Robersonjama6449

© 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess efficacy and safety of a new patterned theta burst stimulation algorithm of DBS with the aim of expanding the therapeutic window and clinical benefit in PD. METHODS In this single-center, randomized, double-blind, clinical short-term trial, unilateral conventional subthalamic DBS was compared with unilateral patterned stimulation algorithms with intraburst high- or low-frequency theta burst stimulation in 17 PD patients. RESULTS There were no serious adverse events with theta burst stimulation. During monopolar review, conventional subthalamic DBS and high-frequency theta burst stimulation were comparable, but low-frequency theta burst stimulation differed by requiring higher stimulation amplitudes for symptom reduction, but a larger therapeutic window. High- and low-frequency theta burst stimulation with adapted stimulation amplitude were effective in PD symptom reduction with differential effects on akinesia and tremor, depending on the theta burst stimulation mode. CONCLUSIONS Theta burst stimulation is a safe and effective stimulation mode with potential future application opportunities. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.The aim of this study was to examine whether the process of initial colonization and the formation of mature biofilm structure of foodborne bacterial pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium can be impeded by active essential oil components β-caryophyllene, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol at their individual and combined effects. Among the essential oil components tested, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol at their individual effect showed > 50% degradation in biofilm biomass against preformed (matured) biofilms of both the studied bacteria whereas β-caryophyllene failed to do so. In combination, cinnamaldehyde/eugenol blend showed synergistic antibiofilm efficacy against preformed biofilms of both the studied bacteria Listeria monocytogenes (FICI 0.24) and Salmonella typhimurium (FICI 0.40) whereas other tested combinations showed additive antibiofilm efficacy with FICI ranged from 2.02 to 2.35. Essential oil components alone and in combination also showed much higher inhibition effect on biofilm formation at the initial stage compared to their inhibition effect on preformed biofilms. The results provide evidence that cinnamldehyde/eugenol combination may help in designing a more potent novel, natural antibiofilm blend at sufficiently low concentrations in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE To describe the body composition of dogs with or without cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional. ANIMALS Adult dogs in which CCL disease was diagnosed (n = 30) and adult dogs without clinical signs of orthopedic disease (n = 30). METHODS Body weight, body condition score, and muscle condition score (MCS) were recorded. Body composition of the whole body and pelvic limbs were assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Body condition score, whole body, and pelvic limb body composition measurements were compared by using general linear mixed-model analysis of variance. Muscle condition score between groups was assessed by using a Mann-Whitney U test, while paired data were analyzed by using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Body fat percentage (P  less then  .0001) was higher in affected dogs (38.78% ± 1.40) than in control dogs (27.49% ± 1.24). Affected dogs had lower MCS (1.90 ± 0.13, P  less then  .0001) compared with control dogs (2.77 ± 0.08). The affected pelvic limb of affected dogs contained less lean soft tissues (P  less then  .0001) but more fat (P = .0451) compared with the contralateral pelvic limb. CONCLUSION Dogs with CCL disease were overweight compared with the control group. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dogs that are overweight may be predisposed to developing CCL disease. Body composition changes in the pelvic limbs should be considered when managing the care of these dogs. © 2020 The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.Parkinson's disease is a progressive and debilitating disorder that has so far eluded attempts to develop disease-modifying treatment. Both epidemiological and genetic studies support a role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. Postmortem studies and experimental analyses suggest the involvement of both innate and adaptive immunity in the degenerative process. There is also some circumstantial evidence for effects of immune therapies on the disease. In the present article, we review 10 unanswered questions related to neuroinflammatory processes in Parkinson's disease with the goal of stimulating research in the field and accelerating the clinical development of neuroprotective therapies based on anti-inflammatory strategies. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.OBJECTIVE To assess and compare the salivary characteristics and oral health and to evaluate the impact of asthma and its medication on dental caries among adolescents with and without asthma. METHODS A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 50 asthmatic and 50 nonasthmatic adolescents aged 12-15 years in Bangalore City. Data were acquired using a structured questionnaire. Salivary samples were collected to determine the flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, and Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli counts. Oral health assessment was performed using WHO 2013 proforma. Inferential statistics such as chi-square, student's t-test, spearman's correlation, multinomial logistic. and stepwise linear regression were applied with P  less then  .05 considered as significant. RESULTS Asthmatic participants had significantly higher mean number of teeth with dental caries, gingival