Kudskmadsen2074

This review examines the evidence supporting a variety of possible biomarkers for drug development in propionic and methylmalonic acidemias.Costello syndrome (CS) is a rare disorder affecting development and growth characterized by cancer predisposition and caused by mutations in HRAS proto-oncogene. Somatic HRAS mutations drive bladder carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to analyze prevalence and histological characterization of bladder cancer (BC) in a cohort of patients with CS to help clinicians plan effective management strategies. This study included 13 patients above 10 years of age with molecular diagnosis of CS. Screening cystoscopies (31 total procedures) were performed to exclude BC. Any lesion was analyzed through cold-cup biopsy or trans-urethral resection of the bladder. According to histology, patients were followed-up with urinalysis and abdominal ultrasound yearly, and cystoscopies every 12-24 months. During study enrollment, bladder lesions (often multifocal) were detected in 11/13 patients. Histological analysis documented premalignant lesions in 90% of cystoscopies performed, epithelial dysplasia in 71%, and papillary urothelial neoplasm of low-malignant potential in 19%. BC G1/low grade (Ta) were removed in 10%. Overall, 76% of patients showed a bladder lesion at first cystoscopy. The present findings document that individuals with CS aged 10 years and older have high prevalence of bladder lesions (premalignant/malignant), highlighting the importance of personalized screening protocols.

Rabbit meat is a good edible meat source with high nutritional values. Cooking has a significant impact on the edible properties, nutritional qualities and flavor characteristics of meat. Studying the effect of cooking methods on rabbit meat qualities could encourage more understanding and acceptance of rabbit meat by consumers, and could also provide some reference for rabbit meat processing. Therefore, the effects of boiling, sous-vide cooking, steaming, microwaving, roasting, frying and pressure cooking on the edible, nutritive and volatile qualities of rabbit meat were investigated.

The sous-vide cooked rabbit meat sample showed higher moisture content, water-holding capacity and lower cooking losses than other samples, but the results of roasted rabbit meat sample were the opposite, and scanning electron microscopy observations also verified the results. There was no significant difference in 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value in the cooked samples except for roasting. Microwavinghile roasting the least. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.Enflicoxib is approved for the treatment of pain and inflammation in canine osteoarthritis. The objective of this work was to assess the mechanistic basis of enflicoxib therapy investigating the COX inhibitory activity of enflicoxib (racemate), its enantiomers and its main metabolites using the canine whole blood assay. The (R)-(+)-Enflicoxib enantiomer and metabolite M8 (hydroxylated pyrazoline) did not induce significant COX inhibition. Enflicoxib and its (S)-(-)-Enflicoxib enantiomer inhibited COX-1 and COX-2 with variable degree of preferential isoform inhibition, but no significant therapeutic effect is anticipated in vivo. The pyrazol metabolite showed the highest COX-2 inhibition and was the most selective (IC50 COX-1/ COX-2 ratio 19.45). As the pyrazol metabolite shows saturable binding to red blood cells, its in vivo concentrations in plasma are lower than in whole blood. Accordingly, when applying the red blood cell partitioning, the respective IC50 and IC80 for COX-2 inhibition decreased from 2.8 µM (1129 ng/ml) and 13.4 µM (5404 ng/ml) to 0.2 µM (80.7 ng/ml) and 1.2 µM (484 ng/ml) and the selectivity ratio increased to close to 55. The corrected pyrazol metabolite IC50 and IC80 are well within the plasma levels described in treated dogs.Activation of the alternative complement pathway is an initiating event in the pathology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Unchecked complement activation leads to the formation of a pro-lytic pore, the membrane attack complex (MAC). MAC deposition is observed on the choriocapillaris of AMD patients and likely causes lysis of choroidal endothelial cells (CECs). Complement factor H (FH, encoded by the gene CFH) is an inhibitor of complement. Both loss of function of FH and reduced choroidal levels of FH have been reported in AMD. It is plausible that reduced local FH availability promotes MAC deposition on CECs. FH is produced primarily in the liver; however, cells including the retinal pigment epithelium can produce FH locally. CDK4/6-IN-6 We hypothesized that CECs produce FH locally to protect against MAC deposition. We aimed to investigate the effect of reduced FH levels in the choroid to determine whether increasing local FH could protect CECs from MAC deposition. We demonstrated that siRNA knockdown of FH (CFH) in human immortalized CECs results in increased MAC deposition. We generated AMD iPSC-derived CECs and found that overexpression of FH protects against MAC deposition. These results suggest that local CEC-produced FH protects against MAC deposition, and that increasing local FH protein may be beneficial in limiting MAC deposition in AMD. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

Entry-level dental hygiene programs give associate (AD) and bachelor degrees (BD). The objectives were to compare how AD versus BD students differ in career-related role models and information sources, career motivations, and satisfaction and to explore the relationships between career motivations and satisfaction.

