Puckettkuhn8014

50%) and satisfactory precision (RSD ≤ 8.92%). These findings suggest that the N-DBDI allows the determination of non/low-polar species at sub-pg/mL possible, and would benefit for the non/low-polar species analysis in real environmental samples.Pyrophosphate (PPi) and pyrophosphatase (PPase) play a significant role in the therapy of arthritic and clinical diagnosis. In this study, we quickly synthesized ZnCo2O4 nanosheets (NSs) with excellent peroxidase catalytic activity in basic deep eutectic solvent (DES). It was found that PPi could inhibit the catalytic capability of ZnCo2O4 NSs transforming colorless o-phenylenediamine (OPD) into yellow oxidized OPD (oxOPD), and the absorbance falls down at 420 nm. However, if PPase was simultaneously present in the system, PPi would be hydrolyzed, leading to the restoration of peroxidase activity of ZnCo2O4 NSs. Therefore, paving a way for colorimetric analysis of PPi as well as PPase. Furthermore, on the basis of above colorimetric assay, an IMPLICATION logic gate was legitimately designed. With the advantages of fast-speed, low-cost and simplification, we firmly believe that our proposed system has a good potential for simple and fast clinic diagnosis of arthritic diseases, even has great significance in the fields of life sciences, environmental measurement and food safety.The identification of new biomarkers (e.g., metabolic biomarkers) will facilitate not only the diagnosis of stroke but also the differentiation of stroke subtypes, especially the discrimination of ischaemic stroke from intracerebral hemorrhage. Herein, we develop for the first time an ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS)-based targeted metabolomic method to screen the metabolic biomarkers of stroke and identify the fatty acid metabolite 20-hydroxy-leukotriene B4 (20-OH-LTB4) and its key enzyme cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 2 (CYP4F2) as the potential biomarkers for differentiating healthy persons, acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, and intracerebral hemorrhage stroke (ICH) patients. We evaluated 158 fatty acids and their metabolites in 177 serum samples obtained from 65 healthy volunteers, 70 AIS patients and 42 ICH patients, and identified the potential biomarkers associated with ICH by using multivariate statistical analysis. We found that 20-OH-LTB4 and arachidonic acid can be used to discriminate ICH patients from healthy individuals, and 20-OH-LTB4 and 17, 18-epoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (7,18-EpETE) can be used to differentiate the subtypes of ICH and AIS. Especially, 20-OH-LTB4 may function as a potential biomarker for ICH diagnosis and risk assessment, and it can discriminate ICH patients from healthy individuals and AIS patients. Moreover, we identified CYP4F2 protein as a potential biomarker of ICH for prevention and treatment assessment. This method may provide a powerful platform for ICH diagnosis, prevention, and treatment assessment.The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) is a secondary metabolite derived from multiple Aspergillus and Penicillium strains. The development of a rapid, sensitive, and simple method for OTA detection is important to ensure food biosafety and safeguard public health. In this study, we designed a highly specific and sensitive assay for the detection of OTA using copper monosulfide (CuS) nanoparticles conjugated to an anti-OTA antibody (CuS-Ab NPs) and a fluorescent probe for Cu2+. When OTA is present in the solution, the OTA antigen, bound to the microplate, is competed off by the soluble OTA for binding to CuS-Ab NPs. After washing, the CuS-Ab NPs and bound OTA are removed. Subsequently, HCl is added to dissolve the CuS-Ab NPs bound to the OTA antigen, releasing Cu2+ and activating the Cu2+ fluorescent probe. Thus, the resultant fluorescence emission is inversely proportional to the OTA content in the solution. Filgotinib datasheet Under optimal conditions, this method detected 0.1-100 ng mL-1 OTA with a limit of detection of 0.01 ng mL-1. The assay was tested using corn, soybean, and coffee samples, with recoveries ranging from 94% to 110%. This strategy provides a new approach for the detection of mycotoxins and other small-molecule analytes with broad application potential in food safety and quality control.Non-ribosomal peptides are one class of bacterial metabolites formed by gut microbiota. Intestinal resident Klebsiella oxytoca produces two pyrrolobenzodiazepines, tilivalline and tilimycin, via the same nonribosomal biosynthesis platform. These molecules cause human disease by genotoxic and tubulin inhibitory activities resulting in apoptosis of the intestinal epithelium, loss of barrier integrity and ultimately colitis. Here we report a fast, reliable, HPLC-HR-ESMS2 method for quantifying simultaneously the bacterial enterotoxins tilimycin and tilivalline in complex biological matrices. We synthesized and applied stable isotopically labeled internal standards for precise quantification of the metabolites. Sample preparation was optimized using clinical and laboratory specimens including serum, colonic fluid and stool. The developed method overcame the disadvantage of low selectivity by applying high resolution mass spectrometry in MS2 mode. High sensitivity and low interference from matrices were achieved and validated. We show that the approach is suitable for detection and quantification of the enterotoxic metabolites produced in vivo, in infected human or animal hosts, and in bacterial culture in vitro.In analytical mass spectrometry, an efficient desorption is needed for nonvolatile compounds at ultra-trace level detection. In this paper, an ultrasonic cutter-assisted non-thermal desorption method for ultra-trace level detection of different types of nonvolatile compounds such as drugs of abuse, explosives, pharmaceuticals, spinosad, cholesterol, rhodamine B, glucose and amino acids has been described. The relevant compounds were deposited on the ultrasonic blade except pharmaceutical tablets that were used directly, and gently touched on perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) made substrate with oscillation frequency about 40 kHz in order to desorb the solid molecules. The desorbed gaseous molecules were ionized using a home-made helium dielectric barrier discharge ionization (DBDI) source and then detected by an ion trap mass spectrometer. The synergistic effect caused by gaining the oscillation and frictional/mechanical energy enhanced desorption of the solid molecules into gaseous phase, thereby, resulting in detection at ultra-trace level.