segmentation in CT images. Sixty cervical cancer patients with Fletcher applicator were divided into training data and validation data according to ratio of 50 10, and another 10 patients with Fletcher applicator were employed to test the model. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and 95
percentile Hausdorff distance (HD95) were used to evaluate the model. Segmented applicator coordinates were calculated and applied into RT structure file. Tip error and shaft error of applicators were evaluated. Dosimetric differences between manual reconstruction and deep learning-based reconstruction were compared.
The averaged overall 10 test patients' DSC, HD95, and reconstruction time were 0.89, 1.66 mm, and 17.12 s, respectively. The average tip error was 0.80 mm, and the average shaft error was less than 0.50 mm. The dosimetric differences between manual reconstruction and automatic reconstruction were 0.29% for high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) D
, and less than 2.64% for organs at risk D
at a scenario of doubled maximum shaft error.
We proposed a deep learning-based reconstruction method to localize Fletcher applicator in three-dimensional CT images. The achieved accuracy and efficiency confirmed our method as clinically attractive. It paves the way for the automation of brachytherapy treatment planning.
We proposed a deep learning-based reconstruction method to localize Fletcher applicator in three-dimensional CT images. The achieved accuracy and efficiency confirmed our method as clinically attractive. It paves the way for the automation of brachytherapy treatment planning.
To evaluate the dosimetry of a six-channel high-dose-rate (HDR) applicator for treatment of esophageal cancer with respect to lateral directionality and heterogeneous media.
A computed tomography (CT)- and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible esophageal applicator consisting of 2 inflatable portions (anchor and therapeutic balloons) with 6 longitudinal treatment catheters equally spaced circumferentially was constructed. Treatment plans were prepared using Oncentra 4.5 for various catheter loadings and target locations and sizes. Calculated dose distributions were compared to measured distributions obtained using film and a water phantom. Balloon inflations with water and with air were tested.
TG-43 dose calculations matched measurements well when inflation balloons were filled with water. When air was used to inflate, model-based dose calculations (TG-186) improved the comparison with measurement. Several cases with simulated ring targets demonstrated better dose conformity to non-uniform targets compared to a single central catheter. Additionally, the use of this applicator compared to a single catheter, gave rise to considerable improvement in sparing non-target tissue.
Lateral dose modulation is achievable with the applicator described in this work. The use of TG-186 dose calculation made a small improvement in heterogeneous media.
Lateral dose modulation is achievable with the applicator described in this work. The use of TG-186 dose calculation made a small improvement in heterogeneous media.
Post-mastectomy radiation therapy significantly reduces locoregional recurrence rates, which can be achieved with external beam radiotherapy delivered to chest wall, followed by scar irradiation either by electron or high-dose-rate (HDR) mould brachytherapy. PMX-53 clinical trial The present study evaluates dosimetric advantage of Acuros
BV, a TG-186 MBDCA, over TG-43 formalism using
Ir source for HDR brachytherapy in chest wall scar boost using catheter flap.
A total of 25 patients, free of cardiac and pulmonary co-morbidities, who met the inclusion criteria were involved in the study. Catheter flap made of silicon with 20 channels was used to deliver a total dose of 7.5 Gy/3 fx by HDR surface mould brachytherapy to delineated scar volume. Plan was optimized with iterative method to obtain desired results with TG-43 formalism, followed by Acuros
BV (GBBS algorithm) without altering dwell positions or time. The two algorithm plans were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively with dose-volume histograms.
The mean D
CTV-HDR_evl coverage decreased by 1.