bleeding, and dental erosion than nonasthmatics (P  less then  .05). selleck The prevalence of fluorosis, traumatic dental injuries, and oits medications had significant impact on salivary characteristics and dental caries among asthmatic adolescents. © 2020 Special Care Dentistry Association and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Chondroitin sulfate is extracted from animal cartilaginous tissues and is commercialized as active principle against osteoarthritis. Its biological activity depends on its purity grade and could be altered by the presence of other glycosaminoglycans like keratan sulfate, that could be contemporarily extracted from animal tissues or like hyaluronic acid that, instead, is added on purpose in food supplements. Although numerous methods are reported in literature for quality control analyses of chondroitin sulfate, few of them are able to detect other glycosaminoglycans. In this paper, for the first time, a new high performance capillary electrophoresis method was set up to quantify the chondroitin sulfate, the eventual keratan sulfate and hyaluronic acid, as intact chains 5 chondroitin sulfate standards and 13 animal origin samples or food supplements from six different suppliers were analysed. The new method was able to determine keratan sulfate similarly to a previously reported high performance anion-exchange chromatography method, but in addition it showed the advantage to determine also the hyaluronic acid as never reported before. This article is protected by copyright. link2 All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. link3 All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Factor X deficiency (known as; Stuart-Prower factor deficiency or F10 deficiency) is a rare inherited bleeding disorder. It affects one per 1 million individuals worldwide. Patients with inherited bleeding disorder reported difficulty in accessing primary dental care either due to their medical diseases or their related barriers. AIM This article aims to identify barriers to oral health as perceived by the patient with factor X deficiency who had been refused treatment by three dentists. A further aim is to provide dentists with the knowledge required to manage patients diagnosed with factor X deficiency. METHODS AND CASE REPORT A 30-year-old male with the inherited, severe factor X deficiency ( less then 1%) was asked to complete a survey which includes 22 semistructured, validated questions to assess his perceived barriers to dental services. Dental examination revealed that the patient required having nonsurgical periodontal therapy under local anesthesia. The treatment plan was discussed with the patient and his hematologist. The patient's hematologist advised performing dental treatment shortly (ie, 1-2 h) after hematological cover with a prothrombin complex concentrate (1000 U; Octoplex® ) via intravenous infusion. The hematologist also prescribed tranexamic acid mouthwash (250 mg in 5 mL) and the patient was instructed to rinse his mouth for 3-5 min with 500 μg (10 mL) in case of bleeding following treatment. FINDINGS The patient reported several barriers to dental services such as high anxiety levels regarding oral bleeding, difficulty in finding a suitable dental clinic, high cost of dental treatment, and the need for hematological cover prior to dental treatment. CONCLUSIONS The proper communication between dentist and hematologist was a vital step to render safe and effective dental care and to reduce the patient's anxiety toward the dentist. © 2020 Special Care Dentistry Association and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic and devastating condition characterized by poor airflow and breath. Smoking and other environmental factors-caused inflammations triggered excessive autophagy of normal lung epithelial cells, eventually leading to impaired lung functions. Previous studies showed that ghrelin exhibited beneficial effects on COPD patients. However, the mechanisms underlying this impact remained largely unknown. In this study, in vitro and in vivo models of COPD-associated inflammation were established, and we found that inflammation and autophagy were abonormally activated through nuclear factor kappa b (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling pathways. Interestingly, ghrelin could inhibit the excessive inflammation pathways and autophagy induced by particle-matter (PM) and/or cigarette extract (CSE) in bronchial epithelial cells. Furthermore, NF-κB and AP-1 signaling were both inhibited while lung functions were significantly improved. Taken together, identification of downstream signaling of ghrelin in inflammation provided a new avenue in the treatment of COPD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND The high incidence of septic transfusion reactions (STRs) led to testing being mandated by AABB from 2004. This was implemented by primary culture of single-donor apheresis platelets (APs) from 2004 and prestorage pooled platelets (PSPPs) from 2007. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Platelet (PLT) aliquots were cultured at issue and transfusion reactions evaluated at our hospital. Bacterial contamination and STR rates (shown as rates per million transfusions in Results) were evaluated before and after introduction of primary culture by blood centers that used a microbial detection system (BacT/ALERT, bioMerieux) or enhanced bacterial detection system (eBDS, Haemonetics). RESULTS A total of 28,457 PLTs were cultured during pre-primary culture periods (44.7% APs; 55.3% at-issue pooled PLTs [AIPPs]) and 97,595 during post-primary culture periods (79.3% APs; 20.7% PSPPs). Forty-three contaminated units were identified in preculture and 34 in postculture periods (rates, 1511 vs. 348; p  less then  0.0001). Contamination rates of APs were significantly lower than AIPPs in the preculture (393 vs.