Two hundred seventy-one students in AD and 269 students in BD programs responded to a survey.

AD students were older than BD students (26.71/23.6; p<0.001). Both groups were most likely to name a nurse/dental hygienist (37.6%/37.3%) as role models in their families, were likely to have shadowed a dental hygienist (77.6%/75.0%), and had talked to a health professional (27.7%/23.7%) prior to program application. BD students decided earlier to become dental hygienists (17.20/19.97 years; p<0.001) and were less likely to have been dental assistants before than AD students (28.3%/36.9%; p=0.034). Both groups agreed strongly that they wanted to become dental hygienists to help patients (5-poi motivational determinants of job satisfaction can guide educational efforts.

Dental hygiene students in AD versus BD programs differ in the factors that are associated with job satisfaction. Dental hygiene educators can utilize these findings when recruiting future students. The findings related to motivational determinants of job satisfaction can guide educational efforts.

The effectiveness of the use of carbonation in preventing penetration/aspiration or enhancing swallowing function in adults remains unclear. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of carbonation on improving swallowing function in adult subjects.

Literature published before March 2021 was inspected using MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, The Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Ichushi-web databases. We searched for intervention studies or randomized control trials considering the effects of carbonated liquids on swallowing function. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool for assessing the risk of bias for randomized controlled trials and the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies.

The systematic review identified 19 studies with a total of 586 participants. The effects of carbonation on swallowing function are diverse. Overall, most studies showed that carbonation promotes swallowing function compared to other liquids. Five studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. Meta-analysis showed that carbonated liquids prevent aspiration (risk difference [RD] -0.27%, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.44 to -0.10; I

= 0%; number needed to treat 3.8, 95% CI 2.2 to 15.0; moderate quality of evidence) when compared to noncarbonated thin liquids. Carbonated liquids also increased the duration of swallowing apnea than did noncarbonated liquids (standardized mean difference 0.25 (mean difference 0.36seconds), 95% CI 0.03 to 0.47; I

= 0%; low quality of evidence).

Carbonation had favorable effects on swallowing function. Further in-depth studies are needed to clarify the benefits of carbonation.

NA Laryngoscope, 1321924-1933, 2022.

NA Laryngoscope, 1321924-1933, 2022.

Astaxanthin, classified as a xanthophyll, has antioxidant properties about 500 times greater than α-tocopherols and ten times greater than β-carotenes. Based on the antioxidant activity of this carotenoid, this study aimed to evaluate the shelf-life of tilapia fillets (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with astaxanthin, by determining the microbiological quality (colimetry, counts of mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms), physicochemical analyses (colorimetry, pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) and sensory analysis.

Tilapia supplemented with astaxanthin presented a reduction in the counts of microorganisms (mesophiles and psychrotrophics) and lower lipid oxidation index (TBARS), when compared to fillets of control fish. Colorimetric changes of fillet degradation were observed, associated with increased pH during storage, as well as loss of brightness and texture in addition to worsening of appearance and odor. These deteriorating changes were minimized using astaxanthin.

Our results demonstrate the beneficial performance of astaxanthin in the shelf-life of tilapia fillets stored under refrigeration. Therefore, dietary supplementation with astaxanthin (100 and 200 mg kg

of feed) improves the microbiological and physicochemical quality of tilapia fillets during 50 days of shelf-life. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Our results demonstrate the beneficial performance of astaxanthin in the shelf-life of tilapia fillets stored under refrigeration. Therefore, dietary supplementation with astaxanthin (100 and 200 mg kg-1 of feed) improves the microbiological and physicochemical quality of tilapia fillets during 50 days of shelf-life. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.Effective pain control enhances patient recovery after surgery. Laparoscopic techniques for major abdominal surgery are increasingly utilised to reduce surgical trauma. Intrathecal morphine is an attractive analgesic option that is gaining popularity. However, limited evidence guides its use in the setting of laparoscopic surgery. In addition, enhanced recovery after surgery pathways advocate opioid-sparing techniques. We conducted a feasibility trial to compare intrathecal morphine with non-neuraxial analgesia in laparoscopic or laparoscopic-assisted major abdominal surgery to inform the design of a future large clinical trial. This multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial was conducted at two tertiary hospitals in Australia. Fifty-one patients were randomly allocated to receive either intrathecal morphine (intervention group) or a sham subcutaneous injection of normal saline in the lumbar area (control group) immediately before the induction of general anaesthesia. Co-primary outcomes were patient recruitment and successful adherence to treatment allocation as per the study protocol